Cov qauv Greek thiab nws cov ncej
Kev tsim vaj tsev Greek yog ib qho ntawm cov kab lis kev cai tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej. Nrog nws qhov kev zoo nkauj tsis muaj hnub nyoog thiab kev txawj ntse tshwj xeeb, kev tsim vaj tsev Greek tau tshoov siab rau ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse thoob ntiaj teb. Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev Greek yog kev siv cov kem, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ua cov khoom siv xwb tab sis kuj yog cov cim ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab kev tsim qauv. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tshawb nrhiav qhov zoo nkauj ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev Greek thiab piav qhia txog ntau yam qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kem no.
Ib Keeb Kwm Luv Luv ntawm Greek Architecture
Nrog keeb kwm txij li xyoo pua 8th BC mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm Roman, cov qauv vaj tsev Greek qub muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo meej ntawm kev zoo nkauj, kev sib haum xeeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm. Lub sijhawm tsim vaj tsev Greek tuaj yeem faib ua peb theem tseem ceeb: Archaic, Classical, thiab Hellenistic. Txhua lub sijhawm no tau ua rau muaj kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb rau kev txhim kho Greek architectural art.
Cov ncej yog Lub Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Tsim Kho Vaj Tse
Cov ncej tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Greek architecture. Lawv tsis yog tsuas yog txhawb nqa cov tsev xwb tab sis kuj ua haujlwm ua cov khoom dai thiab cim. Muaj peb qhov kev txiav txim tseem ceeb ntawm Greek pillar tsim, hu ua Doric, Ionic, thiab Corinthian.
1. Kev Txiav Txim Doric
Cov qauv Doric yog qhov qub tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm peb hom. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Doric kem yog nws lub hauv paus tsis muaj kho kom zoo nkauj, lub ncej cylindrical nrog cov fluting ntiav, thiab lub peev yooj yim, puag ncig. Doric kem qhia txog lub zog thiab kev xav ntawm txiv neej. Ib qho piv txwv nto moo ntawm hom kem no yog Parthenon hauv Athens. Muab rau tus poj niam vajtswv poj niam Athena, Parthenon tseem yog ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Doric architecture.
2. Kev Txiav Txim Ionic
Lub Ionic Order muaj qhov zoo nkauj dua thiab zoo nkauj dua li Doric. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm Ionic kem yog qhov muaj cov volutes (scrolls) ntawm lub peev, uas tsim kom muaj kev xav zoo nkauj thiab ntxim nyiam. Cov kem no kuj muaj lub hauv paus ua los ntawm ntau lub voj voog thiab siab dua thiab nyias dua li Doric kem. Ib qho piv txwv nto moo ntawm kev siv Ionic kem yog Erechtheion hauv Athens, uas muaj Caryatids porch, uas muaj caryatids (poj niam duab puab) hloov cov kem txheem.
3. Pawg Ntseeg Kaulithaus
Lub Corinthian Order yog qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab kho kom zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub. Cov taub hau ntawm Corinthian tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov nplooj acanthus zoo nkauj thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv cov tsev loj thiab cov tsev loj. Cov taub hau Corinthian qhia txog kev nplua nuj thiab kev zoo nkauj, thiab cov qauv no feem ntau tau txais yuav hauv Roman architecture. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Corinthian architecture yog lub Tuam Tsev Olympian Zeus hauv Athens, uas ua piv txwv txog qhov zoo nkauj thiab kev zoo nkauj tsis muaj qhov sib piv ntawm Classical Greek architecture.
Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Greek Pillars
Cov ncej hauv Greek architecture tsis yog tsuas yog ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim kho xwb tab sis kuj tseem muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub cim thiab kev sib raug zoo. Cov ncej feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lub zog, kev ruaj khov, thiab kev sib koom siab. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, cov tuam tsev thiab lwm lub tsev pej xeem uas siv cov ncej ua lawv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua ub no hauv zej zog thiab kev ntseeg, ua rau lawv ua tim khawv ntsiag to rau cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Greek Pillars hauv Modern Architecture
Lub hwj chim ntawm Greek architecture, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov lus qhuab qhia thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm nws cov kem, tau hnov nyob rau hauv cov qauv vaj tse niaj hnub. Ntau lub tsev tseem ceeb thoob plaws ntiaj teb, suav nrog cov tsev tsoomfwv, tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv, tau txais yuav Greek cov qauv tsim kem los txhim kho lawv qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab kev zoo nkauj. Piv txwv li nto moo tshaj plaws yog Lincoln Memorial hauv Washington, D.C., uas siv Doric kem los qhia txog kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov qauv vaj tse Greek.
Kev Loj Hlob thiab Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Greek Architecture
Txawm hais tias cov ncej Doric, Ionic, thiab Corinthian yog cov uas paub zoo tshaj plaws, kev txhim kho ntawm Greek architecture tsis tau xaus rau ntawm cov qauv no. Hauv Hellenistic Greece, kev txhim kho ntxiv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev tau tshwm sim, suav nrog cov ntsiab lus los ntawm lwm haiv neeg xws li Egypt thiab Persia. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv cov qauv ncej uas muaj ntau yam zoo nkauj thiab kho kom zoo nkauj.
Kev Siv Tshuab thiab Kev Tsim Kho Vaj Tse
Kev siv cov ncej hauv Greek architecture kuj qhia txog kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuab thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub sijhawm. Kev siv limestone thiab marble, nrog rau kev ua kom raug ntawm cov ncej thiab kev teeb tsa, qhia txog qib siab ntawm kev txawj ntse. Entasis, qhov nkhaus me me ntawm cov ncej los tsim kom muaj qhov zoo meej thaum saib ntawm qhov deb, yog ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab uas qhia txog kev ua tib zoo thiab kev txawj ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse Greek.
Xaus
Cov qauv vaj tsev Greek qub, nrog nws cov kem zoo nkauj, tsis yog tsuas yog ua cov kev txhawb nqa xwb tab sis kuj yog qhov qhia txog kev zoo nkauj, lub zog, thiab lub cim ntawm zej zog. Doric, Ionic, thiab Corinthian yog peb qhov kev tsim qauv tseem ceeb uas tau muaj sia nyob txog niaj hnub no thiab txuas ntxiv txhawb cov kws kes duab vajtse thoob ntiaj teb. Los ntawm lawv qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev zoo nkauj, cov qauv vaj tsev Greek qub tau tso ib qho keeb kwm ntev, ua rau lawv yog cov cim ntawm cov kev ua tiav siab tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kev kos duab ntawm kev tsim kho. Los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv kawm thiab txaus siab rau cov qauv vaj tsev Greek qub, peb tuaj yeem txaus siab rau qhov zoo nkauj thiab qhov tob ntawm kev xav uas muaj nyob hauv txhua tus kem thiab cov qauv.
