Cov txheej txheem rau kev ua cov duab puab nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv
Cov duab puab tsis yog cov khoom siv zoo ib yam li marble, teak, lossis tooj liab lawm. Hauv kev txhim kho cov duab kos niaj hnub thiab niaj hnub no, cov kws kos duab tab tom tshawb nrhiav cov khoom siv lwm yam - los ntawm ntawv, yas, hlau pov tseg, mus rau cov khoom siv organic - los tsim cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, tsim nyog, thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig. Cov khoom siv lwm yam qhib qhov chaw dav rau kev sim: lawv pheej yig dua, yooj yim nrhiav tau, thiab muab cov qauv thiab cov duab uas tsis ib txwm ua tau nrog cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov duab puab nrog cov khoom siv lwm yam, txij li theem npaj mus rau theem ua tiav, ua tiav nrog cov lus qhia txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ruaj khov.
1. Nkag Siab Txog Lub Tswv Yim thiab Cov Yam Ntxwv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv
Ua ntej pib tsim ib daim duab puab, thawj kauj ruam yog nkag siab txog lub tswv yim thiab xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog. Txhua yam khoom muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab qhov zoo nkauj. Piv txwv li, cov ntawv cardboard thiab daim ntawv feem ntau tsis hnyav thiab yooj yim hloov pauv, tab sis yooj yim rau dej noo. Cov hlau thiab cov hlau seem muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, tab sis xav tau cov cuab yeej txiav thiab cov txheej txheem sib txuas. Yas yooj yim rau cua sov thiab ua kom zoo nkauj, tab sis qee hom tsim cov pa phem yog tias ua tsis raug.
Thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv lwm yam, xav txog ntau yam: lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm (kho kom zoo nkauj, teeb tsa, kev kawm), qhov chaw tso (sab hauv tsev lossis sab nraum zoov), lub sijhawm ntawm kev nthuav qhia (ib ntus lossis tas mus li), thiab cov lus xav tau. Ntau cov duab puab pov tseg tsis yog tsuas yog tsim rau qhov zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj yog los daws cov teeb meem ib puag ncig, kev siv ntau dhau, lossis kev hloov pauv huab cua.
2. Cov Txuj Ci Tsim Kho nrog Lub Ncej (Armature)
Cov ntaub ntawv siv lwm yam feem ntau xav tau lub thav duab kom ntseeg tau tias daim duab puab ruaj khov. Lub thav duab, lossis armature, yog cov qauv tseem ceeb uas txhawb nqa daim duab tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov khoom siv yog lub teeb lossis yoog tau.
Cov ntaub ntawv thav duab feem ntau:
- Aluminium los yog galvanized hlau
- Hlau nyias, yeeb nkab PVC
- Ntoo yooj yim
- Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau thiab cov ntawv tuab
Cov theem ntawm cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa:
1. Kos ib daim duab kos yooj yim (saib pem hauv ntej thiab sab) los txiav txim seb muaj pes tsawg daim.
2. Ua kom lub thav duab tseem ceeb zoo li daim duab ntawm lub pej thuam.
3. Ua kom cov khoom uas ris tau hnyav (ceg, cov pob qij txha, thiab cov pob qij txha).
4. Ntxiv cov thav duab me me rau cov ntsiab lus xws li cov duab ntawm tes, lub taub hau, lossis tus tw.
Cov khoom siv sib txuas pab tswj kom cov duab puab sib npaug thiab pab txhawb kev txuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li ntawv, ntaub, lossis lwm yam yas. Cov txheej txheem no kuj siv dav hauv cov duab puab tib neeg lossis tsiaj txhu.
3. Papier-Mâché Technique (Paper Pulp)
Papier-mâché yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem nrov tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov duab puab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv, vim nws pheej yig, yooj yim, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem muaj zog heev thaum ziab zoo.
Cov ntaub ntawv xav tau:
– Ntawv xov xwm los yog ntawv siv lawm
- Kua nplaum dawb (PVAc) los yog hmoov nplej thiab dej sib tov ua ke
- Dej, thawv, txhuam
- Ncej (balloon, hlau, cardboard, los yog styrofoam puag)
Cov Kauj Ruam:
1. Rhuav daim ntawv ua tej daim me me (zoo dua li txiav kom cov qauv sib xyaw).
2. Ua ib qho sib tov ntawm cov kua nplaum thiab dej los yog ib qho hmoov nplej.
3. Muab daim ntawv tso rau hauv dej, ces muab lo ua ntau txheej rau ntawm tus ncej.
4. Rov ua dua kom txog thaum qhov tuab txaus (feem ntau yog 5–10 txheej kom muaj zog).
5. Qhuav tag ua ntej nkag mus rau theem xuab zeb lossis pleev xim.
Qhov zoo ntawm papier-mâché yog nws qhov yooj ywm: nws tuaj yeem tsim tau nrog ob qho tib si du thiab ntxhib. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum lub sijhawm ziab kom tiv thaiv pwm.
4. Kev Sib Dhos: Sib Dhos Cov Khoom Siv Lawm
Kev sib sau ua ke yog ib txoj kev kos duab uas muaj kev npaj, sib xyaw, thiab nplaum ntau yam khoom rau hauv cov duab tshiab. Cov txheej txheem no zoo heev rau kev siv cov khib nyiab hauv tsev, xws li lub raj mis yas, lub hau fwj, cov riam siv lawm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lossis cov ntoo.
Cov kauj ruam dav dav:
1. Txheeb xyuas lub ntsiab lus thiab cov duab yooj yim. Piv txwv li, ua ib daim duab noog los ntawm cov diav yas thiab hlau.
2. Cais cov khoom xyaw raws li qhov loj me, xim, thiab cov qauv.
3. Npaj cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm cov khoom loj mus rau cov khoom me.
4. Siv cov kua nplaum kub, epoxy, cov hlua khi, cov ntsia hlau me me, lossis cov txheej txheem vuam (yog tias cov khoom siv yog hlau).
5. Xyuas kom tseeb tias qhov txuas ntawd muaj zog thiab tsis yooj yim tawg.
Cov duab puab sib sau ua ke muaj zog heev vim lawv nthuav tawm "zaj dab neeg" los ntawm cov khoom uas tau ua haujlwm rau lwm lub hom phiaj yav dhau los. Cov duab puab no feem ntau txaus nyiam vim lawv cov ntsiab lus tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv.
5. Kev Txiav thiab Txiav Cov Khoom Mos
Dhau li ntawm kev sib dhos, lwm cov ntaub ntawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem txiav lossis txiav zoo li ntoo lossis pob zeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub ntawv mos xws li ua npuas ncauj, styrofoam, xab npum, quav ciab, lossis av nplaum hluavtaws.
Piv txwv li cov txheej txheem:
– Kev txiav ua los ntawm Styrofoam/ua npuas dej: siv lub tshuab txiav, riam txiav, lossis lub tshuab txiav hlau kub los ua lub ntim.
- Xab npum txiav: tsim nyog rau kev xyaum cov duab yooj yim thiab cov ntsiab lus me me.
- Cov quav ciab: tuaj yeem ua duab puab thiab yaj dua rau kev rov ua dua.
Rau kev ua kom tiav, Styrofoam feem ntau yog siv cov resin, kua nplaum ntoo, lossis xim acrylic los ua kom qhov chaw ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau ceev faj, vim tias qee cov tshuaj pleev xim tuaj yeem noj Styrofoam. Xaiv cov xim uas muaj dej kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
6. Cov Txuj Ci Casting Nrog Lwm Cov Khoom Siv
Yog tias koj xav tsim ib daim duab puab uas rov ua dua lossis muaj cov ntsiab lus zoo, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem molding. Lwm txoj hauv kev suav nrog plaster, cement lightweight, lossis resin (txawm hais tias resin feem ntau kim dua).
Cov txheej txheem yooj yim:
1. Ua ib tug qauv pib (piv txwv li, los ntawm av nplaum).
2. Ua ib lub pwm los ntawm silicone, plaster, lossis latex.
3. Ncuav cov khoom siv xws li plaster lossis cement.
4. Tshem tawm ntawm pwm tom qab nws tawv lawm.
5. Xuab zeb thiab ua kom tiav raws li qhov xav tau.
Cov txheej txheem casting tsim cov txiaj ntsig tseeb thiab rov ua dua, tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom ntau zaus lossis kho kom zoo nkauj.
7. Cov nplaum, Cov pob qij txha, thiab Cov Khoom Siv Txhawb Nqa
Hauv cov duab puab uas siv lwm yam khoom, lub zog feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txuas. Xaiv cov nplaum raws li cov khoom siv:
- Phom nplaum: ceev, haum rau cov yas sib dua thiab cov ntawv cardboard.
– Kua nplaum dawb (PVAc): zoo rau ntawv thiab ntoo.
- Epoxy: muaj zog rau cov yas tawv thiab cov hlau.
- Hlau/ntsia hlau: kev sib txuas khoom siv kho tshuab ruaj khov dua.
Cov khoom siv ntxiv tuaj yeem suav nrog cov ntaub thiab cov kua nplaum (zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem fiberglass yooj yim), lossis cov xim pleev xim thiab cov xim pleev xim tiv thaiv. Rau cov haujlwm sab nraum zoov, kev tiv thaiv dej thiab UV yog qhov tseem ceeb.
8. Kev Ua Tiav: Cov Qauv, Xim, thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv
Kev ua kom tiav txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm lub duab puab. Theem no yuav suav nrog:
- Xuab zeb kom du qhov chaw
- Siv cov tshuaj primer (base) kom cov xim lo rau ruaj khov.
- Xim acrylic los yog xim tsuag (xaiv ib qho uas sib xws nrog cov khoom siv)
- Cov xim pleev xim los yog cov xim pleev kom pom tseeb rau kev tiv thaiv
Ntxiv rau xim, koj tuaj yeem siv xuab zeb me me, ntaub, sawdust, lossis kua nplaum thiab hmoov ntawv sib xyaw ua ke los ua kom cov qauv zoo nkauj dua. Qhov tiav kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog ntuj, khaws cov xim qub ntawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab kom pom tseeb nws tus cwj pwm rov ua dua tshiab.
9. Kev Nyab Xeeb Ib puag ncig thiab Kev Ncaj Ncees
Ua haujlwm nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv tseem xav tau kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb. Hnav lub npog ntsej muag thaum xuab zeb, hnab looj tes thaum siv epoxy lossis resin, thiab ua kom cov yas sov rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj cua nkag tau zoo. Tsis txhob hlawv cov yas, vim nws tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj lom.
Los ntawm kev xav txog kev ncaj ncees, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab huv si. Cov khib nyiab kuj yuav tsum tau cais tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj cov hlau hnyav.
Kev kaw
Cov txheej txheem kos duab siv cov khoom siv sib txawv ua ke muaj kev muaj tswv yim, kev nkag siab rau cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev txawj ntse. Nrog lub thav duab muaj zog, cov txheej txheem ua kom raug, cov pob qij txha ruaj khov, thiab qhov tiav zoo nkauj, cov khoom siv yooj yim xws li ntawv pov tseg, yas, lossis hlau seem tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus ua cov duab puab muaj nqis heev. Ntau tshaj li txoj hauv kev txuag nyiaj, cov duab puab siv lwm yam tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw rau kev thuam hauv zej zog, kev sib tw ib puag ncig, lossis kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab ntawm daim ntawv. Rau cov neeg pib tshiab thiab cov kws kos duab paub dhau los, lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv muab lub sijhawm tsis muaj kev txwv los sim thiab tshawb pom tus kheej style.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem pab koj tsim ib qho version ntawm tsab xov xwm no nrog cov piv txwv project ib kauj ruam zuj zus (piv txwv li, cov duab puab tsiaj los ntawm lub raj mis yas lossis cov duab puab ntsej muag los ntawm papier-mâché), ua tiav nrog cov npe cuab yeej thiab cov sijhawm kwv yees.
