Cov Txuj Ci Luam Ntawv Lithography rau Kev Kos Duab
Lithography yog ib txoj kev luam ntawv uas muaj keeb kwm ntev hauv ntiaj teb ntawm kev kos duab. Cov txheej txheem no paub txog nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov kab zoo, cov suab nrov sib txawv, thiab cov cim pom sib txawv - los ntawm cov kab mos mos mus rau cov qauv qhia tawm. Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem luam ntawv xws li ntoo txiav lossis kev luam ntawv intaglio xws li etching, lithography ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab cai yooj yim: dej thiab roj sib cais. Cov ntsiab cai no ces dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev theej cov duab ntawm daim ntawv, ob qho tib si dub thiab dawb thiab xim.
Keeb Kwm Luv Luv ntawm Lithography
Kev siv tshuab luam ntawv lithography tau tsim nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm xyoo pua 18th los ntawm Alois Senefelder, tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus tsim khoom German. Thaum xub thawj, lithography tau tsim los ua ib txoj hauv kev los luam cov ntawv thiab cov duab rau kev luam tawm vim tias nws sai dua thiab pheej yig dua li lwm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, dhau sijhawm, ntau tus kws kos duab siv lithography ua ib qho chaw rau kev qhia tawm kos duab. Hauv xyoo pua 19th thiab 20th, lithography tau nrov ntawm cov kws kos duab European, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm, cov duab kos, thiab cov duab kos duab tsawg tsawg. Cov kws kos duab xws li Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec tau paub dav rau nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm lithographic, uas muaj zog hauv kev tsim qauv thiab xim.
Cov Ntsiab Cai Tseem Ceeb ntawm Lithography
Tus yuam sij rau lithography yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv roj (roj) thiab dej. Qhov chaw ntawm lithography cliche - feem ntau yog limestone lossis ib lub phaj hlau xws li txhuas - yog npaj rau hauv txoj kev uas thaj chaw duab tuaj yeem "ntes" cov kua roj, thaum thaj chaw tsis yog duab tawm tsam cov kua vim nws khaws cov dej.
Hauv ntej, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog:
- Thaj chaw duab yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv roj (piv txwv li cov xim lithography lossis tusche ink).
- Cov cheeb tsam uas tsis yog duab raug kho kom zoo li cov hydrophilic (nyiam dej).
- Thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv, qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ntub dej ua ntej kom thaj chaw uas tsis yog duab nqus tau dej.
- Tom qab ntawd cov kua roj yuav dov rau ntawm qhov chaw; cov kua tsuas yog lo rau ntawm thaj chaw duab xwb.
Txoj ntsiab cai yooj yim no tso cai rau tus kws kos duab kos duab ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pob zeb / phaj, yog li lithography feem ntau zoo li ze rau qhov kev kos duab dua li lwm cov txheej txheem duab uas yog "sculpting" lossis "etching" lub phaj.
Cov Cuab Yeej thiab Cov Khoom Siv Uas Siv Ntau
Hauv kev xyaum lithography, cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no feem ntau siv:
1. Pob zeb lithography lossis phaj txhuas
Pob zeb muab cov ntawv luam tawm zoo heev thiab ruaj khov, tab sis nws hnyav thiab xav tau kev saib xyuas. Cov phaj txhuas siv tau zoo dua, tsis hnyav, thiab tsim nyog rau cov studio uas muaj cov chaw tsawg.
2. Cov xim pleev xim thiab cov duab kos
Cov xim pleev xim lithography muaj ntau qib nyuaj, ua rau cov kab sib txawv. Tusche (kua kua) tso cai rau ntau cov txhuam txhuam, gradients, thiab textures.
3. Cov roj hmab arabic thiab kua qaub (etch)
Ib qho sib tov ntawm cov gum arabic thiab me ntsis kua qaub (feem ntau yog nitric acid rau ntawm lub pob zeb lossis cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau ntawm lub phaj) yog siv los "xauv" daim duab thaum ua rau cov cheeb tsam uas tsis yog daim duab txais dej.
4. Lub tshuab luam ntawv (brayer/roller)
Yuav kom siv cov kua lithography kom sib npaug.
5. Cov kua mem luam tawm
Ib tug cwj mem tshwj xeeb uas tuab thiab roj, muaj ntau yam xim.
6. Tshuab luam ntawv lithography
Siv los nias kom xa cov kua mem mus rau daim ntawv. Qee lub studio yuav siv lub tshuab nias tshwj xeeb lossis lwm txoj hauv kev siv tes, txawm hais tias cov txiaj ntsig yuav txawv.
7. Luam ntawv
Feem ntau cov ntawv kos duab zoo, xws li ntawv paj rwb lossis ntawv duab tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem nqus tau cov kua mem zoo.
Cov Theem ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Luam Ntawv Lithography
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem nyob ntawm lub studio thiab hom cliche, cov theem pib ntawm lithography feem ntau suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
1. Kev Npaj Nto
Yog tias siv pob zeb, qhov chaw yuav tsum tau txhuam thiab ua kom du ua ntej kom tshem tawm cov duab yav dhau los thiab ua tiav cov qauv xav tau. Rau cov phaj txhuas, qhov chaw kuj tau npaj los txais cov duab thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg tom qab.
2. Kev Tsim Duab
Cov kws kos duab kos ncaj qha rau ntawm lub pob zeb lossis lub phaj siv cov xim lithographic, cov cwj mem lithographic, lossis cov duab kos. Nyob rau theem no, kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais tawm yog ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lithography, vim tias cov kws kos duab tuaj yeem tsim cov kab, cov kab txaij, cov kab kos, thiab txawm tias cov teebmeem "ntxuav" zoo li xim dej.
3. Txheej Txheem Etching (Duab Xauv)
Thaum daim duab tiav lawm, qhov chaw ntawd yuav raug pleev nrog cov gum arabic sib xyaw nrog cov kua qaub tshwj xeeb. Lub hom phiaj yog:
- Ua kom thaj chaw duab muaj zog dua kom nws "txais" kua mem ntau dua.
- Ua rau cov cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj duab hydrophilic yog li lawv khaws dej.
Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo vim tias qhov muaj zog dhau tuaj yeem ua rau daim duab puas tsuaj, thaum qhov tsis muaj zog dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov kua mem "smear" cov chaw dawb paug.
4. Tshem Tawm Cov Duab (Ntxuav Tawm)
Hauv qee txoj kev, cov roj uas pom ntawm qhov chaw ces ntxuav tawm siv cov tshuaj yaj, tab sis nws cov tshuaj "kab" tseem nyob hauv, ua rau thaj chaw ntawd oleophilic (txais tos cov roj-raws li inks). Qhov no feem ntau yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv lithography: daim duab zoo li ploj mus, tab sis qhov tseeb tau khaws cia los ntawm tshuaj lom neeg.
5. Kev ntub dej thiab kev kos duab
Ua ntej txhua zaus luam tawm, lub pob zeb/phaj yuav tsum tau ntub nrog ib daim phuam ntub dej lossis daim ntaub ntub dej. Cov dej yuav nyob rau ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas tsis yog duab. Tom qab ntawd, lub tshuab dov kua mem yuav raug dov ntau zaus kom txog thaum kua mem lo rau cov cheeb tsam duab.
Qhov sib npaug ntawm dej thiab kua mem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov kawg. Dej ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov kua mem nyuaj rau lo rau. Dej tsawg dhau yuav ua rau cov kua mem pleev xim rau ntawm cov chaw dawb paug.
6. Cov Txheej Txheem Luam Ntawv
Daim ntawv raug muab tso rau ntawm lub pob zeb/phaj thiab tom qab ntawd nias. Qhov siab kom raug yuav xa cov kua mem los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv mus rau daim ntawv. Tom qab luam ntawv, daim ntawv raug tsa maj mam thiab ziab. Cov txheej txheem no rov ua dua rau txhua tsab.
Xim Lithography thiab Kev Sau Npe Systems
Lithography tsis yog tsuas yog dub thiab dawb xwb. Yuav kom tsim tau cov xim luam tawm, muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb:
– Ntau lub phaj/ntau lub pob zeb: txhua xim siv ib lub pob zeb/phaj sib cais. Daim ntawv raug luam tawm ntau zaus hauv ib qho xim sib law liag.
- Faib lub qhov dej / dov xim: ntau xim raug muab tso rau hauv ib lub dov cwj mem / thaj chaw los tsim cov xim hloov pauv, tab sis kev tswj hwm nyuaj dua.
Hauv kev luam xim, kev sau npe (qhov chaw tseeb ntawm cov xim) yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Cov kws kos duab feem ntau siv cov cim sau npe los xyuas kom meej tias txhua txheej xim poob rau tib qho chaw.
Cov Zoo thiab Cov Teeb Meem ntawm Lithography
Tshaj:
- Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov kab thiab cov qauv yog nplua nuj heev, nws zoo li ntuj tsim zoo li kos duab tes.
- Haum rau cov ntsiab lus me me thiab cov cheeb tsam dav dav.
- Muaj peev xwm ua tau cov ntawv tsawg nrog qhov zoo sib xws.
Tantangan:
- Yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg.
- Cov txheej txheem no siv sijhawm ntev thiab xav tau kev ua tib zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov sib npaug ntawm dej thiab kua mem.
- Cov pob zeb lithography hnyav thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev tuav yog tsis muaj cov cuab yeej txaus.
Lithography hauv Kev Xyaum Luam Ntawv Niaj Hnub
Nyob rau lub caij nyoog niaj hnub no, lithography tseem ceeb. Ntau lub studio duab sib xyaw lithography nrog lwm cov txheej txheem xws li kev luam ntawv, monoprint, thiab txawm tias cov ntsiab lus digital - piv txwv li, tsim cov duab kos digital, tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau lub phaj lithography rau kev luam ntawv tes. Txoj hauv kev no nthuav dav cov kev pom tau thaum tswj hwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lithography: txhua daim ntawv luam tawm khaws nws qhov kev xav ua tes.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, feem ntau cov tshuab luam ntawv lithography raug xaiv rau cov haujlwm sib koom tes ntawm cov kws kos duab thiab cov neeg luam ntawv tshaj lij (cov neeg luam ntawv loj). Kev koom tes no tso cai rau kev tshawb nrhiav tob dua, suav nrog kev siv ntau hom ntawv sib txawv, cov kua tshwj xeeb, thiab kev sim cov qauv uas tsis yooj yim ua tiav nrog lwm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv.
Kev kaw
Lithography muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev luam ntawv, sib txuas cov qauv zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntsiab cai tshuaj lom neeg nrog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev kos duab ncaj qha. Txij li nws keeb kwm ua ib qho thev naus laus zis rov ua dua mus rau nws lub luag haujlwm ua ib qho chaw rau kev qhia tawm kos duab, lithography muaj ntau yam kev pom - rau ob qho tib si cov haujlwm monochrome me me thiab cov xim sib xyaw ua ke. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov ntsiab cai yooj yim, cov kauj ruam txheej txheem, thiab cov teeb meem koom nrog, cov kws kos duab tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav lithography ua ib qho chaw nplua nuj, classic uas tseem muaj zog hauv kev xyaum luam ntawv niaj hnub no.
