Nā Algorithms Routing ma nā Pūnaewele
He ʻano koʻikoʻi ka routing o ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana o ka pūnaewele kamepiula. Pili ka routing i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ala kūpono a i ʻole ke ala mai kekahi wahi a i kekahi wahi i loko o kahi pūnaewele. ʻO ka algorithm routing ke kaʻina hana i hoʻohana ʻia e nā routers e hoʻoholo i ke ala maikaʻi loa i loko o kahi pūnaewele. E ʻimi kēia ʻatikala i nā algorithms routing like ʻole e pāʻani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hana pūnaewele, me ka distance vector, link-state, a me nā algorithms hybrid.
Pendahuluan
Ma kahi pūnaewele kamaʻilio, pono ka ʻikepili e hele ma waena o kekahi mau wahi waena e hiki ai i kona hopena hope loa. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia o kēia mau wahi he node, a ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻikepili ma waena o kēia mau node e pono ai kahi algorithm routing. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi algorithm routing, hiki i kahi router ke hoʻoholo i ke ala kūpono a wikiwiki loa no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā pākēkē ʻikepili.
Hana nā algorithm routing ma muli o kekahi mau ana e like me ka mamao, ke kumukūʻai, ka bandwidth, ka lohi, ka ukana, a me nā mea hou aku. He mea nui ke koho ʻana i ka algorithm routing kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka pono a me ka hilinaʻi o ka pūnaewele.
Nā Māhele Algorithm Routing
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā algorithms routing i kekahi mau ʻano e pili ana i kekahi mau pae hoʻohālikelike, e like me ke ʻano hoʻopou hou ʻike, ke ʻano pūnaewele i kākoʻo ʻia, a me nā palena hoʻonui.
1. Algorithm Vector mamao
ʻO ka algorithm Distance Vector kekahi o nā ʻano hana mua loa a maʻalahi hoʻi no ke ala ʻana. ʻO kahi laʻana kaulana o kēia algorithm ʻo ia ka Routing Information Protocol (RIP).
Nā Kumumanaʻo Kumu
Hana kēia algorithm ma ka mālama ʻana i kēlā me kēia mīkini ala hele i kahi papa kuhikuhi ala e loaʻa ana kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā ala hiki ke hele a hōʻike i nā mamao i nā wahi kikoʻī. Hoʻopou hou ʻia kēia mau papa i kēlā me kēia manawa ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻike ala i nā hoalauna o ka mīkini ala hele. ʻEkolu mau ʻanuʻu nui o ke kaʻina hana hoʻopou hou:
– Hoʻomaka ʻana: ʻIke kēlā me kēia mīkini ala hele i ka mamao iā ia iho he ʻole a ʻo ka mamao i kekahi mīkini ala hele ʻē aʻe i pili pono iā ia ke kumukūʻai o kēlā loulou.
– Hoʻololi Alanui: Hoʻouna pinepine kēlā me kēia mīkini ala i kāna papa ala i nā mīkini ala e pili ana.
– Nā Hoʻohou Papa: Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mīkini ala hele ka ʻike mai kona mau hoalauna a, inā loaʻa iā ia kahi ala pōkole i kahi e hele ai, hoʻohou i kāna papa ala hele.
ʻO nā pono a me nā pōʻino
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka algorithm Distance Vector ʻo kona maʻalahi. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā hemahema, e like me nā pilikia lohi o ka hui ʻana a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili i nā ala, kahi e hoʻopili mau ai ka ʻikepili ma o ka pūnaewele me ka ʻole o ka hiki ʻana i kona wahi i manaʻo ʻia.
2. Algorithm Moku'āina Hoʻohui
No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā nāwaliwali o ka Distance Vector, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā algorithm Link State. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēia hoʻokō algorithm ʻo Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).
Nā Kumumanaʻo Kumu
Ma kēia algorithm, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia router kahi kiʻi piha o ka topology pūnaewele a helu i ke ala maikaʻi loa e pili ana i kēlā ʻike. ʻO nā ʻanuʻu laulā ma ka algorithm Link State:
– Hoʻomaka ʻana: Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia mīkini ala hele i kahi mokuʻāina loulou me kona mau hoalauna koke, me ke kumukūʻai o ka loulou.
– Hoʻololi ʻIke: Hoʻolaha nā mea hoʻohele i ka ʻike mokuʻāina loulou i nā mea hoʻohele ʻē aʻe a pau ma ka pūnaewele ma o nā pākēkē Link State Advertisements (LSA).
- Ka Hoʻokumu ʻana i ka Palapala ʻĀina Pūnaewele: Me nā LSA i loaʻa, kūkulu kēlā me kēia mea hoʻopili i kahi palapala ʻāina pūnaewele piha.
– Ka Helu ʻana i ke Ala: Ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi palapala ʻāina pūnaewele piha, hoʻohana ʻia ka algorithm a Dijkstra a i ʻole kahi algorithm like e helu ai i ke ala pōkole loa i kahi e hele ai.
ʻO nā pono a me nā pōʻino
ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o nā algorithms link-state i ka hui ʻana a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī i nā loop routing. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o lākou a koi aku i nā kumuwaiwai hou aʻe, me ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka helu ʻana.
3. Algorithm Hybrid
Hoʻohui nā algorithms routing hybrid i nā mea maikaʻi loa o Distance Vector a me Link State. ʻO kahi laʻana o kahi algorithm hybrid ʻo ia ka Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP).
Nā Kumumanaʻo Kumu
ʻO EIGRP, no ka laʻana, hoʻohana i ka pae Distance Vector e hāʻawi i ka ʻike ala akā hoʻokomo pū kekahi i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona Link State, e like me nā hoʻopou hou ʻana o ka topology hapa a me ka helu hou ʻana hapa. ʻAe kēia iā EIGRP e:
– Hoʻopuka i ka hui ʻana wikiwiki ma mua o nā protocols Distance Vector maʻemaʻe.
– Hōʻalo i ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā protocol Link State.
ʻO nā pono a me nā pōʻino
Hāʻawi nā algorithms Hybrid i kahi kaulike ma waena o ka wikiwiki o ka hui ʻana a me ka pono o nā kumuwaiwai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kā lākou hoʻokō ʻana ma mua o ka algorithm Distance Vector maʻalahi.
Nā Palena Metrika ma ke Alanui
ʻO ke koho ʻana o ke ala kūpono e pili ana i kekahi mau ana i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ka algorithm routing:
– Ka mamao: Hoʻomaulia pinepine ʻia ma ka “hop count” a i ʻole nā lele ma waena o nā kikowaena.
– Bandwidth: Hāʻawi i nā ala me ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa.
– Lohi: E koho i kahi ala e pili ana i ka manawa huakaʻi liʻiliʻi loa.
– Hilinaʻi: E hoʻoikaika i nā ala paʻa a hilinaʻi hoʻi.
– Ukana: Hoʻokaʻawale like i ke kaʻa e pale aku i ka ukana nui.
ʻAe ka hapa nui o nā protocol routing hou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana o kekahi mau metric e hoʻoholo ai i ke ala maikaʻi loa.
Ka hopena
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā algorithm routing i ka pono a me ka hilinaʻi o nā pūnaewele kamepiula. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻoholo wale i ke ala kūpono no ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻikepili akā hoʻololi pū i nā loli o ka dynamics pūnaewele. ʻO ke koho maikaʻi loa o ka algorithm routing e pili ana i nā pono kikoʻī o ka pūnaewele i nīnau ʻia, me ka unahi, ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai, a i ʻole nā kumu ʻē aʻe.
I loko o kahi honua o nā pono kamaʻilio ʻikepili e loli mau nei, he mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo piha ʻana i nā algorithm routing a me kā lākou mau noi no nā poʻe loea pūnaewele. Me nā ʻano algorithm like ʻole i loaʻa, me Distance Vector, Link State, a me nā algorithm hybrid, aia kahi hopena i hana kūikawā ʻia no aneane kēlā me kēia pilikia pūnaewele.
