Pendahuluan
ʻO ke ʻano electromagnetic ka laulā piha o nā ʻano radiation electromagnetic āpau. ʻO ka radiation electromagnetic ka ikehu i hoʻopuka ʻia a omo ʻia e nā ʻāpana i hoʻopiʻi ʻia, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano nalu e like me ka hele ʻana ma ka lewa. Hoʻopuni kēia spectrum i nā ʻano nalu like ʻole, mai nā nalu lekiō lōʻihi loa a hiki i nā kukuna gamma pōkole loa. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka spectrum electromagnetic ma nā ʻano he nui o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā a me ka ʻenehana hou.
Nā ʻAno o ka Radiation ma ka Electromagnetic Spectrum
Ua māhele ʻia ke ʻano electromagnetic i kekahi mau māhele e pili ana i ka nalu a me ke alapine (frequency). He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano a me nā noi o kēlā me kēia māhele.
- Nā nalu lekiōʻO nā nalu lekiō ka lōʻihi loa o nā nalu ma ka spectrum electromagnetic, mai kekahi mau kenimika a i kekahi mau kilomita. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau nalu i nā kamaʻilio uea ʻole e like me ke lekiō, ke kīwī, a me nā kelepona paʻalima. Hoʻohana ʻia nā nalu lekiō i ka radar a me ka ʻenehana hoʻokele.
- Nā hawewe microwaveHe pōkole nā nalu o nā hawewe microwave ma mua o nā nalu lekiō, ma waena o 1 milimita a me 1 mika. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka meaʻai (e like me nā umu microwave), a me nā kamaʻilio uea ʻole a me ka radar. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi nā microwave i ka ʻenehana ukali a me Wi-Fi.
- Nā Nalu InfraredHe mau nalu ko nā nalu infrared ma waena o 700 nanometers a me 1 millimeter. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kēia mau nalu e ka maka kanaka akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he wela. Hoʻohana ʻia ka infrared i nā mana mamao, nā kāmela wela, a me nā noi lapaʻau like ʻole.
- Mālamalama ʻIke ʻiaʻO ke kukui ʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka spectrum electromagnetic i ʻike ʻia e ka maka kanaka, me nā nalu lōʻihi mai 400 a 700 nanometers. Aia kēia kukui i kahi spectrum o nā kala mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ka poni. ʻO ke kukui ʻike ʻia ka mea maʻa mau loa i nā kānaka no ka mea ʻo ia ke kukui a mākou e ʻike ai i kēlā me kēia lā.
- Ultraviolet (UV)He pōkole ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ka radiation ultraviolet ma mua o ke kukui ʻike ʻia, ma waena o 10 nanometers a me 400 nanometers. Hiki i ka radiation UV ke hoʻoulu i ka lā a hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi ʻili, akā he mea nui nō hoʻi ia no ka hana ʻana o ke kino i ka huaora D. Hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation UV i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, me ka sterilization a me ka ʻike forensic.
- X-rayHe mau nalu ko nā kukuna X ma waena o 0,01 a me 10 nanometers a hiki ke komo i loko o nā mea he nui i hiki ʻole i ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia, me nā ʻiʻo kanaka. He mea nui nā kukuna X i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ke kiʻi ʻana i nā hōʻailona, e like me ke radiography a me nā scan CT.
- Nā kukuna gammaʻO nā kukuna Gamma ka lōʻihi loa o nā nalu ma ka spectrum electromagnetic, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 0,01 nanometers. Hoʻopuka ʻia lākou e nā nuclei atomika i nā hopena nuklea a hiki ke komo i loko o nā mea āpau. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kukuna Gamma i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lako lapaʻau, a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema.
Nā noi a me nā hopena o ka Electromagnetic Spectrum
He nui nā hoʻohana o ka electromagnetic spectrum i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā a me ka ʻenehana. Eia kekahi mau laʻana koʻikoʻi:
- Ke kamaʻilio ʻanaʻO nā nalu lekiō a me nā microwave ke kumu o ke kamaʻilio ʻana o kēia au. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā hoʻolaha lekiō a me ke kīwī, nā kelepona paʻalima, a me nā kamaʻilio ukali. Me ka ʻole o kēia mau nalu, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka honua hou i pili.
- LapaauHe nui nā noi o ka radiation electromagnetic ma ke kahua lapaʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kukuna X no ke kiʻi diagnostic, ʻoiai hoʻohana ʻia nā kukuna gamma i ka radiotherapy e mālama i ka maʻi kanesa. Hoʻohana ʻia nā nalu infrared i ka thermography lapaʻau e ʻike i ka wela kino maʻamau ʻole.
- ʻOihanaHoʻohana ʻia nā microwave i ka hoʻomehana ʻoihana a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, a me nā umu microwave o ka home. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kukui ultraviolet no ka sterilization wai a me nā lako lapaʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kukui ʻike ʻia i nā ʻano kukui like ʻole a me nā noi hōʻike ʻike maka.
- PalekanaHoʻohana ʻia nā kukuna X a me nā kukuna gamma i ka nānā palekana ma nā kahua mokulele a me nā wahi lehulehu ʻē aʻe e ʻike i nā mea huna. Hoʻohana ʻia nā microwave i ka radar e ʻike a hahai i nā mea.
- ʻIke hōkūHoʻohana nā nānā ʻana o ka hōkū i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka spectrum electromagnetic e aʻo ai i ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Nānā nā telescope lekiō i nā nalu lekiō mai ka lewa, ʻoiai ʻo nā telescope X-ray a me gamma-ray e nānā i nā mea ikaika loa e like me nā lua ʻeleʻele a me nā hōkū neutron.
Nā Pilikia a me nā Pōʻino Hiki ke Loaʻa
ʻOiai ke hāʻawi nei ka spectrum electromagnetic i nā pono he nui, hōʻike pū ia i nā pilikia a me nā pōʻino e pono ai ka nānā ʻana. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kekahi ʻano radiation electromagnetic hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke olakino kanaka. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka radiation UV ke hana i ka maʻi ʻili, a ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kukuna X a me nā kukuna gamma hiki ke hōʻino i nā ʻiʻo o ke kino.
Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hoʻopilikia electromagnetic (EMI) ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana o nā mea uila. Hana ʻia ka EMI ke hoʻopilikia nā nalu electromagnetic mai kekahi mea hana i ka hana o kekahi. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i pilikia koʻikoʻi i nā ʻoihana mokulele, kamaʻilio, a me ke olakino, kahi e hiki ai i ka hoʻopilikia ke hana i nā hemahema koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana.
Ka hopena
ʻO ke ʻano electromagnetic kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā ʻenehana he nui a mākou e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia lā. Mai nā nalu lekiō e hiki ai ke kamaʻilio uea ʻole a hiki i nā kukuna X i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kiʻi lapaʻau, he mau noi koʻikoʻi nā ʻano like ʻole o ka radiation electromagnetic ma nā ʻano kahua like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo a hoʻokele i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka radiation electromagnetic. Me ka ʻike maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka spectrum electromagnetic, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana i kona mau pono me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā pilikia e pili ana.
