Ka Hoʻolaha ʻana o nā Flora a me nā Fauna ma ka Honua
Pendahuluan
He mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona o nā kaiaolaola o ka Honua, e kōkua ana i ka biodiversity. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko lāua ʻelua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike o ka ʻōnaehana ola a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lawelawe ʻōnaehana ola e pono ai ke ola kanaka. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona a puni ka honua e nā kumu like ʻole, me ke aniau, ka lepo, ke kiʻekiʻe, a me nā pilina me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala pehea e hoʻolaha ʻia ai nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona a puni ka honua, nā mea e hoʻohuli i ko lākou hoʻolaha ʻana, a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka biodiversity i ke ola ma ka Honua.
Ka Hoʻolaha ʻana o nā Mea Kanu o ke Ao
ʻO Flora ke ʻano o nā mea kanu āpau i loaʻa ma kahi ʻāina i hāʻawi ʻia. ʻOkoʻa loa ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā flora a puni ka honua, ma muli o nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni ma kēlā me kēia ʻāina. Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia nā wahi kanu honua i kekahi mau ʻano nui, e like me nā ululāʻau tropical, savannas, grassy, wao nahele, a me tundra, kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano kūikawā.
1. Ululāʻau Ua Tropical
Loaʻa nā ululāʻau ua wela a puni ka equator a ua kaulana lākou no ko lākou ʻano like ʻole o nā meaola like ʻole. Loaʻa iā lākou ka ua mau i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, e hana ana i kahi kūlana kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. Loaʻa nā ululāʻau ua wela ma nā wahi e like me ka Amazon ma ʻAmelika Hema, ka Congo ma ʻApelika, a me nā ʻāpana o Asia Hikina Hema, e like me Indonesia a me Malaysia. ʻO nā mea kanu e like me nā lāʻau dipterocarp, nā orchids, a me ka rattan kekahi mau laʻana o nā flora maʻamau o nā ululāʻau ua wela.
2. Savannah
He ʻōnaehana olaola ka savanna i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā lau nahele me kekahi mau lāʻau i hoʻopuehu ʻia, i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi tropical a me subtropical. ʻO ka savanna ʻApelika, nona nā ʻāina e like me Kenya a me Tanzania, ʻo ia kekahi o nā savannas kaulana loa o ka honua. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā mea kanu ma kēia wahi e ola i nā kūlana maloʻo a me nā wā maloʻo lōʻihi i kekahi manawa. ʻO nā acacias a me nā baobabs he mau laʻana o nā lāʻau i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā savannas.
3. ʻĀina mauʻu
Ua pālahalaha nui nā ʻāina mauʻu ma nā wahi me ka ua kaulike, maloʻo ma mua o nā ululāʻau akā ʻoi aku ka pulu ma mua o nā wao nahele. ʻO nā steppes o Asia Waena a me nā pāpū o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau he mau hiʻohiʻona o nā kaiaolaola mauʻu. ʻO nā mauʻu maloʻo, nā pua hihiu a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi he mau mea kanu maʻamau i loaʻa ma ʻaneʻi. He mea nui kēia flora no ka pale ʻana i ka lepo mai ka maʻalahi o ka ʻino ʻana.
4. Wao nahele
ʻO nā wao nahele nā wahi me ka ua haʻahaʻa loa a me nā kūlana kaiapuni ʻino. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā mea kanu wao nahele, e like me nā cacti a me kekahi mau succulents ʻē aʻe, e ola me ka wai liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO ka Wao nahele ʻo Sahara ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau a me ka Wao nahele ʻo Atacama ma ʻAmelika Hema he mau laʻana o ia ʻano kaiapuni. ʻO ka maʻamau, he mau aʻa lōʻihi ko nā mea kanu wao nahele e hiki ai i ka wai i loko o ka lepo a me nā lau liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe paha e hōʻemi i ka mahu ʻana o ka wai.
5. Tundra
He ʻōnaehana olaola ʻo Tundra me nā mahana haʻahaʻa loa a me kahi kau ulu pōkole, i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi polar. Maanei, ua paʻa pinepine ka honua, i ʻike ʻia ʻo permafrost. ʻO nā mea kanu Tundra he mosses, lichens, a me kekahi mau mauʻu a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka tundra Arctic ma ka ʻākau o Kanada a me Rusia kahi laʻana o kahi ʻāina tundra.
Ka Hoʻolaha ʻana o nā Manu o ka Honua
Hoʻopuni ka ʻiʻo holoholona i nā holoholona āpau e noho ana ma ka Honua, a ua hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou hoʻolaha ʻana e nā kumu he nui, e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, ke aniau, a me ka nohona. Pili pinepine ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā holoholona me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā flora, no ka mea, hilinaʻi nui nā holoholona i nā mea kanu no ka meaʻai a me ka hale noho.
1. Ululāʻau Ua Tropical
ʻO nā ululāʻau ua wela ka home o nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole, me nā primates, nā manu exotic, nā reptiles, a me nā ʻano pepeke like ʻole. ʻO nā microhabitats like ʻole i loko o kēia mau ululāʻau e ʻae i nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole e ola mai ka papahele o ka ululāʻau a hiki i ka canopy. ʻO nā mōneka, nā jaguars, kekahi mau ʻano nahesa ʻawaʻawa, a me nā toucans he mau laʻana o nā holoholona e noho ana i nā ululāʻau ua wela.
2. Savannah
ʻO nā Savannas, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ʻApelika, kahi noho o kekahi o nā ʻano mammal nui kaulana loa o ka honua, e like me nā ʻelepani, nā liona, nā giraffe, a me nā zebra. Ua ulu kēia mau holoholona e ola i nā wahi e maloʻo loa ai a hilinaʻi i ka neʻe ʻana e loaʻa ai ka wai a me ka meaʻai.
3. ʻĀina mauʻu
He home nā ʻāina mauʻu no nā ʻano holoholona he nui a me kā lākou mau mea ʻaihue. ʻO ka bison ʻAmelika, ka antelope, a me nā manu ʻaihue like ʻole e like me nā ʻaeto a me nā ʻiole he mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā kaiaolaola mauʻu. Hoʻokumu pinepine kēia mau holoholona i nā ʻohana nui e neʻe ana ma waena o nā mauʻu e ʻimi i ka meaʻai.
4. Wao nahele
Ma ka wao nahele, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā holoholona e like me nā kāmelo, nā moʻo, nā nahesa, a me nā coyote e kū i nā kūlana nele loa i ka wai. He nui nā holoholona wao nahele he poʻe nocturnal, e pale ana i ka lā wela i ke ao a e ʻimi ana i ka ʻai i ka pō. ʻO nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka metabolisms kūpono a me ka hiki ke mālama i ka wai i loko o ko lākou kino.
5. Tundra
ʻO nā holoholona tundra kekahi mau ʻano kūʻē i ke anu loa, e like me ka reindeer, nā bea pola, nā ʻīlio hae, a me nā ʻano manu like ʻole, e like me nā pueo hau a me nā swans. He huluhulu mānoanoa ko kēia mau holoholona a me nā papa momona e kōkua iā lākou e ola i nā mahana koʻikoʻi.
Ke Koʻikoʻi o ka Biodiversity
He mea nui ka ʻokoʻa o nā meaola no ke olakino o ko kākou honua. Hāʻawi nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona i ka hana olakino o nā ʻōnaehana ola, e hāʻawi ana i nā lawelawe koʻikoʻi e like me ka pollination, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai, ka lako meaʻai, a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike o nā kinoea i ka lewa. Eia kekahi, he waiwai waiwai a me ka moʻomeheu ko ka ʻokoʻa o nā meaola, e hāʻawi ana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi no nā kānaka a hoʻoulu i nā hana noʻeau a me ka ʻuhane.
Eia nō naʻe, ke kū nei ka biodiversity i nā hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi mai nā hana a kānaka, e like me ka luku ʻāina, ka haumia, ka loli o ke aniau, a me ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi nā hana mālama e pale i ka biodiversity a mālama i ke kaulike o ka ʻōnaehana ola. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi noho, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā wahi i pale ʻia, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka ʻike o ka lehulehu he mau ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi ia e hoʻokō ai i kēia pahuhopu.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā flora a me nā holoholona a puni ka honua ka hopena o kahi pilina paʻakikī ma waena o nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni a me ka ulu ʻana i nā miliona miliona mau makahiki. ʻAʻole wale kēia ʻano like ʻole he nani a kupaianaha, akā he mea nui hoʻi no ke ola ʻana o kānaka a me ka honua. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā flora a me nā holoholona, hiki iā mākou ke mahalo a mālama i kēia waiwai kūlohelohe no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana. ʻO nā hana mālama a me ka hoʻokele hoʻomau nā mea nui i ka hōʻoia ʻana e mālama ʻia ka biodiversity a me ka hana e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.
