He aha nā Plastics, Bioplastics, a pehea lākou i hana ʻia ai?
Ua lilo ka palakika i ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ko kākou ola hou. Mai ka ʻōpala meaʻai a hiki i nā ʻāpana kaʻa, hoʻohana ʻia ka palakika i nā ʻano hana like ʻole ma muli o kona versatility, māmā, kūpaʻa i ka pala, a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa e hana ai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kekahi o nā hemahema nui o ka palakika maʻamau ʻo ia kona hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaiapuni. Hana pinepine ʻia ka palakika maʻamau mai nā wahie fossil e like me ka petroleum, ʻaʻole hiki ke palaho ʻia e nā microorganisms a he mau haneli a he mau tausani mau makahiki e palaho maoli ai. Ua hoʻokele kēia hopohopo i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma ke kahua o nā bioplastics ma ke ʻano he koho ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kaiapuni.
He aha ka Palakiko?
He ʻano polymer ka palakiko, kahi hui kemika i haku ʻia me nā molekala nui i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi he nui i kapa ʻia he monomers. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau monomers ma nā ʻano like ʻole e hana i nā ʻano palakiko like ʻole me nā ʻano kino a me nā kemika like ʻole. ʻElua ʻano nui o nā palakiko: nā thermoplastics a me nā thermosets. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻololi hou ʻia nā thermoplastics, e like me ka polyethylene (PE) a me ka polypropylene (PP). Hoʻokahi wale nō ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā Thermosets, e like me Bakelite; ke paʻakikī lākou, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia.
He aha ka Bioplastic?
ʻO nā bioplastics nā ʻano plastik i hana ʻia ma kahi hapa a i ʻole holoʻokoʻa mai nā mea olaola e like me ka cornstarch, ke kō, a i ʻole ka ʻaila mea kanu. ʻElua mau ʻano nui o nā bioplastics:
1. Nā Bioplastics Biodegradable: Hiki ke wāwahi maoli ʻia kēia ʻano plastic e nā microorganism e like me ka bacteria, fungi, a i ʻole nā enzymes. ʻO kahi laʻana ʻo polylactide (PLA), i hana ʻia mai ka palaoa kulina.
2. Bioplastics i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka Bio: Hana ʻia kēia mau plastics mai nā mea maka hou akā ʻaʻole hiki ke palaho mau ʻia. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka polyethylene i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka bio, hiki ke hana ʻia mai ka ethanol i hana ʻia mai ke kō.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi o nā Bioplastics
1. Pilikino i ke Kaiapuni: Hoʻemi nā bioplastics i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā wahie fossil a hoʻemi i nā hoʻokuʻu kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana.
2. Biodegradable: Hiki i nā ʻano bioplastics he nui ke palaho maoli, e hōʻemi ana i ka pilikia o ka ʻōpala plastik.
3. Nā Kumuwaiwai Hou: Hiki ke loaʻa nā mea maka no nā bioplastics mai nā mea kanu hiki ke ulu hou ʻia, e lilo ia i kumuwaiwai hoʻomau.
4. Hoʻohālikelike me nā Kaʻina Hana Palakiko Kuʻuna: Hiki ke hana ʻia nā bioplastics he nui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana like a me nā mīkini e like me nā palakiko kuʻuna.
Pehea e hana ai i ka Bioplastic
Nā Mea Hoʻohui
No ka hana ʻana i ka bioplastic, pono ʻoe i kekahi mau mea kumu i maʻalahi ke loaʻa ma ka mākeke:
1. Mānoanoa Kulina: He kumu o nā polysaccharides biodegradable.
2. Wai: Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe.
3. Glycerin (Glycerol): Hana ma ke ʻano he plasticizer e hāʻawi i ka maʻalahi.
4. Winika (ʻAkika ʻAsetika): Hana ia e hoʻoheheʻe i ka starch.
He mea paahana
1. Ipu a ipu kuke paha
2. Kapuahi a i ʻole ke kumu wela
3. Pūno hoʻoulu
4. ʻŌpala a ʻili pālahalaha paha no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana
Nā ʻanuʻu no ka hana ʻana i nā Bioplastics
1. E hana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe: E kāwili i 1 punetēpē o ka palaoa kulina me 1 punetēpē o ka wai. E kāwili maikaʻi a ʻaʻohe puʻupuʻu.
2. Hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe: E hoʻohui i 1 punetēpē o ka glycerin a me 1 punetēpē o ka vīnega i ka hui ʻana o ka cornstarch a me ka wai. E hoʻowali maikaʻi.
3. Hoʻomehana: E kuke i ke kāwili ʻana ma luna o ke kapuahi ma luna o ka wela haʻahaʻa. E hoʻowali mau e pale i nā puʻupuʻu a e hōʻoia i ka hui maikaʻi ʻia o nā mea hoʻohui āpau.
4. E kali a mānoanoa: Ma hope o kekahi mau minuke, e hoʻomaka ka hui ʻana e mānoanoa a lilo i mea like me ka gel. E hoʻowali mau a hiki i ka hiki ʻana i ke ʻano i makemake ʻia.
5. Ke hana ʻana: E ninini i ka hui wela i loko o ka ʻōmole a hohola paha ma luna o kahi ʻili pālahalaha maʻemaʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka spatula e hohola like i ka hui ʻana.
6. Hoʻomaloʻo: E ʻae i ka bioplastic e maloʻo no kekahi mau hola a i ʻole i ka pō. Ke maloʻo, e paʻakikī ka bioplastic a mākaukau e hoʻohana.
Nā noi Bioplastic
He nui nā noi o nā bioplastics e like me:
1. Pūʻolo: Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka pūʻolo meaʻai a me ka mea inu ma muli o kona biodegradability.
2. Nā Huahana Hoʻolei ʻia: E like me nā ʻeke kūʻai, nā uhi meaʻai, a me nā mea ʻokiʻoki.
3. Nā Mea Lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau hoʻolei ʻia ma muli o kona mau waiwai biocompatible.
4. Mahiʻai: I ka hana ʻana i nā ipu uhi honua a me nā ipu mea kanu i hiki ke pala maoli.
Nā Pilikia a me ka Wā e Hiki Mai Ana o Bioplastics
ʻOiai ke hāʻawi nei nā bioplastics i nā pono he nui, aia kekahi mau pilikia e pono e lanakila ʻia:
1. Nā Kumukūʻai Hana: ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā bioplastics i kēia manawa ma mua o nā plastics maʻamau ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea maka a me nā kumukūʻai hana.
2. Nā Waiwai Mekanika: ʻAʻole paha i like ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa o kekahi mau bioplastics me nā plastics i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka fossil, e kaupalena ana i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau noi.
3. Biodegradability: ʻAʻole e pala koke nā bioplastics āpau, ma muli o nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni e like me ka mahana, ka haʻahaʻa, a me ke alo o nā microorganism.
Eia nō naʻe, me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike kaiapuni, ua manaʻolana ʻia e piʻi aʻe ka pono o ka hana ʻana i ka bioplastic a e emi iho nā kumukūʻai. Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi e hoʻomohala i nā bioplastics me nā waiwai i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia a me ke kūpono no nā noi like ʻole.
Ka hopena
Hāʻawi nā bioplastics i kahi hopena hou a hoʻomau i ka pilikia o ka ʻōpala plastik. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maka hou a hiki ke palaho, hoʻokumu nā bioplastics i ke kumu no kahi wā e hiki mai ana e pili ana i ke kaiapuni. ʻOiai aia nā pilikia e lanakila ai, nui loa ka hiki o nā bioplastics a hiki iā lākou ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokele waiwai pōʻai a me ka hoʻokele waiwai hoʻomau. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā bioplastics ʻaʻole wale e hāʻawi i nā pono kaiapuni akā wehe pū i nā manawa hou no ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻoihana a me ka hoʻonaʻauao lehulehu e pili ana i ka hoʻomau.
