ʻAtikala e pili ana i nā Thermometers a me nā unahi mahana
1. Nā Ana wela
ʻO ka mea hana i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke ana ʻana i ka mahana he ana wela. Nui nā ʻano ana wela, akā like ke kumu hana. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana mākou i nā mea thermometric, ke ʻano o ka mea e loli me ka mahana. Inā loli ka mahana o ka mea, loli pū ke ʻano, a me ka nui o ka mea. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā ana wela i nā mea hiki ke hoʻonui a hoʻemi paha i ka wā e loli ai ka mahana. ʻO nā ana wela i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia he mau paipu aniani, kahi i loaʻa ai ka waiʻona a i ʻole ka mercury ma waenakonu o ka paipu. Ke piʻi ka mahana, hoʻonui ka waiʻona a i ʻole ka mercury i loko o ka pahu i mea e piʻi ai ka lōʻihi o ke kolamu waiʻona a i ʻole ka mercury. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke emi ka mahana, emi ka lōʻihi o ke kolamu waiʻona a i ʻole ka mercury. Ma waho o ka paipu aniani, aia nā helu ʻo ia ka unahi o ka ana wela. ʻO ka helu i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kolamu waiʻona a i ʻole ka mercury e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai o ka mahana o ka mea e ana ʻia ana.
ʻO nā ʻano ana wela ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, ʻo ia nā ana wela e hoʻohana ana i nā pepa bimetallic (ʻelua mau metala o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā wikiwiki hoʻonui like ʻole). Ke piʻi ka mahana, ʻike kekahi metala i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana ma mua o kekahi metala. ʻO ka hopena, ua piʻo nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka maʻamau, he ʻōwili kahi ʻāpana bimetallic, kahi e waiho ai kekahi wēlau o ka ʻāpana, ʻoiai ua pili kekahi wēlau i ka hōʻailona unahi. Ke loli ka mahana, e wili ka pointer. ʻO nā ana wela e hoʻohana ana i nā pepa bimetal e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me nā ana wela ea, nā ana wela lumi, nā ana wela umu a pēlā aku. ʻO ka ana wela, ʻoi aku ka pololei a pololei paha, hoʻohana pinepine i nā waiwai uila o kahi mea.
2. Ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka Thermometer
ʻO ke ana ʻana o ka thermometer ke kaʻina hana o ke ana ʻana i kahi thermometer. Eia kekahi mau ʻanuʻu e ana ai i ka thermometer. ʻO ka mua, e hoʻomākaukau i kahi thermometer mercury a i ʻole thermometer waiʻona me ka ʻole o kahi unahi. ʻO ka lua, e hoʻomākaukau i ka hau. ʻO ke kolu, e hoʻomākaukau i ka wai. ʻO ka hā, e hoʻomākaukau i kahi mea hoʻomehana wai e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomehana i ka wai a paila. ʻO ka lima, e kau i ka hau a me ka wai i loko o kahi pahu (ua like ka nui o ka wai a me ka hau). Ma hope iho, e kau i ka thermometer i loko o kahi pahu me ka wai a me ka hau.
I ka wā mua, pili ka ana wela me ka ea i ʻoi aku ka wela o ka ana wela ma mua o ka hau. Ma hope o ke kau ʻia ʻana i loko o kahi pahu, e hoʻemi ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke kolamu o ka mercury no ka mea ua ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaʻalili o ka hui ʻana o ka wai a me ka hau. E waiho a hiki i ka loli ʻole o ka lōʻihi o ke kolamu o ka mercury (ʻaʻole e neʻe ka ʻili o ka mercury). Ke loli ʻole ka lōʻihi o ke kolamu o ka mercury, aia ka hui ʻana o nā pahu hau a me ka wai i ke kaulike wela. E kaha i ke kūlana o ke kolamu mercury (e kaha i ka hopena o luna o ke kolamu mercury). ʻO kēia ka mahana o ka hau a i ʻole ka pae hau o ka wai. ʻO ke ono, e hoʻolapalapa i ka wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻomehana uila. E hoʻokomo i ka ana wela i loko o kahi pahu me ka wai i hoʻomehana ʻia. Ke wela ka wai a piʻi paha ka mahana o ka wai, e piʻi pū ka lōʻihi o ke kolamu o ka mercury (neʻe ka ʻili o ka mercury i luna). Ma hope o ka paila ʻana o ka wai, e pau ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻili o ka mercury. E kaha i ka hopena o ke kolamu mercury. ʻO kēia ka mahana o ka pae paila o ka wai a i ʻole ka pae mahu.
Inā makemake ʻoe e hana i kahi unahi Celsius, ua māhele ʻia ka mamao ma waena o nā māka ʻelua i 100 mau laina, kahi e like ai ka mamao ma waena o kēlā me kēia laina. ʻO ka hōʻailona lalo = 0 o C, ʻoiai ʻo ka hōʻailona luna = 100 o C. E nānā i ke kiʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao. Pili ka mahana o ka hau hau a me ka mahana o ka mahu i ke kaomi ea. No laila, ʻo kahi ana wela i hoʻoponopono ʻia ma kahi me ke kaomi ea like ʻole e hāʻawi i nā hopena like ʻole. Hoʻoponopono ʻia nā ana wela Mercury i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ke kaomi lewa hoʻokahi i hiki ai i ka mahana hau o ka wai he 0 o C a ʻo ka mahana paila he 100 o C. ʻO nā ana wela maʻamau e like me nā ana wela mercury a i ʻole nā ana wela waiʻona he palena pinepine ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ana wela e ana i nā mahana haʻahaʻa loa (haʻahaʻa ma mua o 0 o C) a i ʻole nā mahana kiʻekiʻe loa (ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 o C).
3. Nā unahi mahana
I mea e hoʻohana ʻia ai kahi ana wela e ana i ka mahana, pono e hoʻonohonoho i kahi ana wela. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻelua mau ana wela, me ke ana Celsius a me ke ana Fahrenheit. ʻO kekahi inoa no ke ana Celsius ʻo ia ka ana centigrade. Centigrade = hoʻokahi haneli ʻanuʻu. ʻO ke ana wela koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua o ka ʻepekema ʻo ia ka ana piha a i ʻole ke ana Kelvin. E kūkākūkā ʻia ma hope e pili ana i ke ana Kelvin. Hoʻohana nā kiko paʻa o ke ana Celsius a me ke ana Fahrenheit i ka pae hau a me ka pae paila o ka wai. ʻO ke kiko hau o kahi mea ka mahana ma kahi e noho ai nā ʻano paʻa a me nā wai i ke kaulike wela. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kiko paila o kahi mea ka mahana ma kahi e noho ai ke ʻano wai a me ke ʻano kinoea i ke kaulike wela. Hoʻololi mau ke kiko hau a me ke kiko paila me ke kaomi o ka ea, no laila pono e hoʻoholo mua ʻia ke kaomi o ka ea. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana mākou i ke kaomi maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi 1 atm (hoʻokahi lewa). ʻO ka lewa hoʻokahi anakahi o ke kaomi ea.
3.1 Paepae Kelekia
ʻO ke kiko paʻa ma luna o ke anakahi Celsius e hoʻohana ana i ke kiko paila o ka wai maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ke kiko paʻa ma lalo o ke anakahi Celsius e hoʻohana ana i ke kiko hau o ka wai maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka mahana hau o ka wai maʻemaʻe (i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he kiko hau) he ʻole kekelē Celsius (0 oC) a ʻo ka mahana o ke kiko paila o ka wai maʻemaʻe (ʻike ʻia hoʻi he kiko mahu) he hoʻokahi haneli degere Celsius (100 oC). Ma waena o nā kiko hau a me nā kiko mahu, aia he 100 degere. I loko o nā ana wela e hoʻohana ana i ka unahi Celsius, ʻo kahi unahi mahana haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mahana o ka kiko hau e hōʻailona pinepine ʻia me kahi helu maikaʻi ʻole.
3.2 Fahrenheit Unahi
Makemake ʻo Fahrenheit i nā unahi mahana e maikaʻi. No laila, ua koho ʻo ia i 0 o F no ka mahana o ka hui ʻana o ka hau a me ka wai paʻakai (ʻo ka mahana anuanu loa e hiki ai i ka wai ke hiki). I ke ana ʻana i ka mahana o nā kiko hau a me nā kiko mahu, ʻo nā helu i hōʻike ʻia ma ka unahi Fahrenheit he mau hapa. ʻO ka hope loa, ua hoʻololi hou ʻo ia i ka unahi i lilo ka mahana o ka kiko hau a me ke kiko mahu i mau helu piha.
No ka unahi Fahrenheit, ʻo ka mahana hau o ka wai maʻemaʻe (kiko hau) he 32 degere Fahrenheit (32 oF) a ʻo ka mahana paila o ka wai maʻemaʻe (kiko mahu) he 212 degere Fahrenheit (212 oF). Ma waena o nā kiko hau a me ka mahu, aia he 180 degere. ʻO ka wai maʻemaʻe ka wai i hui ʻole ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe. H maʻemaʻe20. Ke ʻōlelo mākou i kahi mahana, kapa mākou iā ia ʻo Celsius (oC) a i ʻole Fahrenheit (oF). Laʻana: ka mahana o ka wai wela = 100 oC a i ʻole 180 oF. ʻO ka mahana o koʻu kino = 98 oF. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā mākou e ʻōlelo nei i ka loli o ka mahana a i ʻole ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana, a laila kapa mākou ia he kekelē Celsius (Co) a i ʻole ke kekelē Fahrenheit (Fo). Laʻana: ʻo ka mahana mua o ka wai he 20 oC. Ke hoʻomehana ʻia, loli ka mahana i 50 oC. No laila, ʻike ka wai i kahi loli mahana o 30 degere Celsius (30 Co).
