ʻO ke kumumanaʻo kūikawā o ka relativity - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā
1. Neʻe kahi mea nona ka lōʻihi he 60 m i ka wikiwiki o 0.6 c (c = ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama). Wahi a kahi mea nānā paʻa, he aha ka lōʻihi o ka mea?
ʻIke ʻia:
ʻO ka lōʻihi kūpono (L o ) = 60 mika
Ka wikiwiki o ka mea (v) = 0.6 c
Makemake ʻia: ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoemi ʻana (L)
c = ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama
L o = ka lōʻihi kūpono
L = ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka lōʻihi
ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka lōʻihi (L):
2. He hanana i nānā ʻia e kahi mea nānā kū no 12 kekona. He aha ka manawa o ka hanana, e like me ka mea nānā e neʻe ana ma ka wikiwiki o 0.8 c (c = ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama).
ʻIke ʻia:
ʻO ka manawa o ka hanana e like me ka mea nānā kūpaʻa (t s ) = 12 kekona
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka mea nānā (v) = 0.8 c
Makemake ʻia: ʻO ka manawa o ka hanana e like me ke kikowaena ob e neʻe ana ma ka wikiwiki o 0.8 c (t m )
Lōlā:
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike o ka hoʻonui manawa:
t s = ka wā ma waena e like me ka mea nānā paʻa
t m = ka manawa e like me ka mea nānā e neʻe ana
ʻO ka manawa ma waena e like me ka mea nānā e neʻe ana (t m ):
20 mau nīnau manaʻo a me nā pane e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo kūikawā o ka relativity:
1. Nīnau: He aha nā postulates kumu e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo kūikawā o ka relativity?
Pane: ʻO nā postulate ʻelua: (1) Ua like nā kānāwai o ke kino ma nā kiʻina kuhikuhi inertial āpau, a (2) ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama i loko o kahi hakahaka he mau a kūʻokoʻa i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kumu a i ʻole ka mea nānā.
2. Nīnau: Pehea e hana ʻia ai ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka manawa e like me ke kumumanaʻo kūikawā o ka relativity?
Pane: ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka manawa e pili ana i ka hanana kahi e neʻe mālie ai ka manawa no ka mea nānā e neʻe ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea e hoʻomaha ana, i hāʻawi ʻia e ka pilina Δt' = Δt/√(1 – v²/c²), kahi ʻo v ka wikiwiki pili a ʻo c ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama.
3. Nīnau: He aha ka lōʻihi o ka ʻūmiʻi?
Pane: Hōʻike ka hoʻoemi ʻana o ka lōʻihi he ʻano pōkole ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o kahi mea mai ka manaʻo o kahi mea nānā kūpaʻa, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kona lōʻihi kūpono i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai.
4. Nīnau: Pehea ka hopena o ke kumumanaʻo kūikawā o ka relativity i ka manaʻo o ka simultaneity?
Pane: ʻO nā hanana e ʻike ʻia ana i ka manawa like i kekahi mea nānā ʻaʻole paha e like me kekahi mea nānā ʻē aʻe e neʻe ana ma kahi wikiwiki ʻokoʻa. No laila, pili ka manawa like.
5. Nīnau: He aha ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo "nuipa relativistic"?
Pane: Pili ka nuipa relativistic i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nuipa kūpono o kahi mea i ka wā e hoʻokokoke aku ai kona wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama. Hāʻawi ʻia ia e m = m₀/√(1 – v²/c²), kahi ʻo m₀ ka nuipa hoʻomaha.
6. Nīnau: Pehea e hoʻopili ai ke kumumanaʻo kūikawā o ka relativity i ka ikehu a me ka nuipa?
Pane: Hāʻawi ʻia ka pilina e E = mc², e hōʻike ana he like ka ikehu (E) a me ka nuipa (m) a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kekahi i kekahi.
7. Nīnau: He aha ke koʻikoʻi o ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama (c) i loko o ke kumumanaʻo?
Pane: Ma ke kumumanaʻo kūikawā o ka relativity, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama ka wikiwiki loa e hiki ai i ka ʻike a i ʻole ka mea ke hele, a noho mau ia ma nā ʻōkuhi inertial āpau.
8. Nīnau: No ke aha i hiki ʻole ai i nā mea me ke kaumaha ke hiki a ʻoi aku paha i ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama?
Pane: Ke hoʻokokoke aku ka wikiwiki o kahi mea i ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama, piʻi aʻe kona nuipa relativistic, e koi ana i ka ikehu palena ʻole e hoʻolalelale iā ia i ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama ponoʻī.
9. Nīnau: Pehea e hana ai ka hoʻohui wikiwiki i ka relativity kūikawā?
Pane: ʻAʻole e like me ke ʻano hana mekanika kuʻuna, ʻaʻole hoʻohui pololei nā wikiwiki. Inā ʻo u ka wikiwiki o kekahi mea e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma kahi kiʻi e neʻe ana me ka wikiwiki v, a laila ʻo kona wikiwiki e like me ka mea nānā paʻa ʻo u' = (u + v) / (1 + uv/c²).
10. Nīnau: He aha ka hoʻololi ʻana o Lorentz?
Pane: ʻO nā hoʻololi Lorentz he mau haʻilula makemakika e hoʻopili ana i nā hoʻonohonoho ākea a me ka manawa o kahi hanana ma kekahi kiʻi inertial i nā mea ma kekahi e neʻe ana ma kahi wikiwiki mau e pili ana i ka mea mua.
11. Nīnau: Pehea ka hopena o ka relativity kūikawā i ka mālama ʻana i ka momentum?
Pane: Noho mau ka momentum, akā lilo ka wehewehe ʻana o ka momentum i mea relativistic, me ka factor o ka nuipa relativistic i hoʻonui ʻia: p = mv/√(1 – v²/c²).
12. Nīnau: Ua kūlike anei ke kumumanaʻo kūikawā o ka relativity me nā mechanics Newtonian?
Pane: ʻAe, no nā wikiwiki i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama, ua hui pū nā wānana o ka relativity kūikawā me nā wānana o Newtonian mechanics.
13. Nīnau: He aha ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka manawa i ka ʻelemakule?
Pane: ʻOi aku ka lohi o ka ʻelemakule o ke kanaka e holo ana ma ka wikiwiki relativistic ma mua o ka mea e noho paʻa ana. ʻO kēia ka "paradox māhoe" kahi e hele ai kekahi māhoe ma ka wikiwiki kokoke i ka mālamalama a hoʻi mai i ka wā ʻōpiopio ma mua o ka māhoe i noho ma hope.
14. Nīnau: Pehea e wehewehe hou ai ka relativity kūikawā i ka ikehu?
Pane: ʻO ka ikehu holoʻokoʻa ka huina o ka ikehu hoʻomaha o kahi mea (mc²) a me kona ikehu kinetic. ʻOiai i ka wā hoʻomaha, loaʻa i kahi mea ka ikehu ma muli o kona nuipa.
15. Nīnau: Hiki i kekahi mea ke holo wikiwiki ma mua o ka mālamalama e like me ke ʻano kūikawā?
Pane: ʻAʻole, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama ka palena wikiwiki honua. ʻO nā Tachyons, nā ʻāpana kuhiakau e holo wikiwiki ana ma mua o ka mālamalama, ʻaʻole kūlike me ke kumumanaʻo.
16. Nīnau: Pehea ka hopena o ka nuipa ma nā wikiwiki relativistic?
Pane: Ke hoʻokokoke aku ka wikiwiki o kahi mea i ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama, piʻi aʻe kona nuipa relativistic me ka palena ʻole, e koi ana i ka ikehu hou aʻe no ka hoʻolalelale hou aku.
17. Nīnau: He aha ke kuleana o ke kumumanaʻo o ke kumu ma ka relativite kūikawā?
Pane: ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ke kumu, kahi e hele ai ke kumu ma mua o ka hopena, e mālama ʻia ana i ka relativity kūikawā, ʻo ia ke kumu he mea nui ka palena o ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama.
18. Nīnau: He aha ka manawa ākea?
Pane: Hoʻohui ka manawa ākea i nā ana ʻekolu o ka lewa me ka ana ʻehā o ka manawa i loko o kahi hoʻomau ʻehā-dimensional, he mea nui no ke ʻano o ka relativity.
19. Nīnau: Pehea ka ʻike ʻana o ka relativite kūikawā i ka hakahaka a me ka manawa paʻa?
Pane: Hōʻole ka relativisme kūikawā i ke ola ʻana o ka hakahaka a me ka manawa paʻa. He pili nā mea ʻelua a hiki ke ʻokoʻa ma muli o ke kūlana o ka neʻe ʻana o kekahi.
20. Nīnau: He aha ka "kiʻina kuhikuhi inertial"?
Pane: ʻO kahi kiʻina kuhikuhi inertial kahi e noho mālie ai nā mea a neʻe paha i ka wikiwiki mau ke ʻole e hana ʻia e kahi ikaika o waho. He kiʻina ia e paʻa ai ke kānāwai mua o Newton no ka neʻe ʻana.
Ua hoʻololi ke kumumanaʻo kūikawā o ka relativity, i hoʻolauna ʻia e Albert Einstein, i ko mākou ʻike i ka lewa, ka manawa, ka ikehu, a me nā mea. Hoʻonui ʻia kona hopena i nā wahi he nui o ka physics hou a ua hōʻoia ʻia ma o ka hoʻokolohua.
