Ikehu hiki - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā

Ikehu hiki - nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā

Ikehu hiki ke hoʻouluulu ʻia

1. Ikehu 4900 Joules i hoʻohana ʻia e hāpai i kahi mea me ke kaumaha o 50 kg i ke kiʻekiʻe o h. He aha ke kiʻekiʻe o h? Ka wikiwiki ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi (g) = 9.8 ms ^-2.

ʻIke ʻia:

Ka loli o ka ikehu hiki (ΔPE) = 4900 Joules

Ka nuipa o ka mea (m) = 50 kg

Ka wikiwiki ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi (g) = 9.8 m/s ²

Makemake ʻia: kiʻekiʻe (Δh)

Lōlā:

ΔPE = mg Δh

4900 = (50)(9.8) Δh

4900 = 490 Δh

Δh = 10 mika

Ka ikehu hiki i ka pūnāwai

2. Hōʻike ka pakuhi ma lalo nei i ka pilina ma waena o ka ikaika (F) a me x (ka loli o ka lōʻihi) o kahi pūnāwai. Inā he 8 kenimika ka loli o ka lōʻihi o kahi pūnāwai, he aha ka ikehu hiki o ka pūnāwai?

ʻIke ʻia:

Ikaika (F) = 2 Newton

ʻO ka loli o ka lōʻihi 1 (x) = 1 kenimika = 1/100 m = 0.01 m

ʻO ka loli o ka lōʻihi 2 = 8 kenimika = 8/100 m = 0.08 m

Makemake ʻia: Ka ikehu hiki i ka pūnāwai

Lōlā:

Ka paʻa o ka pūnāwai:

Ka ikehu hiki i ka pūnāwai:

∆PE = 1/2 kx ²

∆PE = 1/2 (200 N/m)(0.08 m) ²

∆PE = (100 N/m)(0.0064 ^m² )

∆PE = 0.64 Nm

3. Ma muli o ka papa ma lalo nei, F = ke kaumaha o ka mea, ∆L = ka loli o ka lōʻihi o ka pūnāwai. He aha ka hana i hana ʻia ma ka pūnāwai no laila ʻo ka loli o ka lōʻihi o ka pūnāwai he 10 cm.

ʻIke ʻia:

ʻO ka loli o ka lōʻihi o ka pūnāwai (∆L) = 10 cm = 0.1 m

Makemake ʻia: Hana i hana ʻia i ka pūnāwai

Lōlā:

Ka paʻa o ka pūnāwai:

k = F / ∆x = 20 N / 0.04 m = 500 N/m

k = F / ∆x = 30 N / 0.06 m = 500 N/m

k = F / ∆x = 40 N / 0.08 m = 500 N/m

ʻO ke kūpaʻa o ka pūnāwai he 500 N/m

Hana ʻia ka hana ma ka pūnāwai no laila ʻo ka loli o ka lōʻihi o ka pūnāwai he 10 kenimika:

W = 1/2 k ∆L² ⁼ 1/2 (500 N/m)(0.1 m) ^² = (250 N/m)(0.01 m² ⁾ = 2.5 Nm = 2.5 Joules.

4. Hōʻike ka pakuhi ma lalo nei i ka pilina ma waena o ka ikaika (F) a me ka loli o ka lōʻihi (x). He aha ka ikehu hiki o ka pūnāwai ma muli o ka pakuhi ma lalo nei.

ʻIke ʻia:

F = 40 Newton

Δx = 0.08 m

Makemake ʻia: ikehu hiki o ka pūnāwai

Lōlā:

Ka paʻa o ka pūnāwai:

k = F / Δx

Ka ikehu hiki i ka pūnāwai:

PE = ½ k Δx ² = ½ (F/Δx) Δx ² = ½ F Δx

PE = ½ (40)(0.08) = (20)(0.08) = 1.6 Joule

1. He aha ka ikehu hiki?
   • paneʻO ka ikehu hiki ke hana ʻia ka ikehu o kahi mea ma muli o kona kūlana a i ʻole ke kūlana. ʻO ia ka ikehu i loaʻa ka hiki ke hana i ka hana akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoulu i ka neʻe ʻana i kēia manawa.
2. Pehea e pili ai ka ikehu hiki ke umekaumaha i ke kiʻekiʻe?
   • paneʻO ka ikehu hiki ke umekaumaha e pili pono ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi mea ma luna o kahi kiko kuhikuhi. ʻO ke ʻano hana ʻo PE$=mgh$, kahi ʻo PE ka ikehu hiki, $m$ he nuipa, $g$ ʻo ia ka wikiwiki o ka umekaumaha, a $h$ ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe.
3. No ke aha i ʻōlelo ʻia ai he ikehu hiki ke loaʻa i kahi pūnāwai i kīkoʻo ʻia a i ʻomi ʻia paha?
   • paneKe kīkoʻo ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha kahi pūnāwai mai kona kūlana kaulike, mālama ia i ka ikehu. Loaʻa i kēia ikehu ka hiki ke hana i ka hana ke hoʻi ka pūnāwai i kona kūlana kaulike. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ikehu i mālama ʻia he ikehu hiki ke elastic.
4. Pehea e loli ai ka ikehu hiki o kahi mea inā hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia i ka pālua o kona kiʻekiʻe mua i loko o kahi kahua umekaumaha?
   • paneInā hāpai ʻia kahi mea i ka pālua o kona kiʻekiʻe mua, e pālua kona ikehu hiki ke umekaumaha. ʻO kēia no ka mea ua hilinaʻi linear ʻia ka ikehu hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe.
5. Hiki paha i kahi mea ke loaʻa ka ikehu hiki ʻole? E wehewehe.
   • paneʻAe, hiki i ka ikehu hiki ke maikaʻi ʻole ma muli o ke koho ʻana o ke kiko kuhikuhi. No ka laʻana, i nā pilikia ikehu hiki ke umekaumaha, hoʻonohonoho pinepine mākou i ka honua me ka ikehu hiki ʻole. Inā aia kahi mea ma lalo o kēia kiko kuhikuhi (e like me loko o kahi luawai), e maikaʻi ʻole kona ikehu hiki e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi i koho ʻia.
6. Pehea e pili ai ka ikehu hiki ke hana ʻia i ka ikehu kinetic i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana pani ʻia?
   • paneI loko o kahi ʻōnaehana pani me ka ʻole o nā mana o waho, e mau ana ka ikehu holoʻokoʻa (kinetic + potential). Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia kumumanaʻo ma ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikehu potential, e emi ana ka ikehu kinetic, a ʻo ka hope.
7. He aha ka mea e hana ʻia i ka ikehu hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ka umekaumaha o kahi ʻāpala ke hāʻule ia mai kahi lāʻau mai?
   • paneI ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ʻāpala, e emi ana kona ikehu hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia no ka mea ke kokoke aku nei i ka Honua. Hoʻololi ʻia kēia ikehu hiki i nalowale i ikehu kinetic, e hoʻoneʻe wikiwiki ai ka ʻāpala i kona hāʻule ʻana.
8. No ke aha i loaʻa ai i ka pendulum ka ikehu kūpono loa i ka piko o kona lele ʻana?
   • paneI ka piko o kona luli ʻana, aia ka pendulum ma kona wahi kiʻekiʻe loa e pili ana i kona kūlana hoʻomaha. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, loaʻa iā ia ke kiʻekiʻe loa, a no laila, ka ikehu hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka umekaumaha kiʻekiʻe loa. I kona luli ʻana i lalo, ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia ikehu i ikehu kinetic.
9. Hiki i kahi mea ke loaʻa ka ikehu hiki ke hana ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ia i loko o kahi kahua umekaumaha?
   • paneʻAe. ʻAʻole wale ka ikehu hiki ke loaʻa i nā kahua umekaumaha. No ka laʻana, he ikehu hiki elastic ko kahi pūnāwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi kahua ākea (kahi i emi ai nā hopena umekaumaha). Pēlā nō, he ikehu hiki uila ko nā uku uila i loko o kahi kahua uila.

10. Pehea e hoʻohuli ai ke kaumaha o kahi mea i kona ikehu hiki ke umekaumaha?

    • paneUa kūlike pololei ka ikehu hiki ke umekaumaha me ke kaumaha o kahi mea. Inā ʻoe e pāpālua i ka nui o kahi mea, e pāpālua pū kona ikehu hiki ke umekaumaha (ma ke kiʻekiʻe like).