Nā Kuʻi Momentum Impulse - Nā Pilikia a me nā Hoʻonā

Nā Kuʻi Momentum Impulse - Nā Pilikia a me nā Hoʻonā

1. Ua pana ʻia kahi pōkā laholio 40-gram i loko o ka paia, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pōkā ma ka wikiwiki like. He aha ka loli o ka momentum o ka pōpō?

ʻIke ʻia:

Nuipaʻa (m) = 40 grams = 0.04 kg

Ka wikiwiki mua (v _o ) = – 50 m/s

Ka wikiwiki hope loa (vt ₎ = 50 m/s

ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka pōpō (kuhikuhi o ka wikiwiki) he ʻokoʻa ia i loaʻa ai nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i ka wikiwiki mua a me ka wikiwiki hope loa.

Makemake ʻia: Ka loli o ka momentum o ka pōpō

Lōlā:

Ka loli o ka momentum:

Δp = m ( _vt – v₂o ₎ = (0.04)(50 – (-50)) = (0.04)(50 + 50)

Δp = (0.04)(100) = 4 Ns

2. Ua kiola ʻia kahi pōpō laholio 75-grama ma ka ʻaoʻao pālahalaha e ku i ka paia, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pōpō ma ka wikiwiki like. He aha ka impulse.

ʻIke ʻia:

Ka nuipa o ka pōpō (m) = 75 grams = 0.075 kg

Ka wikiwiki mua (v _o ) = -20 m/s

Ka wikiwiki hope loa (vt ₎ = 20 m/s

ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka pōpō (kuhikuhi o ka wikiwiki) he ʻokoʻa ia i loaʻa ai nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i ka wikiwiki mua a me ka wikiwiki hope loa.

Makemake ʻia: Impulse

Lōlā:

Impulse = Ka loli o ka momentum

ʻO I = Δp

ʻO I = m ( _vt – v₂o ₎ = 0.075 (20 – (-20)) = 0.075 (20 + 20) = 0.075 (40)

I = 3 N s = 3 Newton kekona

Kuʻi elastic kūpono

3. ʻElua mau pōpō, ʻo A lāua ʻo B, e hoʻokokoke ana kekahi i kekahi ma kahi mokulele ʻākea. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A, v _A = 4 m/s a ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō B, v _B = 6 m/s. He elastic kūpono ke kuʻi ʻana. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka mea B ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana he 4 m/s. He aha ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana.

ʻIke ʻia:

Ka nuipa o ka pōpō A (m_A) = m

Ka nuipa o ka pōpō B (m _B ) = m

Ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _A ) = 4 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō B ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _B ) = 6 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō B ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _B ') = 4 m/s

Makemake ʻia: Ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A ma hope o kahi kuʻi ʻana (v _A ')

Lōlā:

Ua like ke kaumaha o nā pōpō, no laila:

Ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _A ) = ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō B ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _B ') = 4 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō B ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _B ) = ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _A ') = 6 m/s

Nā Kuʻi ʻEleʻele hapa

4. ʻElua mau mea me ke kaumaha like e neʻe ana ma kahi laina pololei e hoʻokokoke ana kekahi i kekahi, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. Inā ʻo v ₂ ka wikiwiki o ka mea 2, ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana i ka ʻākau ma 5 ms ^-1 , a laila ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka mea (1) ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana he…

ʻIke ʻia:

Ka nuipa o ka mea = m

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 1 ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v ₁ ) = 8 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 2 ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v ₂ ) = 10 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 2 ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v ₂ ') = 5 m/s

Makemake ʻia: Ka wikiwiki o ka mea 1 ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v ₁ ')

Lōlā:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = m ₁ v ₁ ' + m ₂ v ₂ '

m (v ₁ + v ₂ ) = m (v ₁ ' + v ₂ ')

v ₁ + v ₂ = v ₁ ' + v ₂ '

8 + 10 = v ₁ ' + 5

18 = v ₁ ' + 5

v ₁ ' = 18-5

v ₁ ' = 13 m/s

5. Hoʻokokoke ka mea A me ke kaumaha o 4 kg a me ka mea B me ke kaumaha o 5 kg kekahi i kekahi ma kahi mokulele ʻākea e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. Ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A = 4 m/s a ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō B = 2 m/s. He aha ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō B ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana.

ʻIke ʻia:

Ka nuipa o ka mea A (m_A) = 4 kg

Ka nuipa o ka mea BB (m _B ) = 5 kg

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea A ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _A ) = 6 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea A ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _A ') = 4 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka mea B ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _B ') = -2 m/s

Hōʻike nā hōʻailona hoʻohui a me ka minus he ʻaoʻao ʻē ko nā pōpō.

Makemake ʻia: Ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō B ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _B )

Lōlā:

m _A v _A + m _B v _B = m _A v _A ' + m _B v _B '

(4)(6) + (5)(-2) = (4)(4) + (5)(v _B ')

24 – 10 = 16 + 5(v _B ')

14 – 16 = 5 (v _B ')

-2 = 5 (v _B ')

v _B ' = -2/5

v _B ' = -0.4

Hōʻike ka hōʻailona Minus ua kūʻē ke kuhikuhi o ka pōpō ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana i ke kuhikuhi o ka pōpō ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana.

I nā kuʻi palaki

6. Hoʻokokoke kahi pōpō 2-kg a me kahi pōpō 1-kg kekahi i kekahi ma kahi mokulele ʻākea, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo.

Ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō 1, v ₁ = 2 ms ^-1 a me ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō 2, v ₂ = 4 ms ^-1 . Ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana, pili pū nā mea ʻelua. He aha ka wikiwiki ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana?

ʻIke ʻia:

Ka nuipa o ka pōpō 1 (m₁) = 2 kg

Ka nuipa o ka pōpō 2 (m2 ₎ = 1 kg

Ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō 1 ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v ₁ ) = 2 m/s

Ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō 2 ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v ₂ ) = -4 m/s

ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka pōpō (kuhikuhi o ka wikiwiki) he ʻokoʻa ia i loaʻa ai nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō 1 a me ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō 2.

Makemake ʻia: Ka wikiwiki ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v')

Lōlā:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = (m ₁ + m ₂ ) v'

(2)(2) + (1)(-4) = (2 + 1) v'

4 – 4 = (3) v'

0 = (3) v'

v' = 0

1. He aha ke kumumanaʻo impulse-momentum?

Pane: ʻŌlelo ke kumumanaʻo impulse-momentum ua like ka impulse i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi mea me ka loli o kona momentum. Ma ke ʻano makemakika, $Impulse=F\times \Delta t=\Delta p$ , kahi ʻo $F$ ka ikaika awelika i hoʻopili ʻia, $ʻo\; \Delta t$ ka manawa i hoʻopili ʻia ai ka ikaika, a ʻo $\Delta p$ ka loli o ka momentum.

2. Pehea e hoʻopili ʻia ai ke kumumanaʻo mālama o ka momentum i ka wā o nā kuʻi ʻana?

Pane: I loko o kahi ʻōnaehana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (ʻaʻohe mana o waho), ua like ka momentum holoʻokoʻa ma mua o kahi kuʻi ʻana me ka momentum holoʻokoʻa ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā kuʻi elastic a me nā kuʻi inelastic.

3. E hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o kahi kuʻi elastic a me kahi kuʻi inelastic.

Pane: I loko o kahi kuʻi elastic, ua mālama ʻia ka momentum a me ka ikehu kinetic. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ua like ka huina ikehu kinetic ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana me ka huina ikehu kinetic ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana. I loko o kahi kuʻi inelastic, ʻoiai ua mālama ʻia ka momentum, ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻia ka ikehu kinetic, a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kekahi i nā ʻano ikehu ʻē aʻe e like me ka wela a i ʻole ke kani.

4. No ke aha e pau ai ka lele ʻana o ka pōpō lele ke hāʻule ʻia mai kahi kiʻekiʻe?

Pane: ʻOiai ke kū nei ka pōpō i nā kuʻi elastic me ka honua, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia kona ikehu kinetic āpau i ikehu hiki. Ua nalowale kekahi ikehu i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me ka wela, ke kani, a me nā deformations kūloko i loko o ka pōpō. ʻO ka hopena, me kēlā me kēia lele ʻana, e emi ana ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka wā e kū ai ka pōpō.

5. Pehea e pili ai ka impulse i kahi loli o ka wikiwiki?

Pane: ʻO ka impulse ka huahana o ka ikaika awelika a me ka manawa e hana ai ma luna o kahi mea. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka theorem impulse-momentum, ua like ka impulse me ka loli o ka momentum. No kahi mea o ka nuipa mau, ʻo ka momentum ( $p)$ ka $nuipa$$(m)\times kawikiwiki(v).\; No\; laila,\; ʻoka\; loli\; oka\; momentum\; e\; unuhi\; ʻia\; ika\; loli\; oka$ wikiwiki.

6. I loko o kahi ulia kaʻa ʻelua kahi e kū loa ai nā kaʻa ʻelua, ua mālama ʻia anei ka momentum?

Pane: ʻAe, ua mālama ʻia ka momentum. ʻO ka momentum holoʻokoʻa o nā kaʻa ʻelua ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana e like me ka momentum holoʻokoʻa ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana. No ka mea ua kū nā kaʻa ʻelua, ʻo ko lākou momentum pākahi he ʻole, akā ua like nō ko lākou momentum i hui pū ʻia me ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana.

7. Pehea e hōʻemi ai ka impulse i hāʻawi ʻia e kahi ʻeke ea i loko o ke kaʻa i ka hopena ma luna o kahi ohua i ka wā o kahi ulia?

Pane: Hoʻonui ka ʻeke ea i ka manawa e hana ʻia ai ka deceleration o ka mea holo. Ma ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka manawa, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ikaika awelika i ʻike ʻia e ka mea holo (ma muli o ke kumumanaʻo impulse-momentum), a pēlā e hōʻemi ai i ka pilikia o ka hōʻeha.

8. No ke aha e hana ai nā mea pāʻani i kahi "ʻōwili" i ka wā e pae ai mai kahi kiʻekiʻe loa?

Pane: Ma ka ʻōwili ʻana i ka wā e pae ai, hoʻonui ka mea haʻuki i ka lōʻihi o ka hopena. Hoʻemi kēia manawa lōʻihi i ka ikaika awelika i ʻike ʻia i ka wā e pae ai, e hōʻemi ana i ka pilikia o ka hōʻeha. He hoʻopili ia o ka impulse-momentum theorem i ke ola maoli.

9. Pehea e pili ai ka momentum i ke kānāwai ʻekolu o ka neʻe ʻana o Newton?

Pane: ʻŌlelo ke kānāwai ʻekolu o Newton no kēlā me kēia hana, aia kahi hopena like a kū'ē. I nā kuʻi ʻana, hoʻopuka kekahi mea i ka ikaika ma ka lua, a hoʻopuka ka lua i ka ikaika like a kū'ē ma ka mua. ʻO ke ʻano kēia o ka loli o ka momentum (a i ʻole impulse) i ʻike ʻia e kekahi mea ua like ka nui a kū'ē i ke kuhikuhi me ko kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka momentum.

10. Pehea ka hopena o ke kihi o ka hiki ʻana mai i kahi kuʻi ʻana i nā wikiwiki o nā mea e kuʻi ana?

Pane: Hiki i ke kihi o ka hiki ʻana mai ke hoʻoholo i ke kuhikuhi o nā wikiwiki hopena ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana. I nā kuʻi ʻelua-dimensional, pono e hoʻopili ʻokoʻa ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka momentum no nā ʻāpana ākea a me ke kū. Ma muli o ke kihi o ke kuʻi ʻana a me nā waiwai o nā mea, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i nā hopena like ʻole e pili ana i ke kuhikuhi a me ka nui o nā wikiwiki hopena.

1. He aha ka pilina ma waena o ka impulse a me ka momentum?
   • paneʻO ka impulse ka loli o ka momentum o kahi mea. Ma ke ʻano makemakika, ʻo ka impulse ka huahana o ka ikaika a me ka manawa e hana ai, a ua like ia me ka loli o ka momentum.
2. Pehea e pili ai ka mālama ʻana o ka momentum i nā collisions?
   • paneI loko o kahi ʻōnaehana kaʻawale (kahi ʻaʻohe mana o waho e hana ana), ua like ka momentum holoʻokoʻa ma mua o kahi kuʻi ʻana me ka momentum holoʻokoʻa ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana. ʻO kēia ke kumumanaʻo o ka mālama ʻana i ka momentum.
3. E hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā kuʻi elastic a me nā kuʻi inelastic.
   • paneI loko o kahi kuʻi elastic, ua mālama ʻia ka momentum a me ka ikehu kinetic. I loko o kahi kuʻi inelastic, ʻoiai ua mālama ʻia ka momentum, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ka ikehu kinetic. ʻO nā kuʻi inelastic kūpono he ʻāpana kahi e pili pū ai nā mea ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana.
4. No ke aha e pau ai ka lele ʻana o ka pōpō lele ke hāʻule pinepine ʻia?
   • paneʻAʻohe kuʻi ʻana he elastic kūpono ma muli o nā mea e like me ke kū'ē ʻana o ka ea a me ka ikehu deformation. Me kēlā me kēia bounce, ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi o ka ikehu kinetic o ka pōpō i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ka wela, e alakaʻi ana i nā bounces liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka wā e pau ai.
5. Pehea e hōʻemi ai ka impulse i hāʻawi ʻia e kahi airbag i nā manawa kūpono o ka hōʻeha i ka wā o kahi ulia kaʻa?
   • paneHoʻonui kahi ʻeke ea i ka lōʻihi o ke kuʻi ʻana. Ma ka hana ʻana pēlā, hoʻemi ia i ka ikaika awelika i hoʻokau ʻia ma luna o ka mea holo, a pēlā e hōʻemi ai i ka pilikia o ka ʻeha.
6. No ke aha i maʻalahi ai ka hopu ʻana i ka hua maka ma ka neʻe ʻana i kou lima me ka neʻe ʻana o ka hua i ka wā e hopu ai ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa mau ʻana i kou lima?
   • paneMa ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i kou lima me ka neʻe ʻana o ka hua manu, hoʻonui ʻoe i ka manawa o ka pā ʻana. Hoʻemi kēia i ka ikaika awelika ma luna o ka hua manu, e hōʻemi ana i ka hiki ke haki.
7. Pehea e uhaʻi ai kahi loea karate i kahi papa a i ʻole ka piliki me kona lima me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻana iā ia iho?
   • paneHoʻohana kahi loea karate i kahi neʻe wikiwiki a pololei e hāʻawi i kahi impulse nui i loko o kahi manawa pōkole. ʻO ka hoʻoili wikiwiki ʻana o ka momentum e uhaʻi i ka papa, akā ʻaʻole noho ka lima i ka pili ʻana no ka manawa lōʻihi e omo ai i kahi ikaika hōʻino.
8. No ke aha he mea weliweli ke hoʻomaha i waenakonu o ke alaloa wikiwiki?
   • paneInā kuʻi kahi kaʻa e holo wikiwiki ana me kahi mea paʻa (a i ʻole ke kanaka), hiki mai ka loli o ka momentum (a pēlā ke impulse) i loko o kahi manawa pōkole loa, e alakaʻi ana i nā ikaika nui loa. Hiki i kēia mau ikaika nui ke hōʻeha nui.
9. Ke kuʻi nā mea ʻelua, no ke aha e ʻike ai kekahi i ka ikaika nui aʻe ma mua o kekahi, ʻoiai inā like ko lāua loli ʻana i ka momentum?
   • paneʻOiai like ka loli o ka momentum (a pēlā ka impulse) no nā mea ʻelua ma muli o ke kānāwai ʻekolu o Newton, pili ka ikaika i ʻike ʻia e kahi mea i ka wikiwiki o ka loli ʻana o ka momentum. Inā he pōkole ka lōʻihi o ke kuʻi ʻana o kekahi mea, e ʻike ʻo ia i kahi ikaika nui aʻe.
10. No ke aha i loaʻa ai ka padding i kekahi mau lako haʻuki, e like me nā mīkina lima baseball a i ʻole nā ​​​​pads cricket?

• paneHoʻonui ka padding i ka manawa e kū ai kahi kuʻi (e like me ka pōpō e paʻi ana i nā lako). Hoʻolaha kēia i ka impulse i kahi manawa lōʻihi, e hōʻemi ana i ka ikaika awelika a me ka hōʻeha hiki.