Ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kelepona hōkū
ʻO nā telescope astronomical a i ʻole nā binocular astronomical nā mea hana maka i hoʻohana ʻia e kōkua i ka maka e ʻike i nā mea lani e like me nā hōkū, nā hōkūhele, nā satelite, a pēlā aku. ʻOiai he nui ka nui o nā mea lani, ua mamao loa ka mamao o nā mea lani a i ka wā e nānā ʻia ai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maka, ʻike ʻia nā kino lani he liʻiliʻi. Hana nā telescope astronomical e hoʻonui i ke kiʻi o nā mea lani i hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maka.
Nā ʻano o nā teleskope astronomika
Aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā telescope astronomical, me nā telescope refraction a me nā telescope refraction. ʻO ka telescope refraction, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ke telescope Keplerian, aia i ʻelua mau aniani convex i kau ʻia ma nā wēlau ʻelua o ka paipu. ʻO nā aniani convex i mamao aku mai ka maka o ka mea nānā ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka lens objective, ʻoiai ʻo nā aniani convex i kokoke i ka maka ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka lens ocular. I mea e ʻike ʻia ai ke kiʻi o ka mea, pono ke koʻikoʻi o ka ʻili o ka lens objective. He paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i nā aniani nui, no laila ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ka telescope refracting. ʻO nā telescopes nunui he mau telescope reflective. Hoʻohana nā telescope reflection i nā aniani concave ma ke ʻano he mau aniani objective.
Ke kālele nei kēia ʻatikala i ke kelepona refraction astronomical a i ʻole ke kelepona Keplerian.
Pehea e hana ai nā telescope astronomical
ʻO ka telescope astronomy refraction he ʻelua mau aniani convex. ʻO ka aniani convex i loaʻa ka mamao lōʻihi mai ka maka o ka mea nānā ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka aniani objective, ʻoiai ʻo ka aniani convex e kokoke ana i ka maka o ka mea nānā ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka aniani ocular a i ʻole ka aniani maka. He mamao loa ke kahua o ka mea, e hana ana i ke kihi i hana ʻia ma waena o ka mea me kahi aniani objective he liʻiliʻi loa.
no laila, hana ka lens objective e hoʻokokoke mai i ke kiʻi i ka lens o ka maka i lilo ai ke kihi i mea nui aʻe. Hana ka lens o ka maka e hoʻonui i ke kihi i lilo ai ka nui o ke kiʻi i hana ʻia ma ka retina i mea nui aʻe.
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā mea me ka lens objective he mamao loa ia a ua manaʻo ʻia he palena ʻole. E like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma ka ʻatikala e pili ana i ka lens convex, inā mamao loa a palena ʻole paha ka mamao o ka mea, aia ke kiʻi ma ke kiko kikowaena o ka lens objective. He ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kiʻi, he hoʻohuli ʻia, a he liʻiliʻi. No ka mea aia ke kiʻi ma ke kiko kikowaena o ka lens objective, ua like ka mamao ma waena o ke kiʻi a me ka lens objective (di ob ) me ka lōʻihi kikowaena o ka lens objective (F ob ).
He ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e kahi aniani maka, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia he mea ia e ka aniani maka. Inā ua hoʻokipa ʻia nā maka ma ka liʻiliʻi loa (e kālele ana ka maka ma kahi mamao), ʻo ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka aniani maka he palena ʻole. E like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma ke kumuhana o ka aniani convex,
i palena ʻole ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka lens ocular, ʻo ke kiʻi maoli i hana ʻia e ka lens objective a manaʻo ʻia he mea e ka lens ocular,
Ma waho aʻe o ke kikowaena o ka lens objective, pono nō hoʻi ma ke kikowaena o ka lens ocular. No laila, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ua kūlike nā kikowaena o ka lens objective a me ke kikowaena mua o ka lens ocular me kekahi, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi. Ke kūlike ka lōʻihi o ka lens ocular (fok) ua like ia me ka mamao o ke kiʻi maoli mai ka lens ocular (hanaok), ʻo ke kiʻi hope loa i hana ʻia e ka lens ocular he virtual, inverted, hoʻonui ʻia a ma loko
palena ʻole. ʻAʻole manaʻo ka mamao o ke kiʻi palena ʻole he palena ʻole ka nui o ke kiʻi.
Ma muli o ke kiʻi a me ka wehewehe ʻana ma luna, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o ke aniani pahuhopu a me ke aniani maka o kahi telescope hōkū = ka lōʻihi o kahi telescope hōkū = ka lōʻihi kikowaena o ke aniani pahuhopu (f ob ) + ka lōʻihi kikowaena o ke aniani maka (f ok ).
Inā loaʻa i ka maka kahi noho kiʻekiʻe loa, a laila aia ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka lens ocular ma kahi kokoke o ka maka maʻamau a i ʻole ma kahi o 25 cm ma mua o ka lens ocular.
kahi i emi ai ka mamao o ke kiʻi ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens maka (f o ). ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mamao o ke kiʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lens maka ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens maka (f ok ) i mea e virtual a hoʻohuli ʻia ke kiʻi. Hiki ke aʻo ʻia kahi wehewehe piha ma ke kumuhana o nā kaulike o ke telescope astronomical.
ʻO ka hoʻonui piha ʻana o nā telescope astronomical
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kiʻi o kahi mea i ʻike ʻia ma o ke kelepona hōkū ke nānā ʻia e nā maka me ka palena iki o ka noho ʻana a i ʻole ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa? ʻO wai ka mea e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he aniani pahuhopu a me ka maka, he aniani convex nona ka lōʻihi focal nui a i ʻole he aniani convex nona ka lōʻihi focal liʻiliʻi? Hiki ke pane ʻia kēia mau nīnau ma hope o kou aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike o ke kelepona hōkū.
