Ka ʻIke ʻana i nā ʻAno Meakanu like ʻole
He waiwai koʻikoʻi nā mea kanu i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokele waiwai, ma kahi kūloko a ma ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole e like me nā mea kanu meaʻai, ka mea i ulu pinepine ʻia e hoʻokō i nā pono o kēlā me kēia lā, ua mahi pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu ma kahi pae nui, mālama nui ʻia, a kuhikuhi ʻia i ka mākeke a me ka ʻoihana. Hiki i nā huahana ke komo pū me nā mea maka no ka meaʻai, nā mea inu, nā aila mea kanu, nā olonā, nā mea ʻala, a me nā mea ʻoihana a me nā mea hoʻonaninani. Ma Indonesia, ʻae ke aniau wela like ʻole i ka ulu maikaʻi ʻana o nā ʻano mea kanu he nui. Aia ma lalo kahi loiloi o nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, me ko lākou mau ʻano a me nā pono.
1. Nā Mea Kanu e Hana Ana i ka ʻAila Mea Kanu
a. ʻAila pama
ʻO ka pama ʻaila (Elaeis guineensis) kahi waiwai kanu koʻikoʻi ma Indonesia. Hoʻopuka kēia mea kanu i ka ʻaila mai ka ʻiʻo hua (CPO) a me ka kernel (PKO). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻaila pama i ka meaʻai (ʻaila kuke, margarine), ʻoihana (kopa, detergent), a me ka ikehu (biodiesel). Pono nā pama ʻaila i kahi aniau mahana a me ka ua nui. ʻOiai ke kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou huahana, pono ka mālama ʻana i nā noʻonoʻo kaiapuni e pale aku i ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka nahele.
b. Niu
Ua kapa ʻia ka niu (Cocos nucifera) ʻo ia ka "lāʻau o ke ola" no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau. Hana ʻia ka ʻiʻo o ka niu i ka waiū niu, ka ʻaila niu, ke kopra, a me nā huahana meaʻai like ʻole. He mea inu kūlohelohe ka wai niu, ʻoiai hiki ke hana ʻia ka ʻili a me ka pūpū i fiber, briquettes, a me nā hana lima. Ulu maikaʻi nā niu ma nā wahi kahakai a me nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa wela.
c. Ka mamao
ʻO nā mea kanu Jatropha—ʻoi aku hoʻi nā curcas (Jatropha curcas)—ua kaulana i ka wā ma mua ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka ʻaila mea kanu no ka biodiesel. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i kaulana e like me ka ʻaila pama, loaʻa i ka jatropha ka pono o ka hiki ke ulu ma ka ʻāina maloʻo a momona ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, pono ke kākoʻo mākeke a me ka ʻenehana hana kūpono no kona hoʻomohala ʻana.
2. Nā Mea Kanu e Hana Ana i nā Mea Inu
a. Kofe
He waiwai koʻikoʻi ke kofe me ka waiwai waiwai kiʻekiʻe a me kahi mākeke hoʻokuʻu nui. Ma Indonesia, ʻo nā ʻano nui ʻelua ʻo Arabica lāua ʻo Robusta. ʻO ka maʻamau, ulu ka Arabica ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe me nā mahana anuanu, ʻoiai ʻo Robusta e ulu maikaʻi ana ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i kekahi mau mea ʻino. ʻAʻole wale ke kofe e hana i nā pī no ka hana ʻana i ka pia akā wehe pū i nā manawa kūpono ʻoihana mai uka a i lalo: ka mahi ʻana, ka kālua ʻana, a me nā hale kūʻai kofe a me ka ʻoihana inu mākaukau e inu.
b. Kī
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ulu ʻana o ke kī (Camellia sinensis) ma nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe me nā mahana anuanu a me ka ua. ʻOhi mau ʻia nā lau kī e hana ʻia i loko o ke kī ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ke kī ʻeleʻele, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ma waho aʻe o ka mea inu, hoʻohana ʻia ke kī i nā ʻoihana hoʻonani a me ke olakino ma muli o kona ʻike antioxidant.
c. Koko
ʻO ke koko (Theobroma cacao) ka mea maka mua no ka hana kokoleka. Ulu maikaʻi kēia mea kanu ma nā wahi wela haʻahaʻa. He mea hana koko nui ʻo Indonesia, ʻoiai pono e nānā ʻia nā pilikia e like me nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi a me ka maikaʻi ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā pī koko i ka pauka koko, ka pata koko, a me nā ʻāpana kokoleka.
3. Nā Mea ʻOno e Hoʻopuka ana i nā Mea Kanu
a. Kō kō
ʻO ke kō ke kumu nui o ke kō granulated. Pono kēia mea kanu i ka lā kūpono, ka ua maikaʻi i ka wā ulu, a me ke kau maloʻo no ka pala ʻana. Ma waho aʻe o ke kō, hana ke kō i ka molasses, kahi mea maka ʻoihana (ʻona, meaʻai holoholona), a me ka bagasse, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ikehu a i ʻole ka pepa.
b. Pāma kō
Hoʻopuka ka pāma kō (Arenga pinnata) i ka wai hiki ke hana ʻia i ke kō pāma, ke kō pāma, a me nā mea inu kuʻuna. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia nā olonā no nā pulumi, nā uhi hale, a me nā mea hana ʻoihana. He mea maikaʻi nā pāma kō no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke ulu i nā ʻano lepo like ʻole a kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo.
4. Nā Mea Kanu e Hoʻopuka Ana i ka Fiber
a. Laho
ʻO ka laholio (Hevea brasiliensis) kahi mea maka mua no nā huahana like ʻole e like me nā huila kaʻa, nā mīkina lima, a me nā ʻāpana ʻoihana. Hoʻohui ʻia ka latex mai nā kumu lāʻau a hana ʻia i mau ʻāpana laholio a i ʻole nā huahana i loaʻa. Pono ka laholio i ka mālama mau ʻana, a ʻo ke kūpaʻa o ke kumukūʻai mākeke e hoʻopilikia nui i ka pono o nā mahiʻai.
b. Pulupulu
ʻO ka pulupulu kahi kumu o ke olonā lole i hoʻohana ʻia no nā lole. Pono kēia mea kanu i kahi aniau mehana a maloʻo hoʻi i ka wā e ʻohi ai e mālama i ka maikaʻi o ke olonā. Ma kekahi mau wahi, ua mahi ʻia ke pulupulu, akā hoʻokūkū ia me nā olonā synthetic a me nā olonā i lawe ʻia mai.
5. Nā Kanu Mea ʻAla a me nā Mea ʻAla
a. Nā ʻākala
Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻaleka (Syzygium aromaticum) he mea ʻala waiwai nui ʻia, ʻoiai no ka ʻoihana cigarette ʻaleka, nā mea ʻala kuke, a me nā ʻaila ʻala. ʻO ka ʻāpana i ʻohi ʻia, ʻo ia ka pua ʻaleka maloʻo. Pono kēia mea kanu i kahi aniau wela haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻae i ka maloʻo lōʻihi.
b. Nutmeg
Hoʻopuka ka Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) i ʻelua huahana nui: ka hua nutmeg a me ka mace (membrane hua). Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻelua ma ke ʻano he mea ʻala, nā meaʻai, a me nā ʻaila koʻikoʻi no nā mea ʻala a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna. Ua mahi nui ʻia ka Nutmeg ma ka hikina o Indonesia, kahi i loaʻa ai ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ke komo ʻana i ke kālepa mea ʻala honua.
c. Pepa
ʻO ka pepa (Piper nigrum) ke "mōʻī o nā mea ʻala" me ka waiwai nui o ka hoʻokuʻu aku. Loaʻa ka pepa keʻokeʻo a me ka pepa ʻeleʻele mai ka mea kanu hoʻokahi, akā ʻokoʻa ka manawa ʻohi a me nā ʻano hana. Pono nā mea kanu pepa i ke kākoʻo (nā pou piʻi) a me ka mālama nui e huahua ai.
d. Vanilla
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Vanilla he waiwai nui loa ma muli o kona hoʻohana ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea ʻala kūlohelohe a me ka mea ʻono i nā ʻoihana meaʻai a me nā mea ʻala. Pono ka mālama pono ʻana i ka mahi ʻana, me ka lōʻihi o ka pollination a me ke kaʻina hana ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e mālama pono ʻia ai, loaʻa ka vanilla i nā waiwai kūpono.
6. Nā Mea Kanu ʻē aʻe i Koʻikoʻi ʻole
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, nui nō nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e like me ka paka (nā mea hana i loko o ka cigarette a me ka cigar), sago (kumu starch), cashew (nā nati cashew waiwai nui), a me nā mea kanu lāʻau like ʻole e hoʻomaka ana e hoʻomohala ʻia ma ke ʻano he waiwai o ka ʻoihana lāʻau.
Pani
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ke kuleana nui o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai i ko mākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā—mai ka meaʻai a me nā mea inu a hiki i nā lole a hiki i nā mea hana ʻoihana. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia waiwai kāna mau pono ulu ponoʻī, nā ʻano hana mahiʻai, a me nā pilikia o ka mākeke. No laila, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole pono ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai e kālele wale i ka hana ʻana akā e noʻonoʻo pū i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke kaiapuni, ka pono o ka mahiʻai, a me ka pono o ke kaulahao lako. Me ka hoʻokele kūpono, hiki i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai ke kākoʻo i ka hoʻokele waiwai me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike o ka ʻōnaehana ola ma Indonesia.
