Nā dinamika hoʻohuli he lālā ia o ka mechanics e aʻo ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka wili e pili ana i ka ikaika, ka nuipa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻohuli i ka neʻe ʻana o ka wili. Huli kahi mea inā neʻe nā ʻāpana āpau o ka mea a puni kahi axis a pivot paha i loaʻa ma kekahi o nā ʻāpana o ka mea. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka wili i aʻo ʻia ma kēia kumuhana e kālele ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka wili e pili ana i kahi axis paʻa. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o kahi pulley, kahi peʻahi, ka neʻe ʻana o kahi CD/DVD i loko o kahi CD/DVD lumi, ka neʻe ʻana o nā puka a i ʻole nā puka makani, ka neʻe ʻana o nā cylinders mīkini, nā propeller helikopter a mokulele paha, nā propeller moku, he mau laʻana o ka neʻe wili ʻana ma kahi axis paʻa. Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i kahi luna wili? Ke loli mau nei ke kūlana o ke axis o ka luna wili (e loli pinepine ke kīloi o ka luna) no laila ʻaʻole i aʻo ʻia ka neʻe wili e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka luna wili ma kēia kumuhana.
Kumumanaʻo ʻEleʻele
Ke Hoʻomaopopo nei i nā Kumumanaʻo ʻEleʻele
Inā hoʻohui kākou i ka wai wela a me ka wai anuanu i loko o kahi pahu hāmama (e laʻa me ka bākeke), a laila hoʻoili ʻia ka wela mai ka wai wela a i ka wai anuanu. No ka mea ua hāmama ka pahu, e mahu kekahi o ka wela. wela neʻe i ka lewa. E mahana pū ana hoʻi ka ipu. ʻAʻole wale ka wai anuanu e omo ʻia ka wela i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka wai wela, akā, e ka ea a me ka ipu pū kekahi. I kēia hihia, he ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ka bākeke.
Inā mākou e hoʻohui i ka wai wela a me ka wai anuanu i loko o kahi thermos pani, hana ʻia kēia hoʻoili wela mai ka wai wela a i ka wai anuanu. He thermos ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale No laila, ʻaʻohe wela i hoʻoili ʻia i ka lewa a i ʻole i ka thermos. ʻO ka wela i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka wai wela e omo wale ʻia e ka wai anuanu a hiki i ka hui ʻana o ka wai wela a me ke anuanu i kahi mahana. ke kaulike wela.
Nā ʻōnaehana a me ke kaiapuni
Ke Hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻŌnaehana a me ke Kaiapuni
He mea a he hui paha o nā mea e aʻo ʻia ana kahi ʻōnaehana. Ua kapa ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe o ke ao holoʻokoʻa ʻo ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka maʻamau, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana mai kona kaiapuni e kahi "māhele/palena/mea hoʻokaʻawale."
Eia kekahi laʻana, e ʻōlelo kākou makemake mākou e noiʻi i ka wai i loko o kahi thermos. ʻO ka wai i loko o ka thermos ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana, ʻoiai ʻo ka ea a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka thermos ke kumu o ke kaiapuni. ʻO nā paia o ka thermos, ʻo ke aniani i loko a me ka plastic ma waho, e hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokaʻawale. ʻO ka thermos wai kekahi laʻana.
Wela huna
Ke Hoʻomaopopo nei i ka Wela Latent
Inā ʻoe e komo ana wela mercury i loko o kahi pahu i loaʻa ka hui ʻana o ka wai anuanu a me ka hau, e ʻike ʻoe ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana i lalo, ua mālie a ʻaʻole paha e neʻe hou ka ʻili o ka mercury. Hoʻōki ka ʻili o ka mercury i ka neʻe ʻana ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka pae heheʻe o ka wai a i ʻole ka pae hau a i ʻole kiko hau wai (0 oC). Inā ua hāmama ka pahu, kahe ka wela mai ka lewa ma kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe a i ka hui ʻana o ka hau a me ka wai ma kahi mahana haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka wela hou mai ka lewa ke kumu e heheʻe ai ka hau. I ka heheʻe ʻana o ka hau, hana ka wela Ke loli nei ka hui ʻana o ka hau a me ka wai? I ka heheʻe ʻana o ka hau, ʻaʻole e loli ka mahana o ka hui ʻana o ka wai a me ka hau.
Wela kikoʻī
ʻO ka wela kikoʻī (c) ka nui wela (Q) koi ʻia e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka wela (T) hoʻokahi anakahi o ka nuipa (m) o kahi mea ma ke kekelē hoʻokahi. Formula c:
ʻŌnaehana Honua o nā ʻĀpana ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo J/Kg K.
Wela kikoʻī Hoʻololi ka waiwai o kahi mea me ka mahana. Inā ʻaʻole nui loa ka loli o ka mahana, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he paʻa ka waiwai. Eia nā waiwai o c no kekahi mau mea ma ke kaomi o 1 atm a me ka mahana o 20 oC (loaʻa ma o ka hoʻokolohua).
ʻAno wela
Inā pili nā mea me nā mahana like ʻole kekahi i kekahi, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō wela neʻe mai kahi mea wela kiʻekiʻe i kahi mea wela haʻahaʻa. Pau ka hoʻoili wela ma hope o nā mea ʻelua ke kaulike welaHiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia hoʻoili wela hoʻololi ka wela nā mea e pā ana kekahi i kekahi. Ma muli o kēia wehewehe pōkole, ua hoʻoholo ʻia wela He pilina ko (Q) me kahi mea a hiki nā loli mahana (delta T) o ka mea. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea kahi nuipa (m) a ʻokoʻa hoʻi nā ʻano o nā mea.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela mīkini
ʻĀpana wela he calorie (kal pōkole). ʻO ka calorie ka nui o ka wela e pono ai e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka mahana o 1 gram o ka wai ma 1 Co (pololei mai 14,5 oLilo ʻo C i 15,5 oC). ʻOkoʻa ka nui o ka wela e pono ai no kēlā me kēia ka wela wai like ʻole. No ka nui like o ka wela, he piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ka wai he 1 Co aia wale nō ma waena o nā mahana o 14,5 oC a i 15,5 oC. ʻO ke anakahi o ka wela i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, ʻoiai hoʻi e hōʻike i ka waiwai ikehu o ka meaʻai, ʻo ia ka kilocalorie (kcal). 1 kcal = 1000 calories. ʻO kekahi inoa no 1 kcal = 1 Calorie (kapital K). ʻO ke anakahi o ka wela no ka ʻōnaehana Pelekane ʻo ia ka Btu (British thermal unit). 1 Btu = ka nui o ka wela e pono ai e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka mahana o 1 paona o ka wai e 1 F.o (Mai ka 63 pololei oLilo ʻo F i 64 oF).
ʻAno ʻē o ka wai
Ke Hoʻomaopopo nei i nā ʻAnomalies Wai
Hoʻonui kēlā me kēia mea (piʻi ka nui o ka mea) ke piʻi ka mahana o ka mea a emi ka mea (emi ka nui o ka mea) i ka wā ka wela E emi ana ka mea. Hoʻonui pū ka wai ke piʻi aʻe kona mahana a ʻuʻuku ke emi iho kona mahana, akā, ʻaʻole ma 0°C.oC - 4oC. Ma waena o nā mahana 0 oC a i 4 oC, emi ka nui o ka wai (emi ka wai) i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. Inā hoʻomehana mākou i ka wai ma ka mahana o 0 oC, ʻo ka wela o ka wai, ʻo ka nui o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka wai. Pau ke kaʻina hana emi ʻana ke hiki ka wai i ka mahana o 4 oC. Ma luna o 4 oC, piʻi ka nui o ka wai (hoʻonui ka wai) i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻonui ka wai (piʻi ka nui o ka wai) i ka wā e emi ai ka mahana mai 4 oC a i 0 oC. Ua kapa ʻia kēia wai ʻē ʻo ʻano ʻē o ka wai.
Hoʻonui
Inā ʻoe e nānā pono i kahi uwea uila, e ʻike ʻoe ua piʻo i lalo ma muli o ka palupalu. No ke aha i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai nā uwea uila, ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa wale ʻia? ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hale ma Flores a me Lembata, East Nusa Tenggara, ua hana ʻia me ka zinc (Zn). I ke ao a i ka pō paha, hana nā hale zinc i ka walaʻau. No ke aha e hana ai ka zinc i ka walaʻau? Inā ʻoe e noho ana ma ka mokupuni ʻo Java, ua ʻike paha ʻoe i nā ala kaʻaahi. Aia nā hakahaka i loko o nā hui kaʻaahi. He aha ka hana o kēia mau hakahaka i loko o nā hui kaʻaahi? Nui nā mea ʻē aʻe hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo a nīnau e pili ana i kēia kumuhana. hoʻonui.
Ana wela kinoea
Inā mākou ke ana ʻana i ka ana wela he mau ʻano like ʻole, no ka laʻana he ana wela mercury a he ana wela waiʻona, ua like nā unahi o nā ana wela ʻelua ma 0 wale nō oC (a i ʻole 32 oF) a me 100 oC (a i ʻole 212 oF). Inā hoʻohana mākou i nā ana wela ʻelua e ana i ka mahana o ka ea, ʻaʻole like paha nā helu i hōʻike ʻia e kēlā me kēia ana wela. Hiki paha... ana wela Hōʻike ʻo Mercury i ka helu 48 oC, ʻoiai ke ana wela waiʻona e hōʻike ana i 46 oC. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻokoʻa nā wikiwiki hoʻonui o ka mercury a me ka waiʻona. Pēlā nō ia i nā ʻano ana wela ʻē aʻe, e like me nā ana wela bimetallic, a pēlā aku. ʻO ke ana wela i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kēia ʻano e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i nā ʻano o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia.
