Nā ʻElemene Metala Honua Alkaline
ʻO nā metala honua alkaline he hui o nā mea i loko o ka papa manawa i loaʻa ma ke kolamu ʻelua, a i ʻole ka hui 2. Aia lākou i ʻeono mau mea: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), a me radium (Ra). Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau metala kekahi mau ʻano kemika a me ke kino e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā kaʻana like pū lākou i kekahi mau ʻano. E ʻimi kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā metala honua alkaline, me ko lākou mau waiwai maʻamau, nā noi, a me nā pilikia pili.
Nā Waiwai Laulā
Nā Waiwai Kino
ʻO nā metala honua alkaline he mau metala me ka conductivity thermal a me ka uila maikaʻi, a me nā kiko heheʻe a me ka paila kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā metala hoʻololi. He kālā lākou a pau, akā aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa kala ma waena o lākou. No ka laʻana, he hina kālā ka beryllium, ʻoiai he hina haʻahaʻa ka calcium.
ʻOkoʻa ka nui o nā metala alkaline honua mai kekahi element a i kekahi element, akā ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ko lākou nui ma mua o nā metala alkali ma ka hui 1. ʻO kekahi waiwai kino e pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻo ia ka paʻakikī; ʻo ka beryllium, no ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka magnesium a i ʻole ka calcium.
Nā Waiwai Kemika
Ma ke ʻano kemika, hana nā metala honua alkaline me ka wai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻalahi e like me nā metala alkali ma ka Hui 1. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā hydroxides a me ke kinoea hydrogen ma muli o kā lākou hana ʻana me ka wai. ʻOi aku ka nui o ko lākou pane ʻana i kou neʻe ʻana i lalo i ka papa periodic mai ka beryllium a i ka radium.
ʻO kekahi o ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ko lākou hiki ke hana i nā cations me ka uku o +2. No ka laʻana, hana pinepine ka magnesium i nā ions Mg²⁺ i ka wā e hana ai. ʻO kēia no ka mea he ʻelua mau electrons valence hiki ke wehe maʻalahi ʻia e hoʻokō i kahi hoʻonohonoho electron paʻa.
Nā Hana Metala Honua Alkaline
Beryllium (Be)
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Beryllium i nā ʻano hana ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ikaika, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala. ʻO kekahi hoʻohana nui ʻana ma ka hana ʻana i nā puka makani X-ray ma muli o kona ʻano moakaka kiʻekiʻe i nā kukuna X. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo beryllium i loko o ka hoʻopili uila, nā ʻāpana mokulele, a me nā lako holomua i nā ʻoihana pale kaua a me ka aerospace.
Makanekiuma (mg)
He metala māmā ka Magnesium me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i kona kaumaha, e lilo ia i mea punahele no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana no nā mokulele, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pono ai nā ʻano ikaika akā māmā. Eia kekahi, he mea nui ka magnesium i ka biology no ka mea he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ia o ka chlorophyll, kahi pigment e pono ai no ka photosynthesis i nā mea kanu.
Kalipuna (Ca)
He nui nā hana a ka kalipuna, me ke kūkulu ʻana (ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka sima a me ka sima), ka hana kila, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke kō. I loko o ka biology, ʻo ka kalipuna kekahi o nā mea nui loa, e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā ʻiʻo, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka iwi a me ka niho, a me ka hōʻailona kelepona.
Strontium (Sr)
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Strontium i nā mea puhi ahi a me nā lapalapa kai ma muli o kona hiki ke hana i kahi kala ʻulaʻula ikaika ke puhi ʻia. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo Strontium titanate i ka hana ʻana i nā pōhaku makamae artificial a me nā aniani optical ma muli o kona helu kuhikuhi refractive kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, kokoke i kekahi mau ʻano daimana.
Barium (Ba)
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Barium i ka ʻoihana ʻeli ʻaila a me ke kinoea ma ke ʻano he mea kaupaona i nā wai ʻeli. ʻO Barium sulfate, ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hoʻohana ʻia i ka radiography lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohālikelike no ke kiʻi ʻana i ke ala gastrointestinal.
Radium (Ra)
He mea radioactive ka Radium i loaʻa i nā liʻiliʻi loa i ke kūlohelohe. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Radium i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi kanesa i ka wā ma mua, ʻoiai ua pani ʻia e nā isotopes palekana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ua hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ʻo Radium i ka pena luminous no nā wati a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe, akā ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia hana ma muli o nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi.
Nā Pōʻino a me nā Mālama
ʻOiai he nui nā hoʻohana pono o nā metala alkaline honua, loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau pilikia e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia.
Beryllium
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka lepo beryllium a i ʻole ka pauka hiki ke hoʻoulu i kahi maʻi hanu mau loa i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka maʻi beryllium a i ʻole berylliosis. He maʻi koʻikoʻi loa kēia e hoʻopilikia ana i nā māmā a hiki ke make inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia. No laila, ʻo ka lawelawe ʻana i ka beryllium e pono ai nā kaʻina hana palekana koʻikoʻi.
makanekiuma
He palekana ka Magnesium no nā hana he nui, akā i ke ʻano pauka a i ʻole ka lipine, hiki ke lapalapa loa. He paʻakikī ke kinai i nā ahi e pili ana i ka magnesium no ka mea e hana ka magnesium me ka wai e hana i ka hydrogen, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ke ahi.
Kalipuna
Hiki i ka calcium ma kona ʻano maʻemaʻe a i ʻole i loko o kekahi mau hui (e.g., calcium oxide) ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili, ka maka, a me ka hanu. Pono ka hoʻohana palekana i nā hana palekana kūpono i ka wā e lawelawe ai i nā mea ʻawahia.
ʻO Strontium a me Barium
ʻOiai ʻo ka strontium ma kekahi mau ʻano he palekana, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka strontium radioactive no ka hoʻopili ʻana me ke kanaka. He mea ʻawahia nō hoʻi ka barium i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a pono e mālama pono ʻia. ʻO ka barium sulfate hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia he palekana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohālikelike.
Hāmele
He mea radioactive kiʻekiʻe a weliweli hoʻi ʻo Radium. Hiki i ka ʻike ʻana i ka radium ke hōʻino i nā ʻiʻo a me ke kanesa i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka radiation. Pono nā hana koʻikoʻi loa e hoʻemi i nā pilikia radiation.
Ka hopena
ʻO nā metala honua alkaline kahi hui o nā mea me nā waiwai like ʻole akā kūlike nā ʻano kemika. Mai kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana a me ka biology a hiki i ko lākou mau pilikia olakino pili, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā metala honua alkaline i nā ʻano kahua like ʻole. ʻO kā lākou mau waiwai kino a me ke kemika e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea waiwai nui, akā pono nō hoʻi lākou e mālama pono a akahele. Me ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana a me nā hana palekana kūpono, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana i nā pono o nā metala honua alkaline me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ko lākou mau pilikia.
