ʻO nā ʻenehana Chromatography Gas i ka loiloi kemika ʻO ka chromatography gas (GC) kahi ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale a me ka loiloi koʻikoʻi i ka kemika analytical hou. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana e hoʻokaʻawale, ʻike, a helu i nā ʻāpana o kahi hui ʻana, ʻoiai nā hui volatile i kūpaʻa i nā mahana hoʻomehana kikoʻī. Ma muli o kona pololei kiʻekiʻe, ka manawa loiloi wikiwiki, a me... E heluhelu hou aku
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā Phenol Compounds ma ke ʻano he Antiseptics ʻO nā Phenol compounds kahi hui o nā kemika organik i ʻike ʻia no kā lākou hana antimicrobial. I loko o ka mālama ola kino, ʻo ka phenol a me kāna mau mea i loaʻa mai nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia he mau kia koʻikoʻi i ka kaohi ʻana i ka maʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā lā mua o nā hana antiseptic hou. ʻOiai ua pani nui ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana e nā antiseptics palekana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi,... E heluhelu hou aku
He aha nā hui Hydrocarbon? ʻO nā hui Hydrocarbon kekahi o nā hui kemika koʻikoʻi loa i ke ola hou. Hoʻopili mākou me nā huahana i loaʻa mai nā hydrocarbons i kēlā me kēia lā, mai ka wahie kaʻa a me ke kinoea kuke a hiki i nā lubricants mīkini a me nā mea maka no nā plastics. Ma muli o kā lākou kuleana koʻikoʻi, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o nā hydrocarbons, ko lākou ʻano, a me ko lākou ʻano. … E heluhelu hou aku
Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ka Maillard Reaction i nā Hana Kuke Ma ke ao kuke, nui nā kaʻina hana kemika e hana ʻia ke hoʻomehana ʻia ka meaʻai. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau kaʻina hana e hopena i nā loli i ke ʻano, ka ʻala, a me ka ʻono e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻono o ka meaʻai. ʻO kekahi o nā hopena koʻikoʻi, i kūkākūkā pinepine ʻia e nā chef a me nā loea meaʻai, ʻo ia ka Maillard Reaction. ʻO kēia hopena ka "mea huna" ma hope o... E heluhelu hou aku
Ke Hoʻomaopopo nei i nā Hana Hana a me ka Decomposition I ke kemika, ʻo ka hana he hoʻololi e pili ana i nā mea hoʻomaka (reactants) e hana ana i nā mea hou (huahana). Hiki i kēia mau hoʻololi ke hana maoli a i ʻole ma o nā kaʻina hana i hoʻolālā ʻia ma ka hale hana a i ʻole ka ʻoihana. Ma waena o nā ʻano hana kemika he nui, ʻo ka synthesis a me ka decomposition nā mea maʻalahi loa a kūkākūkā pinepine ʻia. ʻO nā mea ʻelua… E heluhelu hou aku
Nā Kaʻina Hana Oxidation a me ka Hoʻemi ʻana i ka Electrochemistry ʻO ka Electrochemistry kahi lālā o ke kemika e aʻo ana i ka pilina ma waena o nā hopena kemika a me ka uila. I ka electrochemistry, ʻo ka manaʻo nui loa e kū mau ana ʻo ia ka oxidation a me ka hoʻemi ʻana (redox) reactions. Ma o nā hopena redox, hiki i nā electrons ke neʻe mai kekahi mea i kekahi. Hana kēia hoʻoili electron ma ke ʻano he "alahaka" ma waena o nā loli... E heluhelu hou aku
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui Ether ma ke ʻano he Anesthetics ʻO nā hui Ether kahi papa o nā hui organik me kahi ʻano kū hoʻokahi i haku ʻia me kahi ʻātoma oxygen e hoʻopili ana i ʻelua mau hui alkyl a aryl paha, i kākau pinepine ʻia ʻo R–O–R'. Ma ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻepekema lapaʻau, ua hoʻokani ʻo ether i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi no ka mea he mea kaulana loa ia a he mea hoʻonāukiuki kipi. ʻOiai ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana i kēia manawa ... E heluhelu hou aku
Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Pōʻino o nā Pūhui Chlorine He mea kemika ʻo Chlorine i kamaʻāina loa i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, ma muli o kona hoʻohana ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he disinfectant a me ka bleach. Ma ka papa periodic, loaʻa i ka chlorine ka hōʻailona Cl a he lālā ia o ka hui halogen. Ma ka mahana o ka lumi, he kinoea melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka chlorine maʻemaʻe me kahi ʻala ʻawaʻawa. ʻOiai ua manaʻo pinepine ʻia he "kemika weliweli," ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo... E heluhelu hou aku
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui Polymer i ke ola ʻO nā polymers kekahi o nā hui o nā hui kemika e pili loa ana i ke ola kanaka o kēia wā. Kokoke i nā mea āpau a mākou e hoʻopā ai—mai nā kīʻaha inu a me nā lole a hiki i nā mea lapaʻau a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa—pili ia i nā polymers. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia nā polymers he mau molekala nui (macromolecules) i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, e hana hou ana i kapa ʻia ʻo monomers. I ka wā… E heluhelu hou aku
ʻO ka Hana a me ka Hoʻohana ʻana o nā Microscopes Electron He mea hana koʻikoʻi nā Microscopes i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema, e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke ʻike i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa e hiki ke nānā ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. ʻOiai ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā microscopes māmā (optical) i nā kula a me nā keʻena hoʻokolohua, hāʻawi nā microscopes electron i kahi ʻenehana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī no ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano kikoʻī o nā mea... E heluhelu hou aku