ʻEnehana no ka ʻImi Moana
Ua lōʻihi ka manawa i lilo ai ke kai i kekahi o nā palena hope loa i ʻimi ʻole ʻia e ke kanaka. Me nā mea huna he nui ʻole a me ka nani i ʻike ʻole ʻia, uhi nā moana ma luna o 70% o ka ʻili o ka Honua, akā he hapa wale nō i palapala ʻia a aʻo ʻia me nā kikoʻī. Ua hiki i ka ʻenehana hou i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke ʻeli hohonu i nā mea pohihihi o ke kai, e hoʻomohala ana i nā ʻano hana a me nā mea hana akamai e ʻimi ai i kona hohonu, e aʻo i nā kaiaolaola kai, a e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia kaiapuni e kū nei.
Moku Noiʻi Moana
ʻO kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi loa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kai, ʻo ia ka moku noiʻi kai. Ua lako kēia mau moku me nā lako hana akamai e palapala ʻāina i ka papahele o ke kai, e hōʻiliʻili i nā laʻana wai a me nā sediment, a e loiloi i ke ola kai ma nā hohonu like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻenehana sonar multibeam, no ka laʻana, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ka palapala ʻāina bathymetric, e hiki ai i nā mea noiʻi ke hana i nā palapala ʻāina kikoʻī loa o ka papahele o ke kai.
ʻO kahi laʻana o kahi moku noiʻi akamai ʻo R/V Falkor o ka Schmidt Ocean Institute. Ua lako kēia moku me kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua ma luna o ka moku e hiki ai i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā loiloi pololei ma luna o ka moku. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kaʻa i hoʻokele mamao ʻia (ROV) o ka moku a me nā kaʻa wai kūʻokoʻa (AUV) e ʻae i ka ʻimi pololei ʻana i nā wahi paʻakikī no nā mea luʻu kanaka ke hiki.
ʻO ROV a me AUV
ʻO nā Kaʻa Hoʻokele Mamao (ROV) a me nā Kaʻa Kūʻokoʻa ma lalo o ka wai (AUV) he mau mea hana pono ʻole ia no ka ʻimi ʻana i lalo o ka wai. ʻO nā ROV he mau kaʻa ma lalo o ka wai i hoʻokele mamao ʻia e kahi mea hoʻohana ma luna o ka ʻili, i lako me nā kāmela a me nā mea hoʻopunipuni e hōʻiliʻili i nā laʻana kai hohonu. Hiki i nā ROV ke piʻi i ka hohonu a hiki i 6.500 mika, e ʻae ana i nā mea noiʻi e ʻimi i ka ʻāpana hadal (ka ʻāpana hohonu loa o ke kai).
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he kaʻa wai kahi AUV e hiki ke hana kūʻokoʻa me ka ʻole o ke komo pololei ʻana o kahi mea hoʻokele kanaka. Hoʻolako pinepine ʻia nā AUV me nā mea ʻike like ʻole e ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kaiapuni e like me ka mahana, ka paʻakai, ka wikiwiki o ke au, a me ke ʻano o ka papahele o ka moana. ʻO kahi laʻana kaulana o kahi AUV ʻo Bluefin-21, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻimi ʻana no ka mokulele Malaysia Airlines MH370. ʻO ka maʻalahi a me ke kūʻokoʻa o nā AUV e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kūpono loa i ka palapala ʻāina ʻana i nā wahi moana ākea a hohonu.
ʻEnehana Bathymetry LIDAR
ʻO nā kukuna laser infrared i hoʻohana ʻia e LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) e hiki ai ke hoʻopaʻa palapala bathymetric kiʻekiʻe o nā wai pāpaʻu. Hiki iā LIDAR, i kau ʻia ma luna o nā mokulele a i ʻole nā drones, ke hoʻopaʻa palapala i ka papahele kai me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe mai ka lewa. He mea pono loa kēia ʻenehana no ke hoʻopaʻa palapala ʻana i nā koʻa papa, nā moena mauʻu kai, a me nā ʻōnaehana ola kai paʻakikī ʻē aʻe.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo LIDAR e palapala i nā wahi kahakai koʻikoʻi i nā hana a kānaka, e like me nā ala hoʻouna moku a me nā wahi mākaʻikaʻi. He nui nā noi kūpono o kēia ʻikepili, mai ka hoʻokele waiwai kai a hiki i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pōʻino kūlohelohe e like me nā tsunami a me nā kahe.
Satellite ʻIke Mamao
Ua lilo ka ʻike mamao o nā ukali i mea waiwai nui i ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kai. Hiki i nā ukali ke nānā i nā loli o ka ʻilikai, ka mahana o ke kai, nā au o ke kai, a me ka biogeochemistry kai me ka uhi honua a me ka hoʻonā manawa kiʻekiʻe. Hāʻawi nā ukali e like me Landsat, MODIS, a me Sentinel i ka ʻikepili waiwai nui no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā dinamika o ke kai a me ka loli o ke aniau honua.
Ua hiki i ka ʻike mamao ke nānā pono i nā hanana e like me El Niño a me La Niña, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike i nā ʻano ʻano paʻakikī a me ko lākou hopena i nā kaiaolaola kai a me nā kānaka. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā satelite ke nānā i nā hana kū ʻole i ke kānāwai ma ke kai, e like me ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana a me ka haumia, hiki ke hōʻino i ke kaiapuni kai.
ʻEnehana Biogeochemical Moana
Pono ka biogeochemistry kai i ka ʻenehana holomua e ana i nā pilina kemika, olaola, a me ke kino i loko o ke kai. Hiki i nā mea ʻike biogeochemical, i kau pinepine ʻia ma nā buoys a i ʻole AUVs, ke ana i nā palena e like me ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, pH, nā meaʻai, a me nā pae chlorophyll. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻikepili no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka huahana mua, ke kaʻina hana kalapona, a me ke olakino o nā ʻōnaehana ola kai.
Ua kōkua kēia mau mea ʻike loea kiʻekiʻe i nā kānaka ʻepekema e hōʻike i nā hopena o ka loli o ke aniau ma ke kai. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka waikawa o ke kai ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o nā pae CO2 o ka lewa hiki ke hōʻino i nā ʻōnaehana olaola koʻa koʻa. Me ka ʻikepili i loaʻa, hiki i nā mea kuleana ke hana i nā hoʻoholo naʻauao e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana a me nā hana hoʻēmi.
ʻEnehana Genomic a me ka Bioprospecting
Ua wehe ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana genomic i ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kai i kahi mokuna hou i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano meaola kai. ʻAe ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka DNA i nā ʻepekema e ʻike i nā ʻano hou, e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano genetic o nā heluna kanaka, a noiʻi i nā microorganism ma nā ʻano i hiki ʻole ma mua.
Kākoʻo ʻia hoʻi ka bioprospecting moana, a i ʻole ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe me nā noi kālepa hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, e nā hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana genomics. ʻO nā microorganisms moana, i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā hohonu loa, ua hana i kahi nui o nā pūhui bioactive me ka hiki ke hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka biotechnology. ʻO nā microalgae moana a me nā bacteria, no ka laʻana, ua hōʻike i ka hiki ke hana i nā pūhui antimicrobial ikaika, nā mea anticancer, a me nā enzymes ʻoihana.
Nā Robotics Palupalu a me Biomimetic
ʻO nā robotics palupalu a me nā biomimetic he mau kahua e kū mai ana e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻohālike i ke ʻano a me nā hiki o nā meaola kai. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia mau robots mai nā mea palupalu, e ʻae ana iā lākou e neʻe me ka maʻalahi a me ka palekana i nā wahi kai paʻakikī. No ka laʻana, ua hōʻike nā robots e hoʻohālike ana i ka ʻauʻau ʻana o ka iʻa a i ʻole ka luʻu ʻana o nā heʻe i ka hiki nui i ka ʻimi ʻana ma lalo o ka wai a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kai.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēlā mau ʻenehana e komo i nā māwae haiki a me nā substrates palupalu me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana iā lākou, e like me nā kaiaolaola koʻa a i ʻole nā wahi noho o nā invertebrates like ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia iā lākou i nā hoʻāʻo e hoʻoponopono hou i nā kaiaolaola kai i hōʻino ʻia, no ka laʻana ma ke kanu ʻana i nā koʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā heluna ʻano invasive.
Ka Hoʻohana ʻIkepili Nui a me AI
Me ka nui o ka ʻikepili i hana ʻia mai nā kumu like ʻole e like me ROV, AUV, satelite, a me nā mea ʻike biogeochemical, ua lilo ka helu ʻikepili nui a me nā ʻenehana akamai hana (AI) i mea nui i ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻikepili kai. Hiki i nā algorithms AI ke hana a wehewehe i nā ʻikepili he nui me ka wikiwiki a me ka pololei e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o nā hiki o ke kanaka.
He ʻokoʻa nā noi AI i ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kai, mai ke kaha palapala ʻāina a me ke hoʻohālike ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ola kai a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano mai nā wikiō ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i ka wānana ʻana i nā hanana oceanography. ʻO ka hiki o AI ke ʻike i nā ʻano i hūnā ʻia i loko o ka ʻikepili nui e hāʻawi i nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā mea hana ikaika no ka hana ʻana i nā wānana pololei a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻike hohonu i nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī i ke kaiapuni kai.
Ka hopena
ʻO ke kai kekahi o nā wahi ʻimi honua paʻakikī loa a hoʻohiki nui hoʻi ma ka Honua. Ua hiki i ke kanaka ke ʻimi hohonu, hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi, a mālama naʻauao i kā mākou waiwai kai ma muli o ka hana hou a me ka holomua ʻenehana. ʻAʻole wale ka hopena o kēia ʻimi honua i ka ʻepekema akā i ka hana o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻokele waiwai kūlohelohe hoʻomau.
Me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻenehana hou a me nā ʻano hana, ke kū nei mākou i nā manawa palena ʻole e wehe i nā mea pohihihi o ke kai a hānai i nā ʻōnaehana ola e hoʻomau nei i ke ola ma ko mākou honua. ʻOiai e piha kēia huakaʻi i nā pilikia, ʻo nā ʻanuʻu a mākou e hana ai i kēia lā e hoʻokumu i ke kahua no ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke kūpaʻa a me ke kaulike ma waena o nā kānaka a me ke kai.
