ʻOkoʻa ma waena o ke Kai a me ke Kai
Uhi nā kino wai o ka Honua i nā wahi ākea a loaʻa i nā ʻano a me nā nui like ʻole. ʻElua mau huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e wehewehe i nā kino wai nui, ʻo ia ka "moana" a me ke "kai." ʻOiai ke ʻano like a pili pū nā mea ʻelua, he ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ko lākou. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā moana a me nā kai mai nā ʻano like ʻole, me ko lākou wehewehe ʻana, ka nui, ka hohonu, nā kuleana kaiaola, a me nā mea hou aku.
1. Wehewehena
He mau kino wai paʻakai nui nā moana e uhi ana i nā wahi ākea o ka ʻili o ka Honua. ʻElima mau moana nui o ka honua: ka Moana Pākīpika, ka Moana ʻAkelanika, ka Moana ʻInia, ka Moana Hema, a me ka Moana ʻĀketika. Uhi nā moana ma kahi o 71% o ka ʻili o ka Honua a paʻa i kahi o 97% o ka wai a pau o ka honua.
He kino wai ka moana i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka moana a pili pinepine i kekahi moana ʻē aʻe. Aia pinepine nā kai ma ka lihi o kahi ʻāina nui a ua hoʻopuni ʻia e ka ʻāina. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kai e komo pū ana me ke Kai Mediterranean, ke Kai Caspian, a me ke Kai Caribbean. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kai ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi moana, akā ma ke ʻano he ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o lākou.
2. Ka nui
ʻO ka nui kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā moana a me nā kai. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā moana ma mua o nā kai. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka Moana Pākīpika ka moana nui loa o ka honua, e uhi ana ma kahi o 168.723.000 kilomita kuea, ʻoiai ʻo ke Kai Mediterranean e uhi ana ma kahi o 2.500.000 kilomita kuea. No laila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kai a ʻoi aku ka palena ma mua o nā moana.
3. Hohonu
ʻO ka hohonu kekahi ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi. ʻOi aku ka hohonu o nā moana ma mua o nā kai. ʻO ka hohonu awelika o ke kai ma kahi o 3.688 mika, me ka wahi hohonu loa, ʻo ka Mariana Trench ma ka Moana Pākīpika, e hōʻea ana i ka hohonu ma kahi o 10.994 mika. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka pāpaʻu o nā kai. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hohonu awelika o ke Kai Mediterranean ma kahi o 1.500 mika.
4. Kaiapuni a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā meaola
Kākoʻo nā moana a me nā kai i nā ʻano ola like ʻole. Me ko lākou ākea a me ka hohonu, hāʻawi nā moana i nā ʻano kaiapuni like ʻole, mai ka ʻili i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā a hiki i nā hohonu ʻeleʻele loa a me ke kaomi. He waiwai nui ka biodiversity o ke kai, me nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole, nā mammals kai, plankton, a me nā meaola microscopic.
Kākoʻo pū ke kai i nā ʻano ola like ʻole, akā ʻoi aku ka momona o kona mau kaiaolaola ma nā wai pāpaʻu kokoke i ke kahakai. ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki i ka lā ke komo maʻalahi i nā hohonu pāpaʻu, e kākoʻo ana i ke kaʻina hana photosynthesis e pono ai no nā mea kanu kai a me ka plankton. ʻO nā koʻapapa, i loaʻa pinepine i ke kai, kekahi o nā kaiaolaola like ʻole ma ka Honua.
5. Mahana a me ka Paʻakai
ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi ka mahana o ka wai a me ka paʻakai ma waena o nā moana a me nā kai. He nui nā ʻokoʻa o ka mahana o nā moana ma muli o ko lākou wahi honua. ʻOi aku ka mehana o ka wai kokoke i ka equator, ʻoiai he anuanu loa ka wai kokoke i nā pou. ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi ka paʻakai o ke kai akā ma ke ʻano laulā, aia ma kahi o 35 mau ʻāpana no ka tausani (ppt).
ʻO nā kai, ma muli o ko lākou kokoke ʻana i ka ʻāina a me ke kahe ʻana o nā muliwai, hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa nui aʻe i ka mahana a me ka paʻakai. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka paʻakai o ke Kai Baltic ma mua o ke kai maʻamau ma muli o ka nui o ka wai maʻemaʻe e kahe ana i loko.
6. Kahawai a me ke Au
He mau kino wai nui nā au o ke kai e neʻe ana ma nā ʻano paʻa a hoʻohuli i ke aniau honua. ʻO kahi laʻana kaulana ʻo ke Kai Kūʻono ma ka ʻAkelanika ʻĀkau, kahi e lawe ana i ka wai mahana mai nā wahi wela i ka ʻākau, e hoʻohuli ana i ke aniau o ʻEulopa Komohana. Loaʻa i nā moana kahi au hohonu i ʻike ʻia ʻo ke kaʻapuni thermohaline, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi "belt conveyor global" a he mea nui no ke kaʻapuni wela honua.
Loaʻa i nā kai nā au, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole maʻamau ma mua o nā kai. Hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia nā au i ke kai e ka makani, ke ʻano o lalo o ka wai, a me nā au kai. ʻOi aku ka kūloko o nā ʻano au i ke kai a hiki ke ʻokoʻa nui ma muli o ke ʻano honua o ka ʻāina.
7. Ka Mana o ke Kanaka
Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā moana e nā hana a kānaka, ʻoiai ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Manaʻo pinepine ʻia nā moana ʻo "nā māmā o ka honua" ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke omo i ke kalapona ʻokikene a hana i ka oxygen ma o ka photosynthesis e phytoplankton. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā pilikia e like me ka haumia plastik, ka hoʻomehana honua, a me ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana e hoʻopilikia nui i ke olakino o ke kai.
ʻO nā moana, ma muli o ko lākou kokoke ʻana i nā kānaka, ua hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia e ka haumia pololei, e like me ke kahe ʻana o ka mahiʻai, ka haumia ʻoihana, a me nā ʻōpala kūlanakauhale. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻopilikia ʻia o nā moana e kokoke ana i nā kikowaena heluna kanaka e nā hana kalepa e like me ka lawaiʻa, ka mākaʻikaʻi, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kahakai.
8. Kūlana i loko o ka Hoʻokele Waiwai
He mea nui nā moana a me nā kai i nā hoʻokele waiwai honua a me nā kūloko. Hāʻawi nā moana i nā ala koʻikoʻi no ke kālepa honua, me ka hapa nui o nā waiwai o ka honua e lawe ʻia ana e ke kai. Hoʻopuka ʻia nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe e like me ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea mai ka papakū hohonu o ke kai. Eia kekahi, he mea nui nā moana no nā ʻoihana lawaiʻa nui a me ka mākaʻikaʻi moana honua.
ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi ke kai, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ia i nā hoʻokele waiwai kūloko. ʻO ka lawaiʻa, ka mākaʻikaʻi, a me ka leʻaleʻa kai he mau laʻana wale nō ia o ke kākoʻo ʻana o ke kai i nā hoʻokele waiwai ma nā wahi like ʻole. Hilinaʻi pū nā ʻoihana e like me ka mahiʻai moana i ke kai e hoʻolako i nā huahana kai.
9. Geology a me ka ʻĀina
Hoʻokaʻawale pū nā ʻokoʻa geological i nā moana mai nā kai. ʻO ka papakū o ke kai he mau ʻauwaha kai hohonu, nā kualono waena o ke kai, a me nā pāpū abyssal ākea. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka papakū o ke kai a me ka hana pele ma lalo o ka wai kekahi o nā kaʻina hana geological e pili ana i nā moana.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i nā moana nā hiʻohiʻona honua e like me nā kai kūʻono, nā kahakai, a me nā kai pāpaʻu. Hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia lākou e ka ʻino a me ka sedimentation i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kahe ʻana o ka muliwai a me nā hana a ke kanaka e pili ana. No laila, ʻoi aku ka pili o nā hiʻohiʻona honua moana i nā hana o ka ʻāina e pili ana.
10. Ka Hopena o ke Aniau
ʻO ka mea hope loa, hoʻohuli nā moana a me nā kai i ke aniau o ka Honua ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Hana nā moana ma ke ʻano he poho nui no ka wela a me ke kalapona ʻokikene mai ka lewa, e hoʻohuli ana i ka mahana, nā ʻano aniau, a me ke aniau honua. ʻO nā kaʻina hana e like me ka piʻi ʻana a me ka iho ʻana i loko o nā moana e hoʻohuli i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā meaʻai a me ka huahana olaola ma nā wahi like ʻole.
Hoʻopilikia pū ke kai i nā aniau kūloko a me nā ʻāina. No ka laʻana, hiki i ke kai ke hoʻomālielie i nā mahana kahakai ma o ka mana o ka ea kai, e hopena ana i nā aniau anuanu a pulu i ke kauwela a me nā aniau mehana i ka hoʻoilo.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ua pili nā moana a me nā kai a ua kaʻana like i nā ʻano he nui, hōʻike nā ʻokoʻa ma luna i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā waiwai wai o ko kākou Honua. ʻO ka hohonu, ka nui, ke kuleana kaiaola, ka mana o ke kanaka, a me ka launa pū ʻana me ke aniau kekahi o nā kumu nui e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā moana mai nā kai.
