Ke Kuleana o Plankton ma ke Kaulahao Meaʻai Kai
ʻOiai ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia ka plankton e ka maka ʻōlohelohe, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana ola kai nui a paʻakikī. He mau meaola microscopic ka plankton e noho ana i loko o ke kolamu wai a lilo i kumu o ke kaulahao meaʻai kai. Ua māhele ʻia lākou i ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: phytoplankton (plankton mea kanu) a me zooplankton (plankton holoholona). Pili pono kēia mau hui ʻelua a lilo i kumu o ka biodiversity kai. E ʻeli hohonu kēia ʻatikala i nā hana a me ke kuleana pani ʻole o ka plankton i loko o nā ʻōnaehana ola kai.
Phytoplankton: Nā Mea Hana Mua ma ke Kai
He mau mea kanu microscopic ʻo Phytoplankton e hana ana i ka photosynthesis, ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lā, ke kalapona dioxide, a me nā meaʻai i ka ikehu a me ka oxygen. Ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hana i ka oxygen a me ka ikehu, ua manaʻo pinepine ʻia ʻo phytoplankton he mau mea hana mua ma ke kai—e hana like ana me nā mea kanu i nā kaiaola honua. Ma o ka photosynthesis, hana ka phytoplankton ma kahi o 50% o ka oxygen holoʻokoʻa ma ka Honua, e lilo ana lākou i mea nui ʻaʻole wale no nā kaiaola kai akā no ke ola ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO kekahi mau ʻano phytoplankton maʻamau e komo pū me nā diatoms, dinoflagellates, a me cyanobacteria. Loaʻa i nā diatoms nā pūpū silica e hana i nā hoʻolālā paʻakikī a kupaianaha ma lalo o ka microscope. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā Dinoflagellates no ko lākou mau waiwai bioluminescent, e hana ana i nā hōʻikeʻike kupaianaha i ka pō. ʻO Cyanobacteria, i kēia manawa, kekahi o nā meaola kahiko loa ma ka Honua a ua hoʻokani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka oxygen lewa mua.
Zooplankton: Nā mea kūʻai mua ma ka pūnaewele meaʻai
He mau holoholona microscopic ʻo Zooplankton, ʻaʻole like me ka phytoplankton, ʻaʻole lākou e photosynthesize akā hilinaʻi lākou i ka phytoplankton no kā lākou kumu meaʻai. Hiki i ka Zooplankton ke loaʻa nā ʻano meaola like ʻole, mai nā protozoa a i nā larvae iʻa a me nā crustaceans. Hana ʻo Zooplankton ma ke ʻano he mea kūʻai mua i ke kaulahao meaʻai kai a hāʻawi i kahi alahaka koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka phytoplankton a me nā pae trophic kiʻekiʻe.
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko lākou i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ikehu mai ka phytoplankton i nā ʻano mea ʻaihue nui like ʻole, e like me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpae, a me nā mammals kai e like me nā kohola baleen. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano zooplankton maʻamau e komo pū me nā copepods, krill, a me ka jellyfish. ʻO Krill, ma ke ʻano kūikawā, kahi kumu meaʻai mua no nā ʻano nui he nui, me nā kohola polū.
Nā Hana Pilikino o Phytoplankton a me Zooplankton
I loko o nā kaiaolaola kai, launa pū ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā heluna phytoplankton a me zooplankton me ka loli mau e like me nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni e like me ka mahana, ka paʻakai, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka ulu ʻana o Phytoplankton e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai e like me ka nitrogen a me ka phosphate, a me ka pae o ka lā. Ke kūpono kēia mau kūlana, hiki i ka phytoplankton ke hana hou koke i kahi hanana i ʻike ʻia ʻo "algal bloom."
Hilinaʻi ka zooplankton i ka phytoplankton no ka meaʻai. Ke ulu ka phytoplankton, piʻi pū ka heluna zooplankton ma muli o ka nui o ka lako meaʻai. Eia nō naʻe, palupalu kēia kaulike, no ka mea, hiki i nā loli o ke kaiapuni ke hoʻemi i ka heluna phytoplankton, a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna zooplankton a me nā ʻano mea ʻaihue e hilinaʻi nei iā lākou.
Ka hopena o Plankton ma ka Biogeochemistry moana
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko Plankton i nā pōʻaiapuni biogeochemical moana. He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi lākou o ke pōʻaiapuni kalapona no ka mea hoʻololi ka phytoplankton i ke kalapona dioxide i mea olaola ma o ka photosynthesis. Ma hope o ka make ʻana, hiki i ka phytoplankton ke piholo i ka papahele o ke kai, e lawe ana i ke kalapona organik mai ka lewa a i nā sediments moana ma ke kaʻina hana i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka "biological pump." Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā nui o ke kalapona dioxide i ka lewa a hoʻohuli i ke aniau honua.
Aia pū ʻo Plankton i loko o ke kaʻina hana meaʻai kai. Ke make ka zooplankton a me ka phytoplankton a i ʻole e ʻai ʻia e nā mea ʻaihue, hana hou lākou i nā meaʻai e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ka phytoplankton ola. Mālama kēia kaʻina hana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai i loko o ke kolamu wai a kākoʻo i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka huahana o nā ʻōnaehana ola kai.
Ka Hopena o Plankton ma ka Lawaiʻa a me ka Hoʻokele Waiwai Moana
ʻO ke alo o ka plankton olakino a nui hoʻi e kākoʻo pololei i ka lawaiʻa honua, ka mea e hāʻawi ana i ka meaʻai a me nā ola no nā miliona o ka poʻe ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO Plankton, ma ke ʻano he kumu meaʻai mua no nā ʻano iʻa he nui, e hoʻopilikia pololei ana i nā heluna o nā iʻa kalepa koʻikoʻi e like me ka sardines, tuna, a me ke cod.
ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka plankton ma muli o ka haumia, ka loli o ke aniau, a i ʻole ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā wahi noho kai e alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā heluna iʻa, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻokele waiwai kai. ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā wahi noho plankton ma o nā kulekele kaiapuni proactive he mea nui ia no ka mālama ʻana i nā kaiaolaola kai olakino a me ke kūpaʻa o ka hoʻokele waiwai lawaiʻa honua.
Nā Pilikia a me nā Hoʻoweliweli i nā Helu Plankton
ʻOiai ko lākou kuleana koʻikoʻi i nā kaiaolaola kai, ke kū nei ka plankton i nā hoʻoweliweli he nui mai nā hana a kānaka a me ka loli o ke kaiapuni honua. Hiki i ka haumia o nā meaʻai mai ka mahiʻai a me nā ʻōpala ʻoihana ke alakaʻi i ka eutrophication, hiki ke hana i nā kūlana hypoxic kahi i haʻahaʻa loa ai nā pae oxygen i loko o ke kai e kākoʻo i ke ola. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻokele nei ka loli o ke aniau i ka hoʻomehana honua a me ka acidification moana, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka photosynthesis phytoplankton a me ka ulu ʻana o nā plankton ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopilikia pū ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana i ke kaulahao meaʻai a me ke kaulike o nā kaiaolaola kai. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea ʻaihue kūlohelohe he kakaikahi e hōʻemi ana i ke kaomi predation ma luna o ka zooplankton, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka dinamika heluna plankton holoʻokoʻa. No laila, pono kahi hana honua i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia a hōʻoia i nā kaiaolaola kai olakino a hoʻomau.
Ka hopena
He kia koʻikoʻi nā Plankton o nā kaiaolaola kai, e kū ana ma ke kumu o ke kaulahao meaʻai a kākoʻo i nā ʻano ola kai like ʻole mai ka liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka nui. Ma o ka photosynthesis a me ko lākou pilina trophic, ʻaʻole wale ka plankton e mālama i nā kaiaolaola kai olakino akā e hoʻohuli pū i ka loli o ke aniau honua ma o ke kaʻapuni kalapona. Pono ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka plankton a me ko lākou mau wahi noho i mea nui i nā hana mālama kai e hōʻoia i ke olakino lōʻihi o nā kaiaolaola kai a me ke kūpaʻa o ka hoʻokele waiwai kai.
