Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻAno Iʻa ma ke Kai
Ma nā moana ākea, noho nā tausani o nā ʻano iʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole, nā nui, a me nā kala. Mai ka hohonu ʻeleʻele o ke kai a hiki i nā koʻa olaola, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā iʻa i nā ʻōnaehana ola o ke kai. No ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i kēia ʻano like ʻole, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā iʻa ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole, e like me ka nohona, ke ʻano, a me ke ʻano kino. Eia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻano iʻa kai e hiki ke kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano like ʻole o ke ola kai.
1. Ma muli o ka Habitat
a. Iʻa Pelagic
ʻO nā iʻa pelagic nā iʻa e noho ana i ka wai ākea, mamao loa mai ka papakū kai a i ʻole ke kahakai. Loaʻa pinepine lākou ma ka papa ʻili a me ka ʻāpana epipelagic, kahi e kū ana mai 0 a 200 mika ma lalo o ka ʻilikai. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā iʻa pelagic e komo pū ana me ka tuna, ka mackerel, a me nā iʻa lele. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā iʻa pelagic no ko lākou hiki ke ʻauʻau wikiwiki a me nā ʻano neʻe like ʻole, e neʻe pinepine ana i nā wahi lōʻihi e hānai a hoʻohua paha.
b. Iʻa Demersal
Noho nā iʻa Demersal ma ka papahele o ke kai a kokoke paha. Loaʻa lākou ma kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka benthic zone. ʻO ka maʻamau, he mau kala ʻeleʻele a ʻōniʻoniʻo paha ko nā iʻa Demersal e hūnā iā lākou iho mai nā mea ʻaihue a i ʻole nā mea pio. ʻO nā laʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ke cod, groupers, a me ka iʻa pālahalaha. Loaʻa pinepine i kēia mau iʻa nā hoʻololi kūikawā no ka noho ʻana ma ka papahele o ke kai, e like me ke ʻano o ke kino pālahalaha a i ʻole nā peʻe e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻomaha ma ka papahele o ke kai.
2. Ma muli o ke ʻano kino
a. Iʻa ʻōniʻoniʻo (Acanthopterygii)
He mau peʻe ko nā iʻa o kēia hui i kākoʻo ʻia e nā iwi kuʻi paʻakikī a ʻoi. He pinepine ko lākou kino i hoʻopololei ʻia a aerodynamic. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā iʻa kuʻi e komo pū me nā huelo melemele, nā kukuna, a me nā iʻa clownfish. Hoʻohana kēia mau iʻa i ko lākou mau iwi kuʻi i mea pale aku i nā mea ʻaihue.
b. Iʻa Palupalu (Malacopterygii)
He mau peʻe ko kēia mau iʻa i haku ʻia me nā ʻiʻo palupalu a palupalu. He palupalu pinepine ko lākou kino a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi ma mua o ko ka iʻa ʻōniʻoniʻo. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka iʻa palupalu me ka herring, ka salmon, a me ka catfish. Hoʻohana pinepine kēia mau iʻa i nā hoʻolālā ʻē aʻe no ka pale ʻana, e like me ka camouflage a i ʻole ka ʻauʻau ʻana i nā hui nui.
3. Ma muli o ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka nohona
a. Iʻa Mangsang
ʻO nā iʻa ʻiʻo holoholona, a i ʻole nā iʻa pio, he mau iʻa e ʻai ana i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā holoholona kai. He mau niho ʻoi ko lākou a me nā ʻauwae ikaika no ka hopu ʻana i nā mea pio. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā iʻa ʻiʻo holoholona e komo pū ana me nā mano, nā barracudas, a me nā marlins. Noho pinepine kēia mau iʻa ma ka piko o ke kaulahao meaʻai a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā heluna o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kai.
b. Iʻa Lau Nahele
ʻAʻole e like me nā iʻa pio, ʻai nā iʻa ʻai lau nahele i nā mea kanu kai, e like me ka limu a me ka phytoplankton. He kuleana koʻikoʻi kā lākou i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike o nā kaiaolaola koʻa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā iʻa ʻai lau nahele e komo pū ana me ka parrotfish, rabbitfish, a me ka surgeonfish. Loaʻa pinepine i kēia mau iʻa nā niho kūikawā no ke kahakaha ʻana a i ʻole ka wili ʻana i ka limu mai nā ʻili o ka koʻa.
c. Iʻa ʻai nui
ʻAi nā iʻa ʻai nui i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole, mai nā mea kanu kai a i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. ʻO kā lākou ʻano maʻalahi o ka ʻai ʻana e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano kūlana kaiapuni like ʻole. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā iʻa ʻai nui e komo pū ana me ka scorpionfish, angelfish, a me kekahi damselfish.
4. Ma muli o ka ʻōnaehana hānau hou
a. Iʻa Hoʻohua Hua (Oviparous)
He oviparous ka hapa nui o nā iʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi ke hoʻohua hou nei lākou ma ke kau ʻana i nā hua. Hoʻomoe pinepine ʻia kēia mau hua ma nā wahi palekana e like me nā māwae pōhaku a i ʻole nā koʻapapa, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia paha i loko o ka wai ākea. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā iʻa oviparous e komo pū ana me ka clownfish, i ʻike ʻia no ko lākou pilina symbiotic me nā anemones kai, a me nā groupers.
b. Iʻa olaiparous
Hoʻohua pū kekahi iʻa ma ka hānau ʻana i nā ʻōpiopio i ulu piha i loko o ke kino o ka makuahine. ʻAʻole maʻamau kēia ʻano ma mua o ka iʻa oviparous. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana e komo pū ana me ka manō whitetip a me ka guppy paʻakai.
5. Ma muli o ka Hoʻololi Kūikawā
a. Iʻa Bioluminescent
Loaʻa i kekahi mau iʻa ka hiki ke hana i ko lākou mālamalama ponoʻī ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo bioluminescence, me ke kōkua o ka bacteria a i ʻole nā hopena kemika i loko o ko lākou kino. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia hoʻololi ʻana no nā iʻa e noho ana i ka hohonu o ke kai kahi i hiki ʻole ai i ka lā ke komo. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka iʻa bioluminescent e komo pū ana me ka lanternfish a me kekahi mau ʻano anglerfish.
b. Iʻa me ka Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke Kaomi
Loaʻa i nā iʻa e noho ana ma nā hohonu loa nā hoʻololi kūikawā e kū i nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe e kuʻi i ko lākou kino me ka ʻole o ka palekana kūikawā. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e komo pū me nā iʻa abyssal e like me ka iʻa tripod a me nā shellfish.
6. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kino a me ka hana
a. Iʻa ʻano torpedo
He ʻauʻau maikaʻi loa nā iʻa ʻano torpedo a wikiwiki hoʻi. ʻO kēia ʻano kino maʻalahi e hōʻemi i ke kūpaʻa wai a hiki iā lākou ke neʻe me ka pono kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau iʻa e like me ka tuna, ka samona, a me ka barracuda.
b. Iʻa Demersal
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, kūpono nā iʻa me nā kino pālahalaha a poepoe paha i ke ola ma ka papakū o ke kai. ʻAʻole pono lākou i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka pono no ka peʻe ʻana a me ke ola ʻana i ko lākou wahi noho. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau iʻa ka flounder a me nā iʻa pā.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā iʻa kai e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole e hōʻike ana i ko lākou hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole. Mai nā wahi noho a hiki i nā ʻano kino, ke ʻano, nā ʻōnaehana hānau hou, nā hoʻololi kūikawā, a me nā ʻano kino, hāʻawi kēlā me kēia mahele i ka ʻike i ke ʻano o ke ola ʻana o nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole a me ka ulu ʻana i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kai ākea a ikaika. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e hiki ai iā mākou ke mahalo maikaʻi i ka ʻokoʻa a me ka paʻakikī o ka honua ma lalo o ka wai a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana kai.
