Nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pale a me kā lākou mau hōʻailona
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana pale kino, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻōnaehana pale kino, he pūnaewele paʻakikī o nā cell, nā ʻiʻo, a me nā ʻōpū e pale ana i ke kino mai nā pathogens a i ʻole nā mea ola e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi. He mea nui kēia ʻōnaehana no ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā bacteria, nā virus, nā fungi, a me nā parasites. Eia naʻe, e like me nā ʻōnaehana olaola ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hana pono ka ʻōnaehana pale kino. Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe nā mea ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā pilikia me kā lākou ʻōnaehana pale kino, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā ʻano pilikia olakino like ʻole. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i kekahi mau maʻi ʻōnaehana pale kino maʻamau a me nā hōʻailona a lākou e hana pinepine ai.
1. Nā maʻi Autoimmune
Hiki mai nā maʻi autoimmune ke hoʻouka hewa ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻiʻo ponoʻī o ke kino. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana pale, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e pale i ke kino, ke kumu maoli i ka hōʻino. Aia ma mua o 80 mau ʻano maʻi autoimmune i ʻike ʻia, a ʻo kekahi o nā mea maʻamau:
– Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Hoʻoulu kēia maʻi i ka mumū o nā hono. ʻO nā hōʻailona mua e pili ana i ka ʻeha, ka pehu, a me ka ʻoʻoleʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kakahiaka a ma hope paha o ka hana.
– Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): He maʻi mau ka Lupus e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻāpana he nui o ke kino, me ka ʻili, nā hono, nā puʻupaʻa, ka lolo, a me nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau e komo pū me nā ʻulaʻula ʻili, ka luhi nui, ka ʻeha hono, a me nā pilikia puʻupaʻa.
– Multiple Sclerosis (MS): He maʻi kēia e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena, ʻoiai ka lolo a me ke kaula spinal. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona, me nā pilikia ʻike, nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo, nā pilikia hoʻonohonoho a me ke kaulike, a me ka luhi.
– ʻAno 1 Diabetes: Hiki mai kēia maʻi i ka wā e hoʻouka ai ka ʻōnaehana pale a luku i nā cell beta i loko o ka pancreas, nāna ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana o ka insulin. Hoʻoulu kēia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko a koi ʻia ka hoʻokele insulin no ke ola holoʻokoʻa.
2. Palekana ʻole
ʻO ka immunodeficiency kahi kūlana i hiki ʻole ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale ke hana pono e pale i ke kino mai ka maʻi. Hiki i nā immunodeficiency ke kumu (congenital) a i ʻole lua (loaʻa), a ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona penei:
– ʻO ka hemahema mua o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi: He maʻi hoʻoilina kēia e hoʻoulu ai i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana pale e ulu ʻole a hana pono paha. ʻO kekahi laʻana ʻo agammaglobulinemia, kahi e hiki ʻole ai i ke kino ke hana i nā antibodies lawa.
– ʻO ka maʻi pale ʻole i loaʻa (AIDS): Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia maʻi e ka maʻi me ka Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), ka mea e hōʻino ana i nā pūnaewele CD4+ T i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻAʻole paha e ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi HIV i nā pae mua, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki ke loaʻa ka luhi mau loa, ka pohō kaumaha i wehewehe ʻole ʻia, a me ka maʻalahi i nā maʻi kūpono.
3. Nā maʻi ʻaleka
ʻO ka maʻi ʻaleka kahi pane nui ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale i kekahi mau mea i ʻino ʻole. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he allergens. Hiki i nā hopena allergies ke ʻano mai ka maʻalahi a i ka koʻikoʻi a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻili, ka ʻōnaehana hanu, a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe.
– Allergic Rhinitis: ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka maʻi hay fever, he hopena maʻi kēia i hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia e ka pollen, ka lepo, a i ʻole ka dander holoholona. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui e pili ana i ka ʻū ʻana, ka ihu paʻa, a me nā maka wai a me ka maneʻo.
– ʻO ka hānō maʻi ʻaleka: Hoʻoulu ʻia kēia ʻano hānō e ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki e like me ka lepo a i ʻole ka pollen. ʻO nā hōʻailona e komo pū me ka pōkole o ka hanu, ka ʻū ʻana, a me ka wheezing.
– ʻO ka ʻili pili i ka maʻi ʻaleka: He ʻulaʻula kēia e kū mai ana ma hope o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana o ka ʻili me kahi mea hoʻopili. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui e komo pū ana me ka ʻulaʻula, ka pehu ʻana, a me ka maneʻo.
– Anaphylaxis: He hopena alerika koʻikoʻi kēia e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke ola e pono ai ka mālama olakino ulia pōpilikia. Hiki ke ʻike koke ʻia nā hōʻailona a me ka pōkole o ka hanu, ka emi nui ʻana o ke koko, a me ka pehu ʻana o ka waha a me ka puʻu.
Nā Hōʻailona o nā Maʻi ʻŌnaehana Palekana
ʻOkoʻa nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pale ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi. ʻO kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻamau o nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pale:
1. Nā Maʻi Hoʻomau a Mau Loa paha: Inā loaʻa i ke kanaka nā maʻi pinepine a maʻi paha no ka manawa lōʻihi ma mua o ka maʻamau, he hōʻailona paha kēia o kahi ʻōnaehana pale maʻi nāwaliwali.
2. Luhi Mau Loa: ʻO ka luhi ʻaʻole e nalo ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻomaha lawa hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o kahi maʻi pale e like me lupus a i ʻole AIDS.
3. ʻEha o ke hono a i ʻole nā ʻiʻo: ʻO ka ʻeha mau a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana i nā hono he hōʻailona ia o ka rheumatoid arthritis a i ʻole lupus.
4. Nā ʻōhū ʻili: Hiki i nā ʻōhū ʻokoʻa ke hōʻailona o ka atopic dermatitis, lupus, a i ʻole nā maʻi ʻaleka.
5. Nā Hōʻailona Hanu: Hiki ke pili nā pilikia e like me ka hanu pōkole a i ʻole ka wheezing i ka hānō a i ʻole nā maʻi alerika ʻē aʻe.
6. Nā Maʻi ʻŌnaehana: ʻO ka maʻi pākī pinepine, ka pehu ʻana, a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o kahi maʻi pale ʻōnaehana e like me ka celiac a i ʻole ka maʻi Crohn.
7. Ka Pohō Kaumaha i Wehewehe ʻole ʻia: ʻO ka pohō kaumaha nui me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana paha he hōʻailona ia o kahi maʻi palekana koʻikoʻi e like me ka AIDS a i ʻole kahi maʻi autoimmune e hoʻopilikia ai i ka omo ʻana o nā meaʻai.
Ke lanakila nei i nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pale
ʻO nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pale e koi pinepine i kahi ala like ʻole no ka hoʻokele a me ka mālama ʻana. ʻO nā hoʻolālā maʻamau:
– Ka Hoʻohana ʻana i nā Lāʻau Lapaʻau: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā immunomodulators, corticosteroids, a i ʻole nā immunosuppressants e kāohi i ka mumū a me ka hana a ka ʻōnaehana pale.
– Lapaʻau Olaola: He lāʻau lapaʻau kēia e kuhikuhi pono ana i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana pale a hoʻohana ʻia i nā maʻi autoimmune he nui e like me RA a me lupus.
– Nā Hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka nohona: ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi nohona olakino, me ka ʻai kaulike, ka hoʻoikaika kino, a me ka hoʻokele kaumaha hiki ke kōkua i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale.
– Ka pale ʻana i nā allergen: No ka poʻe me nā allergies, ʻo ka pale ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā allergens, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antihistamines hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā hōʻailona.
– Immunoglobulin Substitution Therapy: ʻO kēia ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā antibodies i nā poʻe i nele iā lākou e kōkua iā lākou e pale aku i nā maʻi.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana pale kino ka laina mua o ke kino e pale aku i nā maʻi, akā i ka wā e hoʻopilikia ʻia ai kēia hana, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i nā ʻano pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi ʻōnaehana pale kino a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻailona kūpono a me ka mālama ʻana he mea nui ia no ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau kūlana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kou ʻano ola. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūkākūkā ʻana me kahi loea mālama ola no ka ʻike hou aku a me kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau kūpono no kekahi maʻi ʻōnaehana pale kino āu e loaʻa ai.
