Nā Hopena o ka Haumia ma ke Ola Kino o nā Holoholona
He pilikia kaiapuni mau ka haumia e hoʻopilikia ana i ke olakino o ko kākou honua, me nā hopena e pālahalaha ana ma waho o nā kaiāulu kanaka. I ka manawa pinepine, ua kau ʻia ko kākou manaʻo ma nā hopena o ka haumia o ka ea, ka wai, a me ka lepo i ke olakino kanaka, ʻoiai ua nānā ʻole ʻia nā hopena i nā holoholona. Eia naʻe, ke kū nei nā holoholona, nā holoholona hihiu a me nā holoholona mahiʻai, i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi mai nā ʻano haumia like ʻole. E hōʻike ana kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano haumia like ʻole a pehea e pili ai kēlā me kēia i ke olakino holoholona.
Ka Haumia o ka Ea a me kona Hopena i nā Holoholona
ʻAʻole wale ka haumia o ka ea e hōʻino i nā kānaka akā hoʻoweliweli pū i ke olakino o nā holoholona. ʻO ka ea i haumia me nā mea haumia e like me ka sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e hiki ke komo i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hanu o nā holoholona, e hoʻoulu ai i nā pilikia olakino like ʻole e like me ka hānō, bronchitis, a me nā maʻi hanu ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mammals me nā ʻōnaehana hanu paʻakikī, me nā ʻīlio, nā pōpoki, a me nā holoholona e like me nā bipi, nā kao, a me nā hipa, he mea maʻalahi loa lākou i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea haumia o ka ea.
I loko o nā manu, hiki i ka haumia o ka ea ke hōʻemi i ko lākou hiki ke hanu pono. I ka wā lōʻihi, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna manu ma nā wahi i haumia nui ʻia. Ma kekahi mau kūlanakauhale nui, pili pinepine nā helu make manu me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka haumia o ka ea. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ke kumu nui o kēia hanana i ka piʻi ʻana o nā pae o ka ozone tropospheric a me nā mea particulate maikaʻi (PM2.5).
Hōʻike pinepine nā holoholona e noho kokoke ana i nā kumu haumia e like me nā hale hana a me nā mea kanu mana i nā hōʻailona o ka lāʻau make metala kaumaha, e like me ke kēpau a me ka mercury, i lawe ʻia e ka ea haumia. Hiki i kēia mau ʻano metala kaumaha ke hōʻino i nā ʻōpū o loko, nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana nerve, a, i ka hopena, ka make mua.
Ka Hoʻohaumia Wai a me kona Hopena ma luna o nā Iʻa a me nā Mea Ola Wai ʻē aʻe
ʻO ka wai ke kumu o ke ola no ka hapa nui o nā mea ola ma ka Honua, akā hoʻoweliweli ka haumia o ka wai i ke ola ʻana o nā kaiaola wai. Loaʻa ka haumia o ka wai mai nā kumu like ʻole, me nā ʻōpala ʻoihana, nā pesticides, nā mea hoʻouluulu, a me nā ʻōpala plastik. Hoʻopilikia nui kēia mau mea haumia a pau i ke olakino o nā iʻa a me nā mea ola wai ʻē aʻe.
Ke komo nā kemika weliweli i nā muliwai, nā loko, a me nā moana, hoʻopilikia lākou i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a hoʻemi i ka solubility o ka oxygen, he mea nui ia no ke ola ʻana o nā iʻa. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā ʻōpala ʻoihana e loaʻa ana nā kemika e like me nā PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) a me ka mercury ke hōʻiliʻili i loko o ka iʻa a me nā iʻa paʻi, a laila e hoʻoili ʻia i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā kānaka e ʻai ana iā lākou. ʻO ka mercury i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o ka iʻa hiki ke hana i nā maʻi neurological koʻikoʻi, e hoʻopilikia ana i ko lākou hiki ke ʻauʻau a me ka ʻimi meaʻai.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka eutrophication kahi hanana e kū mai ana i ka wā e waiwai nui ai ke kino wai i nā meaʻai e like me ka nitrogen a me ka phosphorus mai nā mea hoʻouluulu a me nā ʻōpala, e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka limu. Ke make a pala kēia mau limu, hoʻopau lākou i ka oxygen o ka wai, e hana ana i nā "wahi make" kahi e hiki ʻole ai i nā iʻa he nui a me nā mea ola wai ʻē aʻe ke ola.
Ka haumia ʻāina a me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana holoholona honua
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka haumia o ka lepo ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides, nā herbicides, a me ka hoʻolei pono ʻole ʻana i nā ʻōpala ʻoihana. Hiki i ka lepo haumia ke omo i nā kemika ʻawahia, kahi e komo hope ai i ke kaulahao meaʻai a komo i loko o nā kino o nā holoholona. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā pepeke i haumia ʻia me nā pesticides ke ʻai ʻia e nā manu a i ʻole nā mammals liʻiliʻi, a laila ʻai ʻia e nā mea ʻaihue nui. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kēia mau kemika ma ke kaulahao meaʻai hiki ke hana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole, me nā maʻi hānau a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ke akepaʻa a me nā puʻupaʻa.
He pilikia nui hoʻi ka ʻai ʻana o nā holoholona i nā kula i haumia ʻia me nā kemika. Hiki i nā pesticides i omo ʻia e nā mea kanu ke komo i loko o ke kino o nā holoholona ke ʻai lākou i ka mauʻu i haumia ʻia. Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā pilikia olakino like ʻole e like me ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻōnaehana pale, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i hoʻopilikia ʻia, a me ka make.
Ka haumia plastik a me kona hopena i nā holoholona hihiu
ʻO ka palakika kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka haumia o ke kaiapuni i kēia lā. ʻO nā holoholona, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā manu kai a me nā mammal kai, ke kuhi hewa nei lākou i ka palakika lana a i ʻole i kahakai ʻia no ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻai ʻia kēia thermoplastic a pinepine ia e ālai i nā ala ʻai o nā holoholona, e alakaʻi ana i ka pōloli a i ʻole ka make. Hōʻike ka noiʻi ua ʻai ʻaneʻane kēlā me kēia ʻano manu kai i ka palakika i kekahi manawa.
ʻO nā ʻāpana microplastic, he mau ʻāpana plastik liʻiliʻi, he hopena nui ko lākou i nā meaola wai. Hiki ke lawe maʻalahi ʻia kēia mau microplastics e ka plankton, ka mea i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka pūnaewele meaʻai wai. Mai laila mai, hiki i nā microplastics ke neʻe i luna i ke kaulahao meaʻai, e hoʻopilikia ana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, me nā mea i pau i ka ʻai ʻia e kānaka.
Nā Hana e Pono ai e Hōʻemi i ka Hopena o ka Haumia ma nā Holoholona
ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hopena o ka haumia ma luna o nā holoholona e pono ai ka hana like ʻana mai nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole, me ke aupuni, ka ʻoihana, a me ke kaiāulu. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo nā lula paʻa a me ka hoʻokō pono ʻana i ke kānāwai he mea nui ia e kāohi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea haumia i ke kaiapuni. Pono e paipai ʻia nā ʻoihana e hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana aloha kaiapuni a hana hou i ka nui o kā lākou ʻōpala e like me ka hiki.
He kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ka hoʻonaʻauao aupuni i kēia hana. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka lehulehu e pili ana i nā pōʻino o ka haumia a me nā ala e hōʻemi ai iā ia i ko lākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā, e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastik hoʻokahi hoʻohana, ke koho ʻana i nā huahana home aloha i ke kaiapuni, a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka mahiʻai organik.
Pono hoʻi nā papahana mālama e kālele ana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā wahi noho haumia, inā paha he mau ululāʻau, nā muliwai, a i ʻole nā moana. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā heluna holoholona a me ka noiʻi hou aku i nā hopena o ka haumia i ke olakino holoholona e kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hoʻolālā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka pale ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo he pili loa ke olakino o ke kaiapuni a me nā holoholona i ke olakino kanaka. ʻO ka haumia e hōʻino ana i nā ʻōnaehana ola kahi e noho ai nā holoholona e hoʻopilikia pū iā kākou. No laila, ʻo nā hana e hōʻemi i ka haumia ʻaʻole wale no ka pono o nā holoholona, akā no ko kākou pono like pū kekahi.
