Pehea e ʻike ai i ka maʻi puʻuwai i nā holoholona
ʻAʻole wale nā kānaka e hoʻopilikia i ka maʻi puʻuwai akā i nā holoholona hoʻi, nā holoholona home a me nā holoholona hihiu. Pono kahi ala piha a ʻōnaehana no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi puʻuwai i nā holoholona. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i nā ʻano hana like ʻole a me nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi puʻuwai i nā holoholona, a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hihia maʻamau.
Pendahuluan
Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ka maʻi puʻuwai i nā holoholona e nā kumu like ʻole, me nā ʻano ʻē i hānau ʻia, nā maʻi, nā kaʻina hana degenerative, a me ke ʻano o ka nohona. ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana i kēia maʻi e pono ai ka hui pū ʻana o nā nīnauele me ka mea nona ka holoholona, kahi hoʻokolokolo kino, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana diagnostic loea, a i kekahi manawa nā hoʻāʻo hoʻokolohua.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona lapaʻau o ka maʻi puʻuwai i nā holoholona ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi a me kona pae o ka holomua. ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona maʻamau e komo pū me ka ʻū ʻana, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, ka luhi, ka emi ʻana o ka makemake, a me ka edema. Ma lalo nei, e kūkākūkā mākou i nā ʻanuʻu no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi puʻuwai i nā holoholona me nā kikoʻī hou aku.
1. Anamnesis
ʻO Anamnesis ka hana mua i ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi puʻuwai i nā holoholona. E hōʻiliʻili ke kauka holoholona i ka ʻike mai ka mea nona e pili ana i kēia mau mea:
– Mōʻaukala lapaʻau: ʻIke e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala lapaʻau ma mua, ke kūlana olakino o kēia manawa, a me nā hōʻailona i hōʻike ʻia.
– ʻAno a me nā maʻamau: Hana kino, ʻai, a me nā loli ʻano e pili ana i nā pilikia puʻuwai.
– Mōʻaukala ʻohana: He maʻi hoʻoilina kekahi mau maʻi puʻuwai, no laila he mea nui e ʻike inā he mau hihia like i loko o ka ʻohana o ka holoholona.
2. Hoʻokolokolo Kino
Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka mōʻaukala, e hana ke kauka holoholona i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino piha e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi puʻuwai. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano i nānā ʻia:
– Palpation a me ka auscultation: E nānā ke kauka i ka helu o ka puʻuwai, e hoʻolohe i nā leo o ka puʻuwai, a e nānā i nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me nā murmurs (nā leo ʻē aʻe i loko o ka puʻuwai).
– Hoʻokolokolo hanu: E nānā ke kauka i ka wikiwiki o ka hanu ʻana, ke ʻano hanu ʻana, a me nā leo ʻē i loko o nā māmā e hōʻike ana i ka edema pulmonary.
– Hoʻokolokolo laulā: Hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ke kala o ka ʻāʻī (e loiloi i ka oxygenation koko), palpation o ka ʻōpū e nānā i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke akepaʻa a i ʻole ka wai manuahi, a me ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā lālā no ka edema.
3. Electrocardiography (ECG)
He mea hana hōʻoia ka ECG e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai. I nā holoholona, hoʻohana ʻia ka ECG e ʻike i nā arrhythmias (nā ʻano puʻuwai kūpono ʻole) a me nā loli ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi puʻuwai. ʻO ka maʻamau, pili kēia kaʻina hana i ke kau ʻana i nā electrodes ma ke kino o ka holoholona a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai.
4. X-ray ʻōpū
He mea hana maʻamau ka X-ray umauma i hoʻohana ʻia e loiloi i ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka puʻuwai a me ke kūlana o nā māmā. Hiki i ka X-ray umauma ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i ka puʻuwai i hoʻonui ʻia, ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka hakahaka pleural, a me nā loli ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi puʻuwai a i ʻole nā pilikia o ka māmā.
5. Echocardiography
He hoʻokolokolo ultrasound o ka puʻuwai ka Echocardiography. Hāʻawi kēia hoʻokolokolo i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ke ʻano a me ka hana o ka puʻuwai. Hiki i ka Echocardiography i nā kauka holoholona ke:
– E loiloi i ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā keʻena o ka puʻuwai.
– Ke ana ʻana i ka mānoanoa o nā paia o ka puʻuwai.
– E loiloi i ka hana o ka valve puʻuwai.
- ʻIke a loiloi i nā nuipaʻa a i ʻole nā ano ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano.
- E loiloi i ke kahe koko ma o ka puʻuwai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Doppler.
6. Hoʻāʻo Koko
Hiki i nā hoʻāʻo koko ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke olakino laulā o ka holoholona a kākoʻo i ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi puʻuwai. ʻO kekahi mau hoʻāʻo koko i hana pinepine ʻia:
– Hematology piha: Nānā i ka helu o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo, a me nā platelets.
– Panel biochemical: Loiloi i ka hana o nā ʻōpū e like me ke akepaʻa a me nā puʻupaʻa i hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi puʻuwai.
– Nā hoʻāʻo electrolyte: Hiki i nā hemahema electrolyte ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana a ka puʻuwai.
– Nā Biomarkers: Hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia kekahi mau protein kikoʻī e like me ka peptide natriuretic i nā hihia o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻuwai.
7. ʻO ka Pulse Oximetry
He ʻano hana invasive ʻole ka pulse oximetry no ke ana ʻana i ka saturation oxygen koko. Kōkua kēia mea hana i ka loiloi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka oxygen i nā ʻiʻo ma o ke koko mai nā māmā. I nā holoholona me ka maʻi puʻuwai, hiki ke emi ka saturation oxygen, ʻoiai inā he mau pilikia o ka māmā.
8. Nānā ʻana iā Holter
ʻO ka nānā ʻana iā Holter kahi mea hana e hoʻopaʻa mau ana i ka hana uila o ka puʻuwai no 24 mau hola a ʻoi aku paha. He mea pono kēia mea hana no ka ʻike ʻana i nā arrhythmias i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokolokolo ECG pōkole. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka nānā ʻana iā Holter i nā holoholona me nā hōʻailona episodic e like me ka hāʻule ʻana a i ʻole ka nāwaliwali koke.
9. Hoʻāʻo Koʻikoʻi
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka loiloi ʻana i ka pane a ka puʻuwai i ka hana kino a i ʻole ke kaumaha. I nā holoholona, hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka treadmill a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka pharmacological. Hiki i ka pane a ka holoholona i ke kaumaha ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hiki ke hana o ka puʻuwai a ʻike i nā palena i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai ka holoholona.
10. Kiʻi Kiʻekiʻe
No nā hihia paʻakikī, pono paha nā ʻano hana kiʻi kiʻekiʻe e like me CT scans a i ʻole MRI. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻenehana i nā kikoʻī hou aku e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka hana o ka puʻuwai a me nā ʻiʻo a puni. Hiki i ke kiʻi kiʻekiʻe ke ʻike i nā pilikia i hala ʻole ʻia e nā ʻano hana diagnostic maʻamau, e like me nā ʻōpū koko, nā puʻupuʻu ʻē, a i ʻole nā ano maʻamau hānau.
Nā Hihia Maʻi Puʻuwai Maʻamau i nā Holoholona
1. Ka Cardiomyopathy Dilated (DCM)
ʻO DCM kahi ʻano maʻi puʻuwai i loaʻa pinepine i nā ʻīlio ʻano nui. Hōʻike ʻia kēia maʻi e ka ventricular dilation a me ka emi ʻana o ka cardiac contractility. Hiki i nā ʻīlio me DCM ke hōʻike i nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni ʻana, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana, ka lethargy, a me ka edema.
2. Kīnā Puʻuwai Hānau
Hiki ke loaʻa nā kīnā puʻuwai hānau i nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole. ʻO kekahi mau mea maʻamau:
– Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): ʻAʻole pani ʻia ke ala ma waena o ka aorta a me ke aʻa pulmonary ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, e hoʻoulu ai i ke kahe koko kūpono ʻole a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ukana ma ka puʻuwai.
– Tetralogy o Fallot: He moʻo o ʻehā mau ʻano ʻē e hopena ai i ke kahe koko kūpono ʻole, i loaʻa pinepine i nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio.
3. Maʻi ilo puʻuwai
He maʻi parasitic ka maʻi heartworm i laha ma o nā nahu makika a hoʻopilikia i ka puʻuwai a me nā aʻa pulmonary i nā ʻīlio. Loaʻa pinepine ia ma nā wahi mehana a pulu.
4. Ka Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic (HCM)
He maʻi puʻuwai ka HCM i loaʻa pinepine i nā pōpoki, ʻoiai ʻo Maine Coons a me Ragdolls. Hōʻike ʻia ia e ka mānoanoa o nā paia ventricular, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hiki o ka puʻuwai ke hoʻopiha me ke koko.
Pani
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi puʻuwai i nā holoholona e pono ai ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻano hana a me nā mea hana like ʻole. Mai ka mōʻaukala a me ka hoʻokolokolo kino mua a hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana holomua e like me ka echocardiography a me ke kiʻi kiʻi holomua, he kuleana koʻikoʻi kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu i ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi hōʻailona pololei. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo piha ʻana i kēia mau ʻano hōʻailona hiki ke kōkua i nā kauka holoholona e hāʻawi i ka mālama kūpono a maikaʻi hoʻi no kā lākou mau maʻi holoholona. Inā hōʻike kāu holoholona i nā hōʻailona o nā pilikia puʻuwai, e nīnau koke i kāu kauka holoholona no ka hōʻailona kūpono a me ka mālama ʻana.
