Lensa Huina Laulā o ke Kāmela Kikohoʻe
I ke ao o ke kiʻi kikohoʻe, ʻo ka lens ka "maka" mua e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano ʻike o kahi kiʻi. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano lens i ʻimi nui ʻia—mai nā mea paʻi kiʻi ʻāina a i nā mea paʻi kiʻi hale a hiki i nā mea hana ʻike—ʻo ia ka lens kihi ākea. Hāʻawi kēia lens i kahi kahua ʻike ākea ma mua o kahi lens maʻamau, e ʻae ana iā ia e hopu i nā mea hou aʻe i loko o hoʻokahi kiʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lens kihi ākea ma mua o ka "kūpono" wale nō; loaʻa iā lākou kā lākou mau waiwai optical kūikawā, nā pilikia loea, a me ke ʻano moʻolelo ʻike. Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ka wehewehe ʻana, nā ʻano, nā hoʻohana, a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūpono no ke koho ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lens kihi ākea ma nā kāmela kikohoʻe.
He aha ka Lens Wide-Angle?
Ma keʻano laulā, he aniani ākea kahi aniani me ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena pōkole ma mua o ka aniani maʻamau. Ma kahi kāmela piha-kikowaena, ʻo ka aniani maʻamau he 50mm. No laila, ʻo nā lōʻihi kikowaena ma lalo o kēlā—no ka laʻana, 35mm, 24mm, 20mm, 16mm—ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia he kihi ākea. Ma kahi kāmela APS-C (sensor liʻiliʻi), e pōkole ka lōʻihi kikowaena like ma muli o ka mea ʻoki (maʻamau 1.5x a i ʻole 1.6x). No ka laʻana, ʻo 16mm ma kahi kāmela APS-C ua like ia me 24mm ma kahi kāmela piha-kikowaena.
ʻO ke ʻano nui o kahi aniani ākea, ʻo ia kona kihi ʻike nui: ʻoi aku ka laulā o ke kahua ʻike, e ʻae ana i kahi ākea e hopu ʻia i ke kiʻi. ʻO kekahi hopena, ʻo ia ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ka manaʻo: ʻike ʻia nā mea kokoke i ke kāmela he nui aʻe, ʻoiai ʻike ʻia nā mea mamao he liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻohana pono ʻia, hoʻopuka kēia hopena i nā kiʻi kupaianaha e like me he mea lā "kono" lākou i ka mea nānā i loko o ke kahua.
Nā ʻAno o nā Lens Wide-Angle
ʻAʻole like nā kihi ākea a pau. Aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole:
1. Huina ākea maʻamau (rectilinear)
Hoʻoikaika nā aniani rectilinear e mālama i nā laina pololei, e kūpono ai no ke kuhikuhipuʻuone a me nā mea o loko. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā laulā kaulana he 24mm, 20mm, a me 16mm.
2. ʻO ke kihi ākea loa
ʻO ka maʻamau, pili ia i nā lōʻihi kiko pōkole loa—e.g., 14mm, 12mm, 10mm—me nā kihi ʻike nui loa. Kūpono no nā ʻāina ākea, nā hōkū, a me nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi noʻeau, akā pono ke akahele ma muli o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ka hiʻohiʻona ikaika.
3. Maka Iʻa
Hoʻopuka ʻo Fisheye i kahi ʻano piʻo ʻokoʻa, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā hopena kiʻi, nā haʻuki hana, a i ʻole nā wikiō hana. Lilo nā laina pololei ma nā kihi o ka mōlina i piʻo. ʻAʻole ia ke koho makemake ʻia no ka palapala maoli, akā he ʻano hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī kona.
4. Hoʻonui ākea
Eia kekahi laʻana, 10–18mm (APS-C), 16–35mm (piha piha). He mea maʻalahi loa ia no ka mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka haku mele me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā aniani.
5. ʻO ke kihi ākea mua
Eia kekahi laʻana, he 24mm f/1.8 a i ʻole 20mm f/1.4. Hāʻawi pinepine nā aniani Prime i ke ʻano optical kiʻekiʻe, nā puka nui, a me ka hana maikaʻi ma ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa.
Nā Hoʻohana o nā Lens Wide-Angle i ke Kiʻi Paʻi
1. ʻĀina
Manaʻo pinepine ʻia nā aniani kihi ākea he aniani "pono" no nā ʻāina no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā hiʻohiʻona ākea - nā mauna, nā kahakai, nā māla laiki, a i ʻole nā lani kupaianaha - i loko o hoʻokahi kiʻi. ʻO kahi pōmaikaʻi nui o nā aniani kihi ākea ko lākou hiki ke hana i ka hohonu: inā ʻoe e kau i nā mea mua (e like me nā pōhaku, nā pua, a i ʻole nā ala) kokoke i ke kāmela, e ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kiʻi.
2. Hoʻolālā Hale a me ke Kalana
I ke kiʻi ʻana i nā hale, nā lumi, a i ʻole nā waiwai, kōkua kahi aniani ākea i ka hopu ʻana i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ma nā wahi paʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pilikia, hiki i nā laina kū pololei ke ʻike ʻia e "hāʻule" (keystone distortion) ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ke kāmela i luna. Hiki i nā hoʻonā ke komo pū me ka mālama ʻana i ka pae kāmela, ke kiʻi ʻana mai kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe aʻe, a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻoponopono kuanaʻike i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ana.
3. Huakaʻi a me ke Kiʻi Alanui
I ka wā e hele ai, he mea pono ka lens ākea no ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o kahi wahi: kahi mākeke piha kanaka, kahi alanui kūlanakauhale, a i ʻole kahi lewa ʻahaʻaina. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokokoke aku i kāu kumuhana me ka hoʻokomo pū ʻana i ke kaiapuni a puni. ʻO kēia ka mea e ʻoi aku ai ka "ola" o ke kiʻi a me ke ʻano o ka palapala.
4. Vlogging a me ke wikiō
Koho ka nui o nā mea hana i ke kihi ākea no ka mea hāʻawi ia i kahi kiʻi ākea, maʻalahi ka pana lima ʻana, a hoʻonui i ke ʻano o ke kiʻi. He mea kōkua nō hoʻi ke kihi ākea i ke pana ʻana ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, e makaʻala: inā kokoke loa kou maka i ka lens ākea loa, hiki ke ʻano ʻē ke ʻano o ka maka (ʻike ʻia ka ihu nui, ākea nā ʻaoʻao o ka maka).
5. Kiʻi ʻAna i ka Honua
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā aniani kihi ākea me nā puka nui (e like me f/2.8, f/1.8, a i ʻole f/1.4) e kiʻi i nā hōkū, ka Milky Way, a i ʻole nā aurora. ʻO ka laulā o ke kihi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hopu ʻana i ka lewa ākea a hōʻemi i ka pilikia o nā ala hōkū i ka ʻike like.
Nā ʻAno Optical a me nā Pilikia
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kihi ākea ke ʻano o ka mākaukau e hana me kekahi mau huapalapala maʻamau:
– Ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ka manaʻo: me he mea lā ua "hoʻonui ʻia" nā mea kokoke. ʻAʻole kēia he kīnā, akā, he hopena kuanaʻike ma kahi kokoke.
– Ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ka barela: hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā laina pololei he piʻo, ʻoiai ma nā kihi o ka mōlina (ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ma nā zooms makepono a i ʻole ka laulā loa).
– Vignetting: ʻoi aku ka ʻeleʻele o nā kihi o ke kiʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā puka nui.
– Flare a me ka ghosting: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā aniani ākea e kū pono ana i ka mālamalama (lā/kukui), e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i mea maʻalahi ke lapalapa. He mea kōkua ka uhi lens a me ke kūlana kukui kūpono.
– Palupalu ka lihi: emi iho ka ʻoi ma nā kihi o ka mōlina i kekahi manawa, ʻoiai ma ka puka nui loa.
ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, aia nā kāmela hou a me nā polokalamu (Lightroom, Capture One, ka polokalamu i kūkulu ʻia o ke kāmela) i nā ʻaoʻao lens no ka hoʻoponopono ʻakomi ʻana i ka distortion a me ka vignetting.
Nā Manaʻo no ke Kiʻi ʻana me kahi Lens Wide-Angle
1. E hoʻokokoke mai i mua no kahi hopena kupaianaha.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kiʻi ākea ke loaʻa kahi mea hoihoi ma mua. E hoʻāʻo e hoʻokokoke aku i kahi pōhaku, lāʻau, a mea kū hoʻokahi paha e hoʻohui i ka unahi a me ka hohonu.
2. E hoʻolohe i nā kihi o ke kiʻikuhi
Ma muli o ka nui o ka wahi i hopu ʻia, aia pinepine nā mea "hoʻowalewale" ma nā kihi: nā kaula, nā ʻōpala, a i ʻole nā kānaka makemake ʻole ʻia. E hōʻoia e nānā i nā kihi o ke kiʻi ma mua o ke kiʻi ʻana.
3. E mālama i ka pae o ke kāmela no ke kuhikuhipuʻuone
ʻO kaʻoi aku o kou nānā ʻana i luna, ʻo kaʻoi aku ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka hale e "hilinaʻi ana i hope." E hoʻohana i kahi grid ma ka pale a i ʻole kahi tripod me kahi pae ʻuhane e mālama i nā laina.
4. E hoʻohana pono i nā laina alakaʻi
He kūpono loa nā alanui, nā alahao, nā pā, a i ʻole nā laina papahele ma ke kihi ākea no ka mea ke alakaʻi nei ka hiʻohiʻona i ka maka i ke kumuhana nui.
5. E makaʻala i ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kānaka kokoke loa.
No nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kihi ākea me ka noʻonoʻo, akā ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka mālama ʻana i kahi mamao e pale aku ai i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka maka. Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻokomo i ke kaiapuni, e hoʻonoho iki i ke kanaka ma waenakonu o ke kiʻi a ʻaʻole kokoke loa.
6. E hoʻohana i kahi puka waena no ka ʻoi like.
ʻOi aku ka ʻoi o nā aniani kihi ākea he nui ma f/5.6–f/11. No nā ʻāina, kūpono pinepine kēia pae, me ke ʻano hana kālele kūpono.
Pehea e koho ai i kahi aniani ākea
I ke kūʻai ʻana, e noʻonoʻo:
– Nā koi o ka lōʻihi o ke kiko: ua lawa ʻo 24mm no ka hapa nui o nā kūlana; ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 16mm; 10–12mm no ka ultra-wide APS-C a i ʻole ka full-frame.
– Aperture: kūpono ka f/2.8 no ka mālamalama haʻahaʻa a me ka astro; ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka f/4 a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kumukūʻai.
– Ka maikaʻi o nā kihi mōlina: no nā ʻāina a me ke kuhikuhipuʻuone, he mea nui ka ʻoi o nā kihi.
– Hoʻopaʻa: pono no ke wikiō a i ʻole ka lima lima.
– Hoʻohālikelike i ke kānana: He paʻakikī ke kau ʻana i nā kānana ma luna o kekahi mau aniani ākea loa ma muli o ka mea mua e kūlou ana. Inā hoʻohana pinepine ʻoe i nā kānana ND a i ʻole CPL no nā ʻāina, he mea nui kēia.
Pani
He mea hana ikaika ka lens ākea ma ke kāmela kikohoʻe no ka haʻi moʻolelo ʻike maka. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻonui wale i ke kahua o ka ʻike; hoʻololi ia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka kuanaʻike, e hoʻonui ana i ka hohonu a wehe i nā manawa hana haku mele mai ke alo a i ke kua. ʻOiai nā pilikia e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka kaohi laina, ʻo nā lens ākea ke koho punahele no ko lākou versatility no nā ʻāina, nā kuhikuhipuʻuone, nā huakaʻi, a me ke wikiō. Me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻano optical a me nā ʻano haku mele kūpono, hiki i nā lens ākea ke hana i nā kiʻi e manaʻo nui, keaka, a me ka hoʻokomo - me he mea lā e kū ana ka mea nānā ma laila ma ke kahua.
