Nā ʻAno Polymers: Nā ʻAno Mea Hana like ʻole e Hoʻololi nei i ke Ao
He mau hui nā polymers i haku ʻia me nā molekala nui i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā molekala liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo monomers. Loaʻa nā polymers i nā ʻano he nui a he nui nā ʻano waiwai, e hana ana iā lākou i nā mea hana maʻalahi loa. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻano polymers maʻamau, pehea lākou e hana ai, a me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.
Nā Polymers Kūlohelohe a me nā Polymers Hana ʻia
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā polymers i ʻelua ʻano nui: nā polymers kūlohelohe a me nā polymers synthetic. ʻO nā polymers kūlohelohe nā mea i loaʻa ma ke ʻano, ʻoiai ʻo nā polymers synthetic nā mea i hana ʻia ma o nā kaʻina hana kemika i loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua a i ʻole nā hale hana.
Nā Polymers Kūlohelohe
Loaʻa nā polymers kūlohelohe i loko o nā mea olaola he nui i hoʻohana ʻia e kānaka no nā tausani makahiki. ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o nā polymers kūlohelohe:
1. Cellulose: ʻO kēia polymer i loaʻa i loko o nā paia o nā cell mea kanu ka hui nui loa ma ka Honua. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Cellulose e hana i ka pepa, ka pepa pahu, a me kekahi mau lole.
2. Keratin: Loaʻa kēia polymer protein i ka lauoho holoholona, nā kui, a me nā pepeiaohao. ʻO kona mau waiwai paʻa a paʻa hoʻi e hoʻolilo i keratin i mea hoʻonohonoho koʻikoʻi.
3. Lahopa Kūlohelohe: Loaʻa mai ka wai o ke kumu lāʻau laholio (Hevea brasiliensis), he elasticity koʻikoʻi ka laholio kūlohelohe a hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me nā kaila a me nā lako lapaʻau.
4. Nā ʻakika nukleika (DNA a me RNA): Nā polymers e mālama i ka ʻike genetic i loko o nā pūnaewele o nā mea ola. Loaʻa iā lākou nā nucleotides e hana i nā kaulahao lōʻihi o nā molekala.
Nā Polymers Hana ʻia
Me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, ua lilo nā polymers synthetic i ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ke ola hou. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano maʻamau o nā polymers synthetic:
1. Polyethylene (PE): ʻO kekahi o nā polymers i hana nui ʻia ma ka honua. Hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā ʻeke plastik, nā ʻōmole, a me nā huahana o kēlā me kēia lā.
2. Polypropylene (PP): Loaʻa ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa i nā kemika. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me nā ipu meaʻai, nā mea pāʻani, a me nā lako hale.
3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Hoʻohana ʻia kēia polymer e hana i nā paipu, nā kaula uila, a me nā mea hana hale ʻē aʻe. ʻO kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka wai a me ke ahi e kaulana loa ai i ka ʻoihana.
4. Polystyrene (PS): Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōpala meaʻai, nā lako hale, a me nā huahana o kēlā me kēia lā.
5. Polyamide (Nylon): ʻIke ʻia no kona ikaika a me [ke kū'ē ʻana i ka abrasion](. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ʻo Nylon ma ke ʻano he pani no ka silika i loko o nā parachute a ma hope i nā lole a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
Nā Polymers Thermoplastic a me Thermoset
Ma waho aʻe o ko lākou hoʻokaʻawale ʻana maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā polymers e ke ʻano o kā lākou pane ʻana i ka wela. ʻElua ʻano nui: nā thermoplastics a me nā thermosets.
Thermoplastic
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā polymers thermoplastic i ka wā e hoʻomehana ʻia ai a paʻakikī hou i ka wā e hoʻomaʻalili ʻia ai. ʻO kēia ʻano e maʻalahi ai ka hana hou ʻana. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o nā polymers thermoplastic:
1. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS): Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea pāʻani, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, a me nā lako kīhini. Ua kaulana kēia mea no kona ikaika a me kona kūpaʻa.
2. Polycarbonate (PC): Hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā aniani maka, nā CD, a me nā ʻāpana uila. Loaʻa i ka Polycarbonate ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa i ka hopena.
Hoʻonohonoho wela
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia nā polymers thermosetting ma hope o ka hoʻomehana mua ʻana a me ka paʻakikī ʻana. Hoʻokumu lākou i kahi ʻano ikaika loa a paʻa. ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā polymers thermosetting:
1. Bakelite: ʻO kekahi o nā polymers thermosetting mua i hoʻomohala ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana uila, nā kuapo, a me nā mea paʻa ipu ma muli o kona mau waiwai insulating uila maikaʻi loa.
2. Epoxy: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻopili ikaika, nā uhi pale, a me nā mea i hui pū ʻia. Ua kaulana ʻo Epoxy no kona kūpaʻa ʻana i nā kemika, ka wela, a me ka ikaika o ka hoʻopili.
Nā Polymers ʻenekinia
ʻO nā polymers ʻenekinia he mau polymers me nā waiwai mechanical, thermal, a me nā kemika maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā noi e pono ai ka hoʻomau a me ka hoʻomau. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā polymers ʻenekinia:
1. Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK): Loaʻa i kēia polymer ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa. ʻO kāna mau hoʻohana e pili ana i nā ʻāpana mokulele, nā mea lapaʻau, a me nā noi kaʻa.
2. Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS): ʻIke ʻia no kona kūpaʻa kemika a me ka mechanical maikaʻi, hoʻohana ʻia ka PPS i nā ʻoihana kaʻa, nā mea uila, a me nā lako hale.
ʻO Elastomer
He ʻano polymer nā Elastomers me ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe, e ʻae ana i ka deformation koʻikoʻi me ka ʻole o ka haki a haki paha. Hiki i nā Elastomers ke hoʻi i ko lākou ʻano mua ma hope o ke kīkoʻo ʻia a kulou ʻia paha. ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā elastomers:
1. Laho Synthetic: E like me ka laho nitrile a me ka laho silicone, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi kaʻa, lapaʻau, a me nā ʻoihana ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaila, ka mahana, a me nā kemika.
2. Polyurethane (PU): Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā hua, nā mea hoʻopili, a me nā uhi. He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ko Polyurethane i ka ʻaʻahu a me ka deformation.
Nā Hui Pū ʻIa Polymer
ʻO nā hui polymer he mau mea i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā polymers me nā olonā like ʻole a i ʻole nā ʻāpana e hoʻokō ai i nā waiwai mea maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hui polymer:
1. ʻO ke kaula kalapona: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā hana aerospace, automotive, a me nā haʻuki ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha māmā.
2. Fiberglass: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā waʻa, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, a me nā huahana hale.
Polymer alakaʻi
ʻO nā polymers conductive he mau polymers i loaʻa ka hiki ke alakaʻi i ka uila. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā mea uila a me nā noi sensor. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā polymers conductive:
1. Polypyrrole: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi sensor a me nā mea mālama ikehu.
2. Polyaniline: He mea pono i nā antennas, nā pale paʻi, a me nā ʻāpana uila maʻalahi.
Ka hopena
He mea nui nā polymers i ko kākou ola hou. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma aneane nā ʻano āpau o ko kākou ola, mai nā lole a me nā meaʻai a hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻāpana ʻenehana holomua. Me ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano polymer a me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana, hiki iā kākou ke mahalo i ke koʻikoʻi o kēia mau mea i ke ʻano o ke ao hou. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana hou ma ke kahua polymer, e hoʻohiki ana i nā ʻike hou o nā mea ikaika, māmā, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
