ʻAno o ka Hui ʻOihana
Me nā hoʻomohala hoʻokele waiwai a me nā ʻoihana honua, ua puka mai nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole e hoʻokō i nā pono o ka mākeke. He mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano kūpono o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana no nā mea kālepa, no ka mea, he ʻano like ʻole kēlā me kēia ʻano, nā pono, a me nā pilikia. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i kekahi mau ʻano maʻamau o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, ma kahi kūloko a ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
1. ʻOihana Hoʻokahi
ʻO ka ʻoihana nona wale nō kekahi o nā ʻano ʻoihana maʻalahi loa. ʻO kēia ʻano kūpono loa no nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kālepa pilikino e makemake ana e hoʻomaka i kahi ʻoihana me ke kapikala palena. Eia kekahi o nā ʻano a me nā pono o ka ʻoihana nona wale nō:
– Mana piha: Loaʻa i ka mea nona ka mana piha ma luna o nā hana ʻoihana a me nā hoʻoholo ʻana, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
– Ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana: He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻoihana nona hoʻokahi a ʻaʻole pono i nā koi kānāwai a hoʻokele paha.
– ʻAuhau Maʻalahi: Pono nā mea nona e hōʻike i ka loaʻa kālā ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he loaʻa kālā pilikino, no laila ʻaʻohe ʻauhau kaʻawale no ka ʻoihana.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hemahema o nā ʻoihana nona wale nō, e like me ke kuleana palena ʻole, kahi e kuleana piha ai ka mea nona ka ʻoihana no nā aie a i ʻole nā poho o ka ʻoihana.
2. Paʻa
He ʻano ʻoihana kahi ʻoihana kahi e holo pū ai ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha mau kānaka i kahi ʻoihana me ka pahuhopu o ka loaʻa kālā. Aia kekahi mau ʻano koʻikoʻi o kahi ʻoihana:
- Kuleana Hui: Loaʻa i nā lālā āpau o ka ʻoihana ke kuleana like no ka loaʻa kālā a me ka pohō o ka ʻoihana.
– Hui Pū ʻIa: Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ma muli o kahi ʻaelike ma waena o nā mea nona e pili ana i ka māhele waiwai, nā haʻawina kapikala, a me ka hoʻokele ʻoihana.
ʻOiai ʻo ka pōmaikaʻi o kahi ʻoihana ka pilina hana like ma waena o nā hoa, ʻo ka hemahema nui ka kuleana palena ʻole e pili ana hoʻi i nā lālā o ka ʻoihana.
3. ʻOihana Kuleana Kaupalena (PT)
ʻO kahi Hui Kuleana Palena (PT) he ʻano hui ʻoihana i manaʻo ʻia he hui kū kānāwai kaʻawale, kaʻawale mai kona mau mea nona. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā PT i ʻelua mau māhele:
– ʻOihana Hoʻopaʻa Lehulehu (PT Tbk): Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia aku kāna mau ʻāpana ma ka pānaʻi kūʻai, e hāʻawi ana i ka manawa kūpono no ka hōʻiliʻili kālā nui.
– ʻOihana Kuleana Kaupalena i pani ʻia: ʻAʻole kūʻai ʻia aku kāna mau ʻāpana i ka lehulehu a nona ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā mea kuleana.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o kahi PT, ʻo ia ka palena o ke kuleana o nā mea kuleana i ka waiwai o kā lākou mau ʻāpana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i kahi PT e koi ana i nā koi kānāwai paʻakikī a me ka nānā pono ʻana mai nā luna.
4. Hana Pū
He hui ʻoihana ka hui hana like i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kānaka me nā makemake like a me nā pahuhopu, ma muli o ke kumumanaʻo o ka ʻohana. Ma ke ʻano laulā, makemake nā hui hana like e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ko lākou mau lālā ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka loaʻa kālā . ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā hui hana like:
– Demokalaka ma ka Hoʻokele: Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia lālā nā kuleana koho balota like i ka hoʻoholo ʻana.
– Ke kōkua ʻana kekahi i kekahi: Ke kālele nei nā lālā i ka pono like a kākoʻo kekahi i kekahi i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pahuhopu like.
ʻOiai hiki i nā hui hana like ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ke kaiāulu, ʻo ka pilikia e kū pinepine nei, ʻo ia ka lohi o ka hoʻoholo ʻana no ka mea pono e hele ma o ka ʻae ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao he nui.
5. Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV)
He hui ʻoihana ka CV i haku ʻia me nā hoa hana a me nā hoa hana ʻole, kahi e kuleana piha ai nā hoa hana no nā hana ʻoihana a hāʻawi wale nā hoa hana ʻole i ke kapikala. ʻO nā ʻano nui o kahi CV:
– Māhele Kuleana: ʻO nā hoa hana ke kuleana piha no nā kuleana hoʻokele a me nā kuleana kānāwai, ʻoiai ʻo nā hoa hana ʻole e hana wale ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopukapuka kālā.
– ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana: E like me kahi ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi CV ma mua o kahi PT no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā koi hoʻokumu.
ʻO ka palena nui o kahi CV, ʻo ia ka kuleana palena ʻole o ka hoa hana, a ʻaʻohe mana o ka hoa passive i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā.
6. BUMN ( Nā ʻOihana o ke Aupuni )
ʻO kahi ʻoihana aupuni (BUMN) he ʻoihana nona ke aupuni, ma ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole ma ka hapa nui. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi BUMN, ʻo ia ka lawelawe ʻana i ka pono o ka lehulehu a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hana . He nui nā ʻano kūikawā o nā BUMN:
– Ona Aupuni: Hana ke aupuni ma ke ʻano he mea kuleana hapa nui.
– Lawelawe Lehulehu: ʻO ke kumu nui ka lawelawe aupuni a me ka hoʻomohala hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina ma mua o ka ʻimi wale ʻana i ka loaʻa kālā.
Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano he mau ʻoihana mokuʻāina, ʻike pinepine nā SOE i ka bureaucracy paʻakikī a nele i ka maʻalahi i ka pane ʻana i nā loli o ka mākeke.
7. Hoʻokumu
ʻAʻole he hui ʻoihana e pili ana i ka loaʻa kālā kahi kahua, akā, he hui e manaʻo ana e hoʻolako i nā pono pilikanaka, hoʻomana, a hoʻonaʻauao paha. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano o kahi kahua:
– Nā Pahuhopu Waiwai ʻole: E kālele ana i ka lawelawe kaiāulu a me nā hana pilikanaka ma mua o ka loaʻa kālā.
- Nā Waiwai Kaʻawale: Loaʻa i ka Foundation nā waiwai i kaʻawale mai nā waiwai o nā mea nāna i hoʻokumu.
ʻO ka pilikia nui no nā kahua, ʻo ia ka hoʻokele pono ʻana i nā kālā a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike maopopo i nā hana e mālama ai i ka hilinaʻi o nā mea hāʻawi a me ka lehulehu.
Ka hopena
ʻO ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano kūpono o ka hui ʻoihana he hana koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka holo ʻana i kahi ʻoihana. Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia ʻano hui ʻoihana i kona mau pono a me nā hemahema ponoʻī, ma muli o kāu mau pahuhopu ʻoihana, ke ʻano o ka kuleana, a me nā koi kapikala. Ma ke ʻano he mea kālepa, he mea nui e loiloi pono i kēlā me kēia koho i loaʻa e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o ka hui ʻoihana e kūlike loa me kāu hihiʻo a me kāu misionari. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hui ʻoihana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i nā manawa kūpono o kāu ʻoihana no ka holomua a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
