Ka Palekana o ke Kino a me kona mau Maʻi
Pendahuluan
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana pale kino kanaka kahi ʻōnaehana pale kūlohelohe i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i ke kino mai nā hoʻoweliweli like ʻole o waho, e like me ka bacteria, nā virus, nā fungi, a me nā parasites. Aia kēia ʻōnaehana i kahi pūnaewele paʻakikī o nā cell, nā protein, nā ʻōpū, a me nā ʻiʻo e hana pū ana e hakakā i nā pathogens e komo i loko o ke kino. Eia naʻe, e like me nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kino, ʻaʻole hana mau ka ʻōnaehana pale kino. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ka ʻōnaehana pale kino, pehea e hana ai, a me kekahi mau maʻi pale kino e hiki ke hana.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana pale: Pehea e hana ai
ʻElua mau ʻāpana nui o ka ʻōnaehana pale kino: ka pale kūlohelohe a me ka pale hoʻololi. ʻO ka pale kūlohelohe ka laina mua o ka pale a ʻaʻole kikoʻī. Hoʻokomo pū kēia ʻāpana i ka ʻili, nā membrane mucous, a me kekahi mau hunaola koko keʻokeʻo e like me nā macrophages a me nā neutrophils, nona ke kuleana no ka ʻai ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā pathogens.
ʻO ka pale palekana adaptive, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka laina pale ʻelua i ʻoi aku ka kikoʻī e kūʻē i nā pathogens kikoʻī. Hoʻopili ia i nā lymphocytes B a me T, hiki ke hoʻomanaʻo a hāʻawi i ka palekana ikaika a wikiwiki hoʻi ke hālāwai hou me ka pathogen like. ʻO nā antibodies i hana ʻia e nā cell B kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kēia pale palekana adaptive.
Nā ʻAno o nā Maʻi Palekana
Hiki mai nā maʻi pale kino ke hana hewa ka ʻōnaehana pale kino. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau maʻi i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana nui: immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, a me nā maʻi hypersensitivity (allergic).
1. Palekana ʻole
ʻO ka immunodeficiency ke nalowale kekahi hapa o ka ʻōnaehana pale a hana pono ʻole paha. Hiki i kēia kūlana ke kumu (congenital) a i ʻole lua (acquired).
– ʻO ka Palekana Mua: He maʻi hoʻoilina i loaʻa pinepine mai ka wā hānau. ʻO kahi laʻana ʻo Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai i nā maʻi nā pūnaewele pale kino a he kakaikahi a hana ʻole paha, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i mea maʻalahi loa i ka maʻi.
– ʻO ka hemahema lua o ka pale ʻana: Hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kumu o waho e like me ka maʻi, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a i ʻole nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka laʻana i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). I kēia hihia, hoʻouka ka maʻi i nā cell T, he mea nui no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi.
2. ʻO ke kūʻokoʻa ponoʻī
ʻO ka Autoimmunity kahi kūlana kahi e hoʻouka ai ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino i kāna mau hunaola a me nā ʻiʻo olakino ponoʻī me he mea lā he mea hoʻoweliweli lākou. ʻAʻole maopopo loa ke kumu kikoʻī o ka autoimmunity, akā he kuleana ko nā kumu genetic, ke kaiapuni, a me nā hormonal.
– Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): He maʻi autoimmune kahi e hoʻouka ai ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā hono, e hoʻoulu ai i ka mumū, ka ʻeha, a me ka hōʻino mau loa inā waiho ʻole ʻia.
– Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole o ke kino, e hana ana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka luhi nui, ka ʻeha o nā hono, a me nā ʻulaʻula ʻili.
– ʻAno 1 Diabetes: He kūlana kahi e hoʻouka ai ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā cell beta e hana ana i ka insulin o ka pancreas, e hopena ana i ka nele o ka insulin a me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kō koko.
3. Nā maʻi hypersensitivity (Allergies)
ʻO ka hypersensitivity kahi pane pale kino i hoʻonui ʻia a ʻano ʻē paha i kahi mea maʻamau ʻole. ʻO nā allergies kahi laʻana maʻamau o ka hypersensitivity.
– Nā maʻi ʻaleka meaʻai: ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi pane pale i kekahi mau meaʻai e like me nā nati, nā meaʻai kai, a i ʻole nā huahana waiū, hiki ke hana i nā hōʻailona mai nā hives akahai a hiki i ka anaphylaxis koʻikoʻi.
– ʻAʻai Hānai: He kūlana kahi e hoʻoulu ai nā allergens i ka mumū o nā alaloa hanu, e hoʻohaiki ai iā lākou a hana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana a me ke kuʻi ʻana.
ʻIke a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau
No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā maʻi pale kino, he mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻailona kūpono. ʻO ka maʻamau, pili kēia i kahi mōʻaukala piha, ka hoʻokolokolo kino, a me kahi moʻo o nā hoʻokolohua hale hana, e like me nā hoʻokolohua koko, e loiloi i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana pale kino.
Pili ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ke ʻano a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi pale kino.
– Palekana ʻole: Pono paha nā mea maʻi i ka immunoglobulin intravenous e pani i nā antibodies i nalowale, ka gene therapy, a i ʻole ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā cell stem e hoʻoponopono i nā kīnā genetic i hoʻoilina ʻia.
– Autoimmune: ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau immunosuppressant e hōʻemi i ka pane pale a pale i ka hōʻino hou ʻana o nā ʻiʻo. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā corticosteroids a me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory non-steroidal e hōʻemi i ka mumū a me ka ʻeha.
– Nā maʻi ʻaleka: ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau e komo pū ana me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ʻaleka, nā antihistamines, nā bronchodilators no ka hānō, a me ka epinephrine no nā hopena anaphylactic koʻikoʻi.
Kāohi ʻana
ʻOiai kekahi mau maʻi pale kino he mea hoʻoilina ia a ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia, aia kekahi mau hana hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e mālama i ke olakino o kāu ʻōnaehana pale kino a hoʻemi i kou pilikia o ka maʻi.
– Nohona Ola Kino: ʻO ka ʻai kaulike, ka hoʻoikaika kino mau, ka hiamoe kūpono, a me ka hoʻokele kaumaha he mau mea nui ia i ka mālama ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana pale olakino.
– Nā lāʻau pale: ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau pale i ʻōlelo ʻia e hiki ke pale i ke kino mai nā maʻi lele he nui e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi.
– Ka Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Pilikino: ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe e like me ka holoi mau ʻana i kou mau lima e hōʻemi ana i ka hiki ke pili i nā pathogens.
Ka hopena
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā ʻano ʻē i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia olakino like ʻole, mai nā maʻi hou a hiki i nā maʻi autoimmune a me nā allergies. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole o ka pale a pehea e hoʻokele ai iā lākou e kōkua iā mākou e makaʻala a hana mua i ka mālama ʻana i ko mākou olakino ponoʻī. Ma o ka ʻike kūpono a me ka mālama kūpono, hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia nā maʻi he nui, e ʻae ana i ka poʻe maʻi e ola i nā ola huahua a olakino.
