Palekana Hana a me ka Palekana ʻole: Ke Hoʻomaopopo nei i nā Palekana o ke Kino e Kūʻē i nā Maʻi
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana pale kino ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino kanaka, e pale ana iā mākou mai nā ʻano maʻi ʻino like ʻole e like me ka bacteria, nā virus, a me nā parasites. ʻO kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pale kino ʻo ia ka hiki o ke kino ke hoʻomohala i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi kikoʻī. Hiki i kēia pale ke hana a hana ʻole paha, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kino a i ʻole ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana me kēia pale. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i ka pale hana a me ka hana ʻole me ka hohonu, me ke ʻano o kā lākou hana, ko lākou mau pono a me nā hemahema, a me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.
Palekana Hana
Ka Wehewehena a me Pehea e Hana ai
ʻO ke ʻano palekana ikaika ke ʻano o ke kino e loaʻa ai ke kino i ka wā e hoʻoulu ʻia ai ka ʻōnaehana palekana e hana i nā antibodies a me nā lymphocytes (nā keʻokeʻo koko) e pili ana i kahi pathogen. Hoʻomohala ʻia kēia palekana ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o ke kanaka i kahi pathogen kikoʻī, ma ke ʻano maoli ma o ka maʻi a i ʻole ma o ka lāʻau pale ʻana.
Ke hōʻike ʻia ke kino i kahi pathogen, ʻike ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā antigens (nā māka) ma ka ʻili o ka pathogen ma ke ʻano he hoʻoweliweli. A laila hoʻāla nā lymphocytes B, kahi ʻano o ke koko keʻokeʻo, e hana i nā antibodies e kuhikuhi ana i kēia mau antigens. Eia kekahi, kōkua pū nā lymphocytes T i ka luku ʻana i nā cell i loaʻa i ka maʻi. ʻAʻole wale kēia kaʻina hana e hoʻopau i ka pathogen akā kūkulu pū i ka hoʻomanaʻo immunological, e ʻae ana i ke kino e pane wikiwiki a maikaʻi i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai i ka pathogen like i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ka Pale ʻAna: He ʻAno Hoʻolālā o ka Palekana Hana
ʻO ka lāʻau pale ka laʻana kaulana loa o ka pale ʻana i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke ʻano hana. Loaʻa i nā lāʻau pale nā antigens mai nā pathogens i hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia a pepehi ʻia paha, e pale ana iā lākou mai ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka maʻi akā ua lawa ia e hoʻoulu i kahi pane pale. ʻAe ka lāʻau pale i ke kino e kūkulu i ka hoʻomanaʻo pale me ka ʻole o ka pono no ka ʻike maoli ʻana i ka maʻi.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Pōʻino o ka Palekana Hana
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo ia kona mau lōʻihi, hiki ke mau no nā makahiki, a hiki i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Ma muli o kona ʻano kūikawā, he ikaika loa ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e kūʻē i ka maʻi like i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hemahema o ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi, ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e ulu ai. Ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana, pono ke kino i kekahi mau lā a i ʻole nā pule e hoʻomohala i kahi pane pale kūpono. I loko o kēia wā, hiki i ke kanaka ke maʻalahi i ka maʻi.
Palekana Hana ʻole
Ka Wehewehena a me Pehea e Hana ai
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi hana, pili ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi hana ʻole i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā antibodies mai kahi kumu waho pololei i loko o ke kino, me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī i ka pathogen. Hāʻawi ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi hana ʻole i ka pale koke akā he manawa pōkole wale nō ia.
Hiki ke kūlohelohe ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi ʻole, e like me ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā antibodies mai ka makuahine a i ka pēpē ma o ka placenta i ka wā hāpai a ma o ka waiū umauma ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, e pale ana i ka pēpē mai ka maʻi i nā mahina mua o ke ola. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi ʻole ma ke ʻano hana ma o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka serum a i ʻole nā antibodies i loaʻa ka immunoglobulin.
Hoʻohana Lapaʻau
I nā kūlana lapaʻau, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi i nā pilikia e hāʻawi i ka palekana wikiwiki i kekahi mau maʻi. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e komo pū me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka immunoglobulin e pale aku i ka rabies ma hope o ka nahu ʻana o ka holoholona a i ʻole e mālama i ka tetanus a me ka botulism issue.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Pōʻino o ka Palekana Passive
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka pale ʻole ʻana, ʻo ia ka palekana koke e hāʻawi ʻia ana, he mea nui ia i nā kūlana e pono ai ka pane koke ʻana i kahi maʻi e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke ola. He mea pono nō hoʻi ia no nā poʻe i hiki ʻole ke hoʻomohala i ka pale ʻana no nā kumu like ʻole, e like me nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana pale.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka palekana passive i ka hoʻomanaʻo immunological. ʻO ka pale āna e hāʻawi ai he manawa pōkole wale nō, e mau ana no kekahi mau pule a i ʻole mau mahina, ʻoiai ʻo nā antibodies i lawelawe ʻia ma waho e wāwahi ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ke kino.
Ka Hui Pū ʻana o ka Palekana Hana a me ka Palekana ʻole
I nā hihia he nui, ʻo ke ala kūpono loa e pale aku ai a mālama i nā maʻi lele e pili ana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻano palekana ʻelua. No ka laʻana, i kahi maʻi ahulau a i ʻole ka puka ʻana o kahi maʻi e laha wikiwiki ana, hiki ke lawelawe ʻia ka lāʻau pale nui (palekana hana) me ka immunoglobulin (palekana passive) e hāʻawi i ka palekana piha.
Nā Pilikia a me nā Hoʻomohala e Hiki Mai Ana
ʻOiai nā holomua i ka vaccinology a me ka immunotherapy, ke mau nei nā pilikia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka uhi ʻana a me ka pono o ka pale kino ikaika a me ka pale ʻole. ʻO nā pathogens e loli wikiwiki ana, e like me nā virus influenza a me SARS-CoV-2 (ka maʻi e hoʻoulu ai i ka COVID-19), pono e hoʻomau i ka hana hou ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau pale. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hana nui ʻana a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā immunoglobulins he pilikia logistical a me ka hoʻokele waiwai.
ʻO ka noiʻi nui a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou, e like me nā lāʻau pale mRNA i hoʻohana ʻia i nā lāʻau pale COVID-19, e hoʻohiki e hoʻonui i ka laulā o ka pale ʻana a hoʻonui i ka pono. Manaʻo ʻia kēia mau hana hou e hoʻoikaika i ko mākou hiki ke hakakā i nā maʻi lele i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pale kino hana a me ka pale ʻole e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo i nā hoʻoholo naʻauao hou aʻe i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi. Hāʻawi ka pale kino hana i ka pale lōʻihi ma o ka lāʻau pale a me ka ʻike kūlohelohe, ʻoiai ʻo ka pale kino passive e hāʻawi i ka pale koke i nā kūlana pilikia. Me kēia ʻike, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopili i nā hoʻolālā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino pilikino a me ke kaiāulu a hoʻolālā i nā hana olakino ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻololi ʻana e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia honua. ʻO ka pale kino ke kī i ko mākou olakino like, a ʻo ka mālama ʻana iā ia he kuleana like a hoʻomau.
