Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā Mea Kanu ma muli o ke Aniau
He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā mea kanu o nā kaiaolaola e kākoʻo ana i ke ola ma ka Honua. ʻAʻole lākou e hāʻawi wale i ka oxygen a mākou e hanu ai akā he kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā mea maka like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā ala kūpono loa e hoʻomaopopo a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, ʻo ia ke nānā ʻana pehea lākou e hoʻololi ai i nā ʻano aniau like ʻole a puni ka honua. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea kanu ma muli o ke aniau e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu i nā ʻano kūlana kaiapuni like ʻole. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea kanu ma muli o ke aniau a pehea e pili ai ko lākou hoʻololi ʻana i ko lākou ulu ʻana a me ke ola ʻana.
1. Ke aniau wela
Nā ʻano o ke aniau wela
ʻIke ʻia nā aniau wela i nā makahiki āpau me ka liʻiliʻi o ka loli o ke kau. Kiʻekiʻe ka ua a loaʻa pinepine i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, me kekahi mau wahi e ʻike nei i kahi kau maloʻo pōkole.
Nā Mea Kanu Tropical
Loaʻa i nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma nā wahi wela nā hoʻololi kūikawā e kū ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka haʻahaʻa a me nā mahana mau. ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kanu wela:
– Lāʻau Maiʻa (Musa spp.): He mea kanu wela maʻamau ka maiʻa e pono ai ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o ka lā e ulu maikaʻi ai.
– Niu (Cocos nucifera): Ulu nui ma nā wahi kahakai wela, kūpaʻa ka niu i nā kūlana paʻakai a me nā makani ikaika.
– ʻOhe (Bambusoideae): Ulu wikiwiki loa ka ʻohe a hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi wela like ʻole.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea kanu wela e komo pinepine i nā lau ākea e hopu i ka nui o ka lā e like me ka hiki a me nā aʻa ākea e omo i ka wai a me nā meaola.
2. Ke aniau subtropical
Nā ʻano o ke aniau subtropical
He wela a pulu nā kauwela ma nā ʻano ʻāina subtropical a he ʻoluʻolu a he kaulike hoʻi nā hoʻoilo. ʻOkoʻa ka ua akā kiʻekiʻe mau nō ia, ʻoiai hoʻi i ke kauwela.
Nā Mea Kanu Subtropical
Pono nā mea kanu ma nā wahi subtropical e hoʻololi i nā kūlana maloʻo a me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe i ke kauwela. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kanu subtropical:
– Nā ʻalani (Citrus spp.): Pono nā ʻalani a me nā mea kanu hua citrus ʻē aʻe i ka nui o ka lā a ulu pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi subtropical.
ʻOliva (Olea europaea): Ulu maikaʻi nā ʻoliva ma nā wahi subtropical me nā kauwela lōʻihi a maloʻo.
– Nā lāʻau Magnolia (Magnolia spp.): Ua kaulana ʻo Magnolias no ko lākou mau pua nui a ʻala, a ulu lākou i nā aniau subtropical.
ʻO nā hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea kanu subtropical e komo pinepine i ka hiki ke ola i nā kūlana maloʻo a pale aku i nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā wahi me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka makū.
3. Ke aniau mahana
Nā ʻano o ke aniau mahana
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka loli o ke kau ma nā ʻano aniau mahana, me nā kauwela mehana a me nā hoʻoilo anu. Hoʻolaha like ʻia ka ua i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.
Nā Mea Kanu o ke Aniau Paʻa
Pono nā mea kanu i ulu ʻia ma nā ʻano mahana haʻahaʻa e hiki ke kū i nā ʻano mahana kiʻekiʻe aʻe a hoʻokomo pinepine i kahi manawa hoʻomaha hoʻoilo. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa:
– Palaoa (Triticum spp.): He mea kanu palaoa ka palaoa i mahi nui ʻia ma nā ʻāina mahana.
– Maple (Acer spp.): Ua kaulana nā lāʻau Maple no ko lākou lau e hoʻololi i ke kala i ka hāʻule a ulu maikaʻi lākou i nā aniau mahana.
– Nā ʻāpala (Malus domestica): Pono nā lāʻau ʻāpala i kahi wā anuanu e hua ai i nā hua me ka maikaʻi loa, no laila ua kūpono lākou i nā aniau mahana.
ʻO nā hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea kanu mahana e komo pinepine i nā ala e ola ai i nā ʻano āpau o ke aniau, e like me ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā lau e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka wai i ka hoʻoilo.
4. Ke Aniau Maloʻo (Wao nahele)
Nā ʻano o ke aniau maloʻo
He haʻahaʻa loa ka ua a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana i ke ao a haʻahaʻa loa i ka pō.
Nā Mea Kanu o ka Wao nahele
He mau hoʻololi kūikawā ko nā mea kanu wao nahele e ola ai i kēia mau kūlana koʻikoʻi, e like me:
– Cactus (Cactaceae): He mānoanoa ko Cactus e mālama i ka wai a me nā spines e pale aku ai i nā mea ʻaihue a hōʻemi i ka transpiration.
– Agave (Agave spp.): He lau mānoanoa a emi ko Agave a me kahi ʻōnaehana aʻa ākea e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻimi i ka wai ma nā wahi ʻōlohelohe.
– Semi-sporic (Ephedra spp.): He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ko kēia mau mea kanu e kuleana no ka photosynthesis, ma kahi o nā lau, e kōkua ana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nalowale o ka wai.
ʻO nā hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea kanu wao nahele e komo pinepine i ka hiki ke mālama i ka wai, ma o nā stomata e pani ana i ke ao a me nā aʻa e hiki ke laha i nā wahi lōʻihi e ʻimi i nā kumu wai.
5. Ke Aniau Polar
Nā ʻano o ke aniau polar
ʻO ke aniau polar ke ʻano o nā mahana anuanu loa no ka hapa nui o ka makahiki me nā kauwela pōkole loa. He haʻahaʻa loa ka ua, ʻo ka hapa nui ma ke ʻano o ka hau.
Nā Mea kanu Polar
Pono nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma nā aniau polar e paʻa loa a hiki ke ola i nā mahana hau a me nā wā mālamalama palena loa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kanu polar:
– Moss (Bryophyta): ʻO Moss kekahi o nā mea kanu maʻamau ma nā wahi polar no ka mea hiki ke ulu i ka lepo lahilahi a he kuleana koʻikoʻi kona i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka lepo.
– Lichen: He mau meaola symbiotic ʻo Lichen i loaʻa pinepine ma nā pōhaku a hiki ke ola i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi me ka liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai.
– Willow (Salix spp.): Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano willow ke ulu ma ka tundra arctic me nā hoʻololi e like me nā lau liʻiliʻi a me ka ulu haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea kanu polar e komo pinepine i ka ulu haʻahaʻa e pale aku i nā makani ikaika a me ka hiki ke ola ʻoiai ke uhi ʻia i ka hau no ka hapa nui o ka makahiki.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea kanu ma ke aniau e hāʻawi iā mākou i ka ʻike hohonu i ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea kanu i ko lākou wahi noho. Mai nā ululāʻau ulu lāʻau a hiki i nā wahi polar ʻōlohelohe, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea kanu kona ala kū hoʻokahi e ola ai a ulu pono ai. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau hoʻololi ʻana ʻaʻole wale no nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao a me ka ʻepekema akā no nā hana mahiʻai, ka mālama ʻana, a me ke kulekele kaiapuni.
Ma ke aʻo ʻana i kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomohala i nā hoʻolālā maikaʻi aʻe e mālama i ka biodiversity, hoʻonui i nā hua mahiʻai, a hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia kaiapuni a mākou e kū nei, e like me ka loli o ke aniau. ʻO nā hoʻololi a nā mea kanu i aʻo ai i nā tausani makahiki e hāʻawi i nā haʻawina waiwai nui e pono ai mākou e aʻo a hoʻopili no ka wā e hiki mai ana o ko mākou honua.
