Nā Hana Geophysical i nā Haʻawina Geomorphological
ʻO Geomorphology, ke aʻo ʻepekema o nā ʻano ʻāina a me nā kaʻina hana e hoʻopili ai iā lākou, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻilikai o ka Honua. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu ka ʻoihana me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻano hana ʻepekema like ʻole, ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea he geophysics. Ua lilo nā ʻano hana geophysical i mau mea hana pono no nā geomorphologists, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike kikoʻī ʻole i nā ʻano a me nā kaʻina hana o lalo o ka ʻilikai. Hoʻonui kēia mau ʻano hana i ko mākou ʻike ʻana i nā hanana geological e hoʻopili ai i nā ʻano ʻāina, e hiki ai ke wānana pololei a me ka hoʻokele pono ʻana i nā ʻāina kūlohelohe.
ʻIkepili o nā Hana Geophysical
Pili nā ʻano hana geophysical i ke ana ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā waiwai kino o ka honua. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia kēia mau ʻano hana i kekahi mau ʻano, me nā ana seismic, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, a me ke umekaumaha. Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia ʻano hana i nā pono kūikawā a kūpono no nā noiʻi geomorphological like ʻole.
Nā Hana Haʻalulu
ʻO nā ʻano hana seismic kekahi o nā ʻano hana geophysical i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka geomorphology. Pili kēia mau ʻano hana i ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā nalu seismic e noiʻi i nā ʻano o lalo o ka ʻili. ʻO nā ʻano nui ʻelua o nā anamanaʻo seismic he reflection seismic a me ka refraction seismic.
1. Hoʻopololei Seismic: Ke ana nei kēia ʻano hana i ka manawa e pono ai no nā nalu seismic i hana ʻia e hoʻopololei mai nā papa o lalo o ka ʻili a hoʻi i ka ʻili. Hāʻawi ia i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā ʻano o lalo o ka ʻili, he mea nui ia no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka stratigraphy, ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka sediment, a me ka hana tectonic.
2. Seismic Refraction: I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ana ka seismic refraction i ka manawa huakaʻi o nā nalu seismic e refract ma nā palena o lalo o ka honua. He mea pono loa ia no ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i ka hohonu a me ka haku mele ʻana o nā papa honua like ʻole, me ka ʻike ʻana i ka pōhaku moe a me nā aquifers.
Nā Hana Magnetic
Ana nā ana hoʻāʻo makeneka i nā ʻokoʻa o ke kahua makeneka o ka Honua i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke alo o nā minelala makeneka ma lalo o ka honua. He kūpono loa kēia mau ʻano hana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hale i kanu ʻia e like me nā dikes, nā hewa, a me nā hiʻohiʻona geological ʻē aʻe e hoʻohuli i nā kaʻina hana geomorphological.
1. Magnetometry: Ke ana nei kēia ʻano hana i ka ikaika holoʻokoʻa o ke kahua magnetic a me kona mau anomalies. Hōʻike pinepine nā loli i nā waiwai magnetic i ke alo o nā ʻano pōhaku like ʻole a i ʻole nā hale i kanu ʻia, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike i nā ʻano honua e hoʻohuli i nā ʻano ʻāina.
2. Magnetic Gradiometry: Ma ke ana ʻana i ka gradient o ke kahua magnetic, hoʻonui kēia ʻano hana i ka hoʻonā a me ka pololei o ka ʻike ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o lalo o ka ʻilikai, e lilo ia i mea waiwai nui no nā ana ʻana archaeological a me geomorphological.
Nā ʻAno Uila
Ana nā ʻano hana uila i ke kū'ē ʻana o lalo o ka ʻilikai a me ka conductivity, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike waiwai e pili ana i nā kūlana geological a me hydrological. ʻO nā ʻano hana uila koʻikoʻi ʻelua he mau anamanaʻo kū'ē a me ka polarization induced (IP).
1. Nā Anamanaʻo Kū'ē: Pili kēia mau anamanaʻo i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi au uila i loko o ka lepo a me ke ana ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa voltage i loaʻa. Hiki i nā ʻokoʻa o ka kū'ē ke hōʻike i nā ʻano lepo like ʻole, nā ʻano pōhaku, a me ke alo o ka wai honua.
2. Induced Polarization (IP): Ana ʻo IP i ka pane lohi (polarization) o nā mea o lalo o ka ʻilikai i kahi kahua uila i hoʻopili ʻia. Kōkua kēia ʻano hana i ka ʻike ʻana i nā waihona mineral, ka nui o ka lepo, a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe e hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻāina.
Nā Hana Uila
ʻO nā ʻano hana Electromagnetic (EM) he mau ʻano hana invasive ʻole e ana i ka conductivity subsurface a me nā waiwai magnetic. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau ʻano hana no ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano geological, ka ʻimi ʻana i ka wai honua, a me nā haʻawina kaiapuni.
1. Radar Penetrating Ground (GPR): Hoʻohana ʻo GPR i nā nalu EM alapine kiʻekiʻe e kiʻi i ke kiʻi o ka ʻili honua. He mea kūpono loa ia no ke aʻo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻili honua pāpaʻu, e like me nā papa lepo, nā mea i kanu ʻia, a me nā ʻano sedimentary. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo GPR i nā haʻawina geomorphological o nā wahi fluvial, kahakai, a me nā glacial.
2. Frequency Domain EM (FDEM): Ana ʻo FDEM i ka conductivity uila o ka subsurface me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kahua EM haʻahaʻa. He mea pono ia no ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i ka makū o ka lepo, ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea i kanu ʻia, a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka permafrost a me nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi geomorphologically ʻē aʻe.
Nā Hana Umekaumaha
Ke ana nei nā anamanaʻo umekaumaha i nā ʻokoʻa o ke kahua umekaumaha o ka Honua i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka ʻili honua. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻokoʻa i ka ʻike i nā ʻano hana honua, me nā hewa, nā kīʻaha, a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe e hoʻohuli i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻāina.
1. Gravimetry: Ma ke ana ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka umekaumaha ma nā wahi like ʻole, kōkua ka gravimetry i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka ʻili honua. He mea pono loa kēia ʻano hana no ke aʻo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona geomorphological nui e like me nā pae mauna, nā awāwa rift, a me nā kīʻaha sedimentary.
Nā noi ma Geomorphology
He ʻano like ʻole nā noi o nā ʻano hana geophysical i ka geomorphology, e hoʻonui nui ana i ko mākou ʻike i nā ʻano ʻāina a me nā kaʻina hana e hoʻopili ai iā lākou. ʻO kekahi mau noi koʻikoʻi:
1. Nā Haʻawina ʻŌlaʻi a me nā Haʻawina Hewa: He mea koʻikoʻi nā ʻano hana Seismic no ke kaha palapala ʻana i nā ʻano hewa a me ka loiloi ʻana i nā pōʻino seismic. Hāʻawi lākou i ka ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā hewa, ka hana, a me nā pilikia kūpono, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻolālā hoʻohana ʻāina maikaʻi a me ka hoʻokele pōʻino.
2. Geomorphology Fluvial: Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana Geophysical e like me GPR a me nā anamanaʻo resistivity e aʻo i nā kahawai muliwai, nā pāpū kahe, a me nā waihona sedimentary. Kōkua kēia mau ʻenehana i ke kūkulu hou ʻana i nā dinamika muliwai i hala, ka lawe ʻana o ka sediment, a me ka mōʻaukala kahe, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻokele muliwai a me nā papahana hoʻihoʻi.
3. Nā Haʻawina Kahakai a me ke Kai: Ma ke ʻano honua kahakai, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana geophysical e noiʻi i nā ʻano kahakai, nā ʻano one, a me nā hiʻohiʻona o lalo o ka wai. He mea nui kēia mau haʻawina no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻino ʻana o ke kahakai, ka dinamika o ka sediment, a me ka hopena o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻilikai ma nā wahi kahakai.
4. Nā Kaiapuni Hau a me Periglacial: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻano hana GPR a me electromagnetic e aʻo i nā glaciers, nā pepa hau, a me nā wahi permafrost. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻenehana i ka ʻike i ka mānoanoa o ka glacier, ke ʻano kūloko, a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻāina hau, e hoʻonui ana i ko mākou ʻike i nā kaʻina hana hau i hala a me kēia manawa.
5. Ka Nānā ʻana i ke Paʻa o ka ʻĀina Heʻe a me ka Piʻina: Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano uila a me ke seismic e loiloi i nā wahi i maʻalahi i ka heʻe a loiloi i ke kūpaʻa o ka piʻina. Kōkua kēia mau anamanaʻo i ka ʻike ʻana i nā wahi nāwaliwali, nānā i ka neʻe ʻana o ka honua, a hoʻomohala i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha mua no nā wahi i maʻalahi i ka heʻe.
6. Nā Haʻawina Kaiapuni a me nā ʻIkepili ʻAnahonua: He waiwai nui nā ʻano hana Geophysical i ka geomorphology kaiapuni a me nā ʻikepili ʻana. Kōkua lākou i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea hana i kanu ʻia, ka palapala ʻāina ʻāina kahiko, a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka haumia o ka lepo, e kōkua ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻoilina a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni.
Panina
Ua hoʻololi nā ʻano hana Geophysical i ke kahua o ka geomorphology, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea hana ikaika e noiʻi a hoʻomaopopo i nā kaʻina hana o ka ʻili a me lalo o ka Honua. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o kēia mau ʻano hana e hiki ai i nā geomorphologists ke hana i nā haʻawina hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe ʻole o nā ʻāina, e hoʻonui ana i ko mākou ʻike i nā kaʻina hana e hoʻopili ai i ko mākou honua. I ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana, e hoʻomau nā ʻano hana geophysical i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia o ka noiʻi geomorphological, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻokele ʻāina hoʻomau a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni.
