Ke ʻike nei i nā ʻano o nā pōhaku Sedimentary Clastic
ʻO nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic kahi ʻano pōhaku sedimentary i hoʻokumu ʻia mai ka waiho ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ʻāpana pōhaku a i ʻole nā minelala i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ko lākou pōhaku makua ma o ka wā a me ka ʻino. He mea nui ka ʻike i nā ʻano o kēia mau pōhaku ma nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka geology, mining, a me ka ʻenekinia kīwila. E kūkākūkā hohonu kēia ʻatikala pehea e ʻike ai i nā ʻano o nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic, nā mea e hoʻohuli iā lākou, a me nā laʻana a me nā noi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.
Hoʻolauna: He aha nā Pōhaku Sedimentary Clastic?
ʻO nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic kahi ʻano pōhaku sedimentary i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana clastic. Hiki i kēia mau ʻāpana clastic ke lilo i mau ʻāpana o nā nui like ʻole, mai nā hua liʻiliʻi a i nā ʻāpana nui. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kēia mau pōhaku e pili ana i kekahi mau pae nui, e hoʻomaka ana me ka wā o ka pōhaku makua, ka lawe ʻana o nā ʻāpana e ka wai, ka makani, a i ʻole ka hau, a ʻo ka hope loa, ka sedimentation a me ka lithification (solidification).
Ke Kaʻina Hana o nā Pōhaku Sedimentary Clastic
1. Ka ʻino a me ka ʻinoʻino: ʻO ka ʻinoʻino ke kaʻina hana e wāwahi ai nā pōhaku i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma muli o nā hopena o ke aniau, ka wai, nā kemika, a i ʻole nā meaola ola. A laila lawe ka ʻinoʻino i kēia mau ʻāpana mai ka pōhaku makua.
2. Ka Hāpai ʻana: ʻO nā ʻāpana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a ʻānai ʻia e lawe ʻia e nā mea halihali e like me ka wai, ka makani, a i ʻole ka hau. I loko o kēia pae, e ʻānai ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana ma muli o ko lākou nui a me ka nui.
3. Sedimentation: E hoʻopilikia ʻia nā ʻāpana i lawe ʻia e nā mea lawe i ka wā e emi ai ka ikehu lawe, no ka laʻana ke emi ka wikiwiki o ka wai o ka muliwai a i ʻole ke nāwaliwali ka makani.
4. Lithification: Ma hope o ka waiho ʻana, e hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana, e hana ana i ka pōhaku paʻa.
Nā ʻano o nā Pōhaku Sedimentary Clastic
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic e pili ana i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano, me ke ʻano, ka haku mele ʻana, a me ke ʻano. Eia kekahi mau ʻano koʻikoʻi o nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic:
1. ʻAno
ʻO ke ʻano o nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic e pili ana i ka nui, ke ʻano, a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā hua i loko o ka pōhaku. Hiki i kēia ʻano ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka lawe ʻana a me ka waiho ʻana.
– Ka Nui o ka Hua: Hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa ka nui o nā hua a i ʻole nā clastics i loko o nā pōhaku sedimentary. Loaʻa kēia mau mea mai ka lepo maikaʻi (ka nui o nā ʻāpana <0.004 mm), ka silt (0.004-0.0625 mm), ke one (0.0625-2 mm), a hiki i ka ʻiliʻili a me nā pōhaku nui (>2 mm). Hoʻoholo pinepine ka nui o ka hua i ka inoa o ka pōhaku. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka pōhaku i hoʻomalu ʻia e ke one ua kapa ʻia ʻo sandstone.
– ʻAno o ka hua palaoa: ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ka hua palaoa, mai ka wā kahiko loa a ʻānai ʻia a hiki i ka ʻoi a me ke kihi. Hiki i kēia ʻano ke hōʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻānai ʻia ʻana e nā ʻūpā i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana.
– Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana: ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka like ʻana o ka nui o ka palaoa i loko o kahi pōhaku. ʻO kahi pōhaku i hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻia he mau hua like ka nui, ʻoiai ʻo kahi pōhaku i hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻole ʻia he mau hua o nā nui like ʻole.
2. Hoʻonohonoho ʻana
ʻO ka hoʻohuihui mineral o nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic kekahi ʻano nui e kōkua ai i ka ʻike ʻana.
– Quartz: ʻO kēia ka mineral maʻamau i loaʻa i nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic ma muli o kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻoilo kemika.
– Feldspar: ʻOiai maʻalahi ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ʻana, loaʻa pinepine ka feldspar i nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻano pōhaku ʻōpio.
– Nā ʻĀpana Pōhaku: Loaʻa pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka pōhaku makua, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic i hoʻokumu kokoke i ko lākou pōhaku kumu.
3. Struktur
ʻO ke ʻano pōhaku e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā papa i loko o kahi pōhaku a me nā hiʻohiʻona kūloko ʻē aʻe.
– Moe: ʻO ka moena a i ʻole ka papa ʻana ka hale maʻamau, e hōʻike ana i nā papa like ʻole i nā pōhaku i hoʻokumu ʻia ma muli o nā kaʻina hana waiho pinepine ʻia.
– Cross-moe ʻana: Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano ma muli o ka sedimentation e hana ʻia ana ma kahi kihi oblique, i loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā kahawai a i ʻole nā wahi wao nahele.
– Moe Papa: Hōʻike kēia ʻano i nā loli kū pololei i ka nui o ka palaoa, e hōʻike pinepine ana i nā loli i ka ikehu waiho ʻana.
Ka Mana o ke Kaiapuni Sedimentation
ʻO ke kaiapuni kahi e waiho ai kahi pōhaku sedimentary clastic he hopena nui i kona mau ʻano. ʻO kekahi mau kaiapuni waiho nui:
– Kaiapuni wai (muliwai): Maanei, hōʻike pinepine nā pōhaku i nā ʻano moe keʻa a he ʻokoʻa nā nui o ka palaoa, ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ke au.
– Kaiapuni Delta: Hōʻike pinepine nā pōhaku i hana ʻia ma nā deltas i nā ʻāpana maikaʻi ma muli o ka ikehu o kēia au haʻahaʻa.
– Kaiapuni Hau: Maanei, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻia nā pōhaku no ka mea hiki i nā hau ke lawe i nā ʻāpana pōhaku o nā nui like ʻole i ka manawa like.
– Kaiapuni Aeolian (makani): Hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻia ke one ma nā wao nahele a hōʻike i ka moena maikaʻi.
Haʻawina Hihia: Pōhaku One a me ka Hui Pūʻulu
ʻElua mau hiʻohiʻona nui o nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic he one pōhaku a me ka conglomerate.
– Pōhaku one: Hana ʻia me nā ʻano one he quartz ka hapa nui, loaʻa pinepine ka pōhaku one ma nā wahi kahakai, muliwai, a me ka wao nahele. ʻO kona ʻano maikaʻi a me ka hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi e hōʻike pinepine ana i ka lawe ʻana i kahi mamao loa.
– Conglomerate: Loaʻa nā clasts nui aʻe (>2 mm), ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻia kēia pōhaku a hōʻike i nā ʻāpana nui a kahiko. Loaʻa pinepine ka Conglomerate ma kahi kokoke i ka pōhaku kumu, e like me ke kumu o nā mauna.
Nā Hoʻohana i ke Ola o kēlā me kēia Lā
He nui nā noi pono o ka ʻike o nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic, me:
– ʻEli ʻana: Nui nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe e like me ke one, ka ʻiliʻili, a me nā ʻano minelala waiwai like ʻole i loaʻa i nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic.
– ʻEnekinia Kīwila: He mea nui ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me nā waiwai o nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale, nā alanui, a me nā pā.
– Kaiapuni: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka loiloi sediment e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka mōʻaukala kaiapuni a me ka loli o ke aniau.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano o nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic e pili ana i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ko lākou ʻano, ka haku mele ʻana, a me ke ʻano. He kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi nā kaʻina hana hoʻokumu a me nā wahi waiho ʻana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kēia mau ʻano. Me ka hoʻomaopopo piha ʻana i nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana i kēia ʻike no nā ʻano hana like ʻole a me nā kumu ʻepekema. Hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻike ke kōkua i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, ka hoʻolālā hoʻomohala ʻana, a me ke aʻo ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka mōʻaukala o ka Honua. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo piha ʻana i nā pōhaku sedimentary clastic ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻonui i ka ʻike ʻepekema akā he hopena koʻikoʻi hoʻi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.
