ʻOkoʻa ma waena o ka Catabolism a me ka Anabolism
ʻO ka Metabolism ka moʻo o nā hopena kemika i loko o ke kino e hiki ai i nā meaola ola ke ola ma ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou ʻano a me ka hana. ʻO nā kaʻina hana nui ʻelua e pili ana i ka metabolism ʻo ia ka catabolism a me ka anabolism. ʻOiai he mea nui a pili pū nā mea ʻelua, he ʻokoʻa loa kā lākou hana i ka biology cellular. E ʻimi kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka catabolism a me ka anabolism a pehea lākou e hana pū ai e kākoʻo i ke ola.
Ka Wehewehena a me ka Hana
Ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana catabolism
ʻO ka Catabolism kahi hana metabolic e wāwahi i nā molekala paʻakikī i nā mea maʻalahi, e hana pinepine ana i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kaʻina hana catabolic e komo pū me ka glycolysis, ke kaʻina hana Krebs, a me ke kaulahao lawe electron. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ikehu i hana ʻia mai kēia mau kaʻina hana e kākoʻo i nā hana cellular e pono ai ka ikehu, e like me ka neʻe ʻana, ka synthesis molekala, a me ka metabolism. a me ka mālama ʻana i nā gradients electrochemical ma waena o nā membrane cell.
Anabolism
ʻO ka Anabolism, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana metabolic e kūkulu i nā molekala paʻakikī mai nā mea maʻalahi. Pono kēia kaʻina hana i ka ikehu, ka mea maʻamau e loaʻa mai ka ATP i hana ʻia i ka wā catabolism. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā kaʻina hana anabolic hoʻohuihui protein, ka hana hou ʻana o ka DNA, a me ka biosynthesis lipid. ʻO kēia mau kaʻina hana mea nui no ka ulu ʻana, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻiʻo, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o nā molekala organik e like me ka glycogen a me ka momona.
ʻAno Hana
Ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana catabolism
He exothermic pinepine nā hopena catabolic, kahi e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ka ikehu i ka wā o ka haki ʻana o nā molekala. ʻO kahi laʻana nui ʻo ka glycolysis, kahi e wāwahi ʻia ai kekahi molekala glucose i ʻelua mau molekala pyruvate, e hana ana i ka ATP a me NADH. Pili kēia kaʻina hana i nā enzymes kikoʻī loa e hoʻoulu ai i nā hopena ma kēlā me kēia pae.
Anabolism
ʻO ka maʻamau, he endothermic nā hopena anabolic, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e omo ʻia ka ikehu e hoʻomaka ai ka hopena. No ka laʻana, pono ka synthesis protein i ka ikehu mai ATP e hana i nā pilina peptide ma waena o nā waikawa amino. Hilinaʻi nui kēia kaʻina hana i nā enzymes kūikawā e kuhikuhi i nā hopena e hana i nā huahana hope loa e pono ai nā cell.
Hoʻoponopono a me ka Hoʻonohonoho ʻana
Hoʻoponopono pono ʻia kēia mau kaʻina hana ʻelua e mālama i ke kaulike ikehu i loko o ke kelepona . Hoʻomalu pinepine ʻia nā enzymes e pili ana i ka catabolism a me ka anabolism e nā ʻano hana hoʻoponopono like ʻole e like me ka phosphorylation, ka pale ʻana i ka manaʻo, a me ka kaohi allosteric. No ka laʻana, hoʻoponopono ʻia nā enzymes koʻikoʻi i ka glycolysis e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻole ʻia o ka ikehu keu.
ʻO ka insulin a me ka glucagon he mau hormones e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaulike ma waena o ka catabolism a me ka anabolism. Hoʻolaha ka insulin i nā kaʻina hana anabolic e like me ka glycogen a me ka synthesis lipid, ʻoiai ʻo ka glucagon e hoʻolaha i nā kaʻina hana catabolic e like me ka haki ʻana o ka glycogen a me nā lipids e hāʻawi i ka glucose ma ke ʻano he kumu ikehu.
Nā Laʻana Paʻa
Ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana catabolism
Glycolysis: Ke kaʻina hana e wāwahi ʻia ai kekahi molekole glucose i ʻelua mau molekole pyruvate i loko o ka cytoplasm o ke kelepona.
– Krebs Cycle: Ma hope o ka glycolysis, ua hydrolyzed hou ʻia ka pyruvate i loko o ka mitochondria e hana iā NADH a me FADH2 a me ATP.
– Kaulahao Hoʻoili Uila: Hoʻopau ʻia ʻo NADH a me FADH2 e hana i nā nui he nui o ATP ma o ka phosphorylation oxidative.
Anabolism
Hana ʻia ka Protein: Hoʻomaopopo nā ribosome i ka mRNA e hōʻuluʻulu i nā waikawa amino i loko o nā protein.
– Hoʻopili hou ʻana o ka DNA: Ke kaʻina hana o ka pāpālua ʻana i nā mea genetic ma mua o ka māhele ʻana o nā cell.
– Lipid Biosynthesis: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Acetyl-CoA no ka synthesis o nā waikawa momona a laila hui pū ʻia i loko o nā triglycerides a i ʻole phospholipids.
Nā ʻokoʻa ikehu
Pili loa nā ikehu o ka catabolism a me ka anabolism i ke kūlana ikehu o nā cell. Hana ka catabolism e hana i ka ATP, ka mea e pono ai ma ke ʻano he "kālā ikehu" i loko o nā cell. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka haki ʻana o ka glucose ma o ka glycolysis, ke kaʻina hana Krebs, a me ke kaulahao lawe electron hiki ke hana i kahi 30-32 mau mole ATP mai kahi mole glucose hoʻokahi.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, pono ka anabolism i kahi hoʻopukapuka kālā o ka ikehu. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka synthesis o hoʻokahi mole glycogen mai ka glucose e pono ai ka ikehu mai ka uridine triphosphate (UTP), ʻoiai ʻo ka synthesis o hoʻokahi mole protein mai nā waikawa amino e pono ai kekahi mau mole ATP a me GTP no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilina peptide.
Pōʻaiapili Kelepona a me ke Kino
Ma ka pae cellular, hana ʻia kēia mau kaʻina hana ʻelua ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kelepona. Hoʻomaka ka catabolism ma ka cytoplasm a hoʻomau i loko o ka mitochondria, ʻoiai he nui nā hopena anabolic e hana ʻia ma ka endoplasmic reticulum a me ka Golgi apparatus.
I ke kino, e ʻike nā ʻiʻo e hana ikaika ana i ka wā o ka hana kino i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka metabolism catabolic e hana i ka ikehu lawa no ka ʻūlū ʻana o nā ʻiʻo. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana o nā hunaola ate i nā kaʻina hana anabolic, e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka glucose ma ke ʻano he glycogen a me ka synthesis lipid.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka catabolism a me ka anabolism he ʻelua ʻaoʻao o ke kālā hoʻokahi: ka metabolism, he mea nui ia no ke ola. Hoʻopau ka catabolism i nā molekala paʻakikī i nā mea maʻalahi a hana i ka ikehu e pono ai nā cell. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kūkulu ka anabolism i nā molekala paʻakikī mai nā mea maʻalahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu i hana ʻia e ka catabolism. Hoʻoponopono pono ʻia nā mea ʻelua e nā ʻano hana olaola like ʻole e mālama i ka homeostasis a me ka hana cellular kūpono. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa a me nā pilina ma waena o nā mea ʻelua e hāʻawi i ka ʻike i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana o ke kino i ke kaulike a me ka pono e like me kāna mau pono physiological.
