Ke Kūlana o nā Leukocytes i loko o ka ʻŌnaehana Palekana
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā Leukocytes, a i ʻole nā keʻokeʻo koko, i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino a me ka pale ʻana i ke kino mai nā maʻi like ʻole. Me ka ʻole o kahi ʻōnaehana leukocyte kūpono, e palupalu ko mākou kino i ka maʻi e nā microorganism pathogenic, e like me ka bacteria, nā virus, nā fungi, a me nā parasites. Hana nā Leukocytes ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana pale mua, e ʻike ana a hakakā ana i nā mea hoʻoulu maʻi ma ke ʻano paʻakikī a hoʻonohonoho pū ʻia. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i ke kuleana o nā leukocytes i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale, me nā ʻano leukocytes like ʻole a me kā lākou mau ʻano hana.
Nā ʻano o nā Leukocytes
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā leukocytes i ʻelua mau ʻano like ʻole e like me kā lākou hana a me nā ʻano morphological:
1. Nā Neutrophils: ʻO ke ʻano leukocyte nui loa i loko o ke koko a hana ma ke ʻano he laina pale mua e kūʻē i nā maʻi bacteria a me nā fungal. Hiki i nā Neutrophils ke neʻe koke i kahi o ka maʻi a hana i ka phagocytosis, ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopuni ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā pathogens.
2. Nā Lymphocytes: Ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻano nui: nā pūnaewele T a me nā pūnaewele B. He kuleana ko nā pūnaewele T i ka pane ʻana o ka pale ʻana o ke kelepona ma o ka pepehi ʻana i nā pūnaewele i loaʻa i ka maʻi a i ʻole ke kōkua ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pane ʻana o ka pale ʻana. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kuleana nā pūnaewele B no ka hana ʻana i nā antibodies i ka pane ʻana o ka pale ʻana o ka humoral.
3. Nā Monocytes: Ma hope o ke kaʻapuni ʻana i loko o ke koko, hiki i nā monocytes ke neʻe i nā ʻiʻo a hoʻokaʻawale i nā macrophages a i ʻole nā pūnaewele dendritic. Loaʻa i nā mea ʻelua kahi kuleana i ka phagocytosis a me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka antigen i nā pūnaewele T, ke kī i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka pane pale adaptive.
4. Nā Eosinophil: Hoʻokomo i ka pane ʻana o ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi parasitic a he kuleana hoʻi i nā hopena allergies. Loaʻa i nā Eosinophils ka hiki ke luku i nā pathogens ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā enzymes e hōʻino i ka membrane o ka microorganism.
5. Basophils: ʻOiai ʻo lākou ka hapa liʻiliʻi loa, he kuleana ko nā basophils i nā hopena allergies a me ka mumū. Hoʻokuʻu lākou i ka histamine a me nā kemika ʻē aʻe e hoʻoponopono i nā pane mumū.
ʻAno Hana Leukocyte
Hana nā leukocytes ma o nā ʻano hana like ʻole e pale ai i ke kino mai ka maʻi a me nā maʻi. Eia kekahi o nā ʻano hana nui a lākou e hoʻohana ai:
ʻO ka phagocytosis
ʻO ka Phagocytosis ke kaʻina hana e hoʻopuni ai nā leukocytes e like me nā neutrophils a me nā macrophages i nā pathogens. Pili kēia kaʻina hana i kekahi mau ʻanuʻu, me ka chemotaxis (neʻe ʻana i kahi o ka maʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e nā hōʻailona kemika), ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pathogen ma o nā mea loaʻa kikoʻī, a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka pathogen i loko o ka phagosome. I loko o ka phagosome, a laila hoʻouka ʻia ka pathogen a luku ʻia e nā enzymes lysosomal.
Hana ʻana i nā antibodies
ʻO nā lymphocytes B ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i nā antibodies e ʻike a hoʻopau i nā pathogens. Hoʻomaka kēia kaʻina hana ke hālāwai nā cell B me kahi antigen kikoʻī. A laila hoʻāla a hoʻokaʻawale nā cell B i nā cell plasma, kahi e hana ai i nā nui o nā antibodies. Hana kēia mau antibodies e hoʻopaʻa i nā antigens ma nā pathogens, e hōʻailona ana iā lākou no ka luku ʻia e nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e like me ka complement a i ʻole phagocytes.
Hoʻāla ʻana o ka T Lymphocyte
Loaʻa i nā lymphocytes T kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole me nā hana like ʻole. Hoʻokuʻu nā pūnaewele T kōkua (CD4+) i nā cytokines e hoʻoulu i nā pūnaewele pale ʻē aʻe a hoʻonui i ka pane pale. Hoʻomaopopo a pepehi nā pūnaewele T Cytotoxic (CD8+) i nā pūnaewele i loaʻa i ka maʻi a i ʻole nā pūnaewele kanesa. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻāla ʻana o nā pūnaewele T me ka ʻike ʻana i ka paʻakikī histocompatibility nui (MHC) ma nā pūnaewele hōʻike antigen (APC), e like me nā macrophages a i ʻole nā pūnaewele dendritic.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Cytokine
ʻO nā cytokines he mau molekala hōʻailona i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā leukocytes e kamaʻilio a hoʻoponopono i nā pane pale. Hiki iā lākou ke huki i nā pūnaewele pale i kahi o ka maʻi (chemotaxis), hoʻonui i ka hana phagocytic, a hoʻoponopono i ka hana antibody. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā cytokines e komo pū me nā interleukins (ILs), interferons (IFNs), a me ka tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
Pane Palekana Kino vs. Adaptive
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā leukocytes i nā ʻano ʻelua o nā pane pale: kūlohelohe a me ka adaptive. ʻO ka pane pale kūlohelohe ka laina mua o ka pale a hana koke ʻia ma hope o ka maʻi. Hoʻokomo pū ia i nā pale kino (ʻili a me ka mucosa), nā pūnaewele phagocytic (neutrophils, macrophages), nā pūnaewele pepehi kanaka kūlohelohe (NK), a me nā protein serum e like me ka complement.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻoi aku ka kikoʻī o ka pane pale ʻana o ka maʻi adaptive a lōʻihi ka manawa e ulu ai. Pili ia i ka ʻike ʻana i ka antigen kikoʻī e nā lymphocytes B a me T, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo pale, a me ka hana ʻana o nā antibodies. Hōʻike ʻia ka pane adaptive e kona ʻano kū hoʻokahi a me ka hiki ke "hoʻomanaʻo" i nā pathogens i hālāwai mua ʻia, no laila e hāʻawi ana i ka pale maikaʻi loa i nā maʻi ma hope.
Hoʻoponopono Homeostasis
Ma waho aʻe o ke kaua ʻana i nā maʻi, hana pū nā leukocytes i ka mālama ʻana i ka homeostasis a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻiʻo. ʻO nā Macrophages, no ka laʻana, he kuleana ko lākou i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā hunaola make a me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe mai nā ʻiʻo a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā kaʻina hana hoʻoponopono ma o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea ulu. He kuleana ko nā Eosinophils a me nā basophils i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pane mumū e pono ai e hoʻopau i ka hōʻeha a i ʻole ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā pathogen.
Nā maʻi o ka hana leukocyte
Hiki i nā haunaele i ka hana leukocyte ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka neutropenia kahi maʻi lapaʻau kahi e emi ai ka helu o nā neutrophils, e hoʻolilo ana i ke kanaka i mea maʻalahi i nā maʻi bacteria a me nā fungal. ʻO nā maʻi Autoimmune, e like me ka systemic lupus erythematosus, e kū mai i ka wā e hoʻouka ai nā leukocytes i nā ʻiʻo ponoʻī o ke kino ma muli o ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike iā ia iho mai ka mea ʻole. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi kanesa koko, e like me ka leukemia, pili pū kekahi i ka hana nui ʻana o ka leukocyte a i ʻole ka hana ʻole.
I kekahi ʻaoʻao, loaʻa i kekahi mau pathogens nā ʻano hana e pale aku ai a kāohi paha i ka pane pale leukocyte. ʻO ka maʻi HIV, no ka laʻana, ke kuhikuhi nei i nā cell T kōkua a hōʻino i ka ʻōnaehana pale, e alakaʻi ana i ka AIDS.
Ka hopena
He mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā Leukocytes o ka ʻōnaehana pale, kuleana no ka ʻike ʻana, ka hoʻouka ʻana, a me ka luku ʻana i nā pathogens. Hana lākou ma o nā ʻano hana paʻakikī a hoʻonohonoho like ʻia, me ka phagocytosis, ka hana ʻana o ka antibody, ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā cell T, a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka cytokine. Eia kekahi, he kuleana ko nā leukocytes i ka mālama ʻana i ka homeostasis a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻiʻo. Hiki i nā hoʻopilikia i ka hana leukocyte ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi like ʻole, e hōʻike ana i ke koʻikoʻi o kēia mau cell i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino a me ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i ke kuleana a me nā ʻano hana o nā leukocytes, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomohala i nā hana lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻoikaika i ka pane pale o ke kino.
