Pehea e hana ai ka lolo i ka ʻike sensory
ʻO ka lolo kanaka kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana kupanaha a paʻakikī loa i ke kino. ʻAʻole ia ke kuleana no nā ʻano hana like ʻole o ke kino, ka naʻau, a me ka noʻonoʻo, akā he kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ia i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻike sensory a mākou e loaʻa ai i kēlā me kēia kekona. Loaʻa ka ʻike sensory mai nā kumu like ʻole—ʻike, lohe, honi, pā, a me ka ʻono—a laila unuhi ka lolo i nā ʻike e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo a launa pū me ke ao a puni mākou.
1. Nā Kumu Hoʻoponopono Sensory
Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana sensory i ka wā e ʻike ai nā mea loaʻa sensory i loko o ko kākou kino i nā stimuli o waho a i loko paha. No ka laʻana, ʻike ka retina i loko o ka maka i ka mālamalama, ʻike nā hunaola lauoho i loko o ka pepeiao i nā haʻalulu, a ʻike nā mea loaʻa ʻili i ka mahana a i ʻole ke kaomi. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻōnaehana sensory nā mea loaʻa like ʻole ma muli o ke ʻano o nā stimuli āna e ʻike ai.
A laila hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻike i loaʻa e kēia mau mea loaʻa i nā hōʻailona uila a me ke kemika i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā impulses nerve. A laila hoʻouna ʻia kēia mau impulses ma o nā aʻalolo sensory i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lolo a me ke kaula spinal.
2. Nā Alanui Aʻalolo i ka Lolo
Ke hiki aku nā impulses nerve i ke kaula spinal, hoʻoili ʻia lākou i ka ʻāpana o ka lolo nāna e hana i nā ʻano ʻike sensory kikoʻī. Ua kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana ʻo sensory transduction. Hoʻopau pinepine kēlā me kēia ala nerve sensory i ka thalamus, kahi ʻano ma waenakonu o ka lolo e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he kikowaena relay no ka ʻike sensory (koe wale nō ka honi, kahi e hele pololei ai i ka ʻāpana olfactory o ka lolo).
2.1. ʻO ka Talamus
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka thalamus i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻike i ka cerebral cortex (ka papa waho o ka lolo kahi e hana ʻia ai ka hana mua). I loko o ka thalamus, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hōʻailona neural, hoʻonohonoho like ʻia, a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻololi ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻia ʻana i ka cortex.
2.2. ʻO ka Cortex Cerebral
Ua māhele ʻia ka cortex cerebral i kekahi mau ʻāpana, kēlā me kēia kuleana no kahi ʻano kikoʻī o ka ʻike sensory. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka lobe occipital ma ke kua o ka lolo ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻike maka, ʻo ka lobe temporal ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lolo e hana i ka ʻike auditory, ʻoiai ʻo ka lobe parietal e hana i nā manaʻo mai ka ʻili, e like me ka pā a me ka mahana. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia kaʻawale ʻana he hana serial, akā ma hope o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻike mua, ʻike pū mākou i ka hana like (simultaneous) ma nā ʻāpana lolo like ʻole.
3. Kaʻina Hana ʻIke Maka
ʻO ka ʻike kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana sensory i aʻo nui ʻia a paʻakikī hoʻi. Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka ʻike ma ka retina, kahi e hoʻololi ai nā photoreceptors (nā cell rod a me cone) i ka mālamalama i nā hōʻailona uila. Hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona i nā impulses nerve i hoʻouna ʻia ma o ke aʻalolo optic i ka thalamus a laila i ka visual cortex ma ka occipital lobe.
I loko o ka cortex ʻike maka, hana ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ke kala, ke ʻano, ka neʻe ʻana, a me ke kuhikuhi ʻana e nā hui liʻiliʻi like ʻole o nā neurons. ʻAe kēia hana iā mākou e ʻike i nā mea, ʻike i ka neʻe ʻana, a ʻike i ke kala i ko mākou wahi.
4. Ka Hana Hoʻolohe
Hoʻomaka ka lohe ʻana ma ka pepeiao, kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai nā haʻalulu leo i mau impulses uila e nā hunaola lauoho ma ke cochlea. Hoʻouna ʻia kēia mau impulses ma o ke aʻalolo auditory i ke kumu lolo a laila i ka thalamus, ka mea e kuhikuhi hope loa iā lākou i ka auditory cortex ma ka temporal lobe.
I loko o ka auditory cortex, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā leo i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka pitch, ka ikaika, a me ka lōʻihi. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohui ʻia ke mele i nā alapine like ʻole a mākou e lohe ai ma ke ʻano he leo, ʻoiai ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōlelo i nā huaʻōlelo a me nā ʻōlelo a mākou e hoʻomaopopo ai ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo.
5. Ka Hana ʻana i ka Somatosensory
Hoʻomaka nā manaʻo mai ka ʻili, e like me ka pā ʻana, ka wela, a me ka ʻeha, i loko o nā mea loaʻa i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻouna ʻia nā impulses nerve mai kēia mau mea loaʻa ma o nā aʻalolo sensory i ke kaula spinal a laila i ka thalamus, kahi e hoʻouna ai iā lākou i ka somatosensory cortex ma ka parietal lobe.
I loko o ka somatosensory cortex, ua hōʻike ʻia ko mākou kino ma ke ʻano topographical ma ka somatosensory homunculus, kahi palapala ʻāina kahi i loaʻa ai i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ke kino kona wahi hōʻike ponoʻī. ʻAe kēia kaʻina hana iā mākou e loaʻa kahi ʻike kikoʻī loa o ke kumu o nā manaʻo i loko o ke kino.
6. Ka Hana ʻAna i ka ʻAla a me ka ʻAi ʻAi
Hoʻomaka ka ʻala ʻala ma ka ihu, kahi e launa pū ai nā molekole ʻala me nā mea loaʻa ma nā neurons olfactory. ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻōnaehana sensory ʻē aʻe, hoʻouna pololei ʻia ka ʻike olfactory i ka olfactory cortex, e kāpae ana i ka thalamus. A laila hana ka olfactory cortex a hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka lolo e pili ana i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka manaʻo, e wehewehe ana i ke kumu e hiki ai i kekahi mau ʻala ke hoʻoulu i nā hoʻomanaʻo ikaika a i ʻole nā pane naʻau.
Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻono ma ke alelo, kahi e ʻike ai nā ʻōpuʻu ʻono i nā kemika i loko o ka meaʻai a me ka mea inu. A laila hoʻouna ʻia kēia ʻike ma o ke aʻalolo gustatory i ka lolo, a laila i ka thalamus, a ma hope loa i ka gustatory cortex ma ka parietal lobe.
7. Hoʻohuihui Multi-Sensory
Ke hana ʻia ka ʻike mai nā ʻōnaehana sensory like ʻole ma nā wahi kikoʻī o ka lolo, pono ka lolo e hoʻohui i kēia ʻikepili e hana i kahi ʻike kūlike o ke kaiapuni. Pili kēia kaʻina hana i ka hoʻohui ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻike ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka cerebral cortex. He mea nui kēia hoʻohui multisensory no nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā, e like me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea e pili ana i ka ʻike a me ka hoʻopā ʻana, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo ma o ka hui pū ʻana o ka lohe a me ka ʻike (e laʻa, ka heluhelu lehelehe).
8. Neuroplasticity a me ka Hoʻololi ʻana
ʻAʻole paʻa ka hana ʻana o ka sensory i loko o ka lolo. ʻAe ka Neuroplasticity i ko mākou lolo e hoʻololi a loli e like me nā ʻike sensory hou. Hiki i nā haʻawina i aʻo ʻia mai kēia mau loli pūnaewele neural ke ʻano mai nā hoʻololi maʻalahi e like me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi maʻa i kahi ʻala kikoʻī i nā loli paʻakikī e like me ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka hana sensory ma hope o ka ʻeha o ka lolo.
Ka hopena
ʻO nā kaʻina hana ma hope o ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka lolo i ka ʻike sensory kekahi o nā hāʻawi nui loa i ko mākou ʻike ʻana i ka hana o ka lolo kanaka. ʻO ka paʻakikī o nā ʻōnaehana sensory a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻike mai nā kumu sensory he nui e hoʻohui i kahi ʻano hoihoi hou i ko mākou ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ko mākou ʻike ʻana, ka launa pū ʻana, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ao a puni mākou. Mai ka hana ʻike maka a hiki i ka lohe ʻana, ka pā ʻana, ka honi ʻana, a me ka ʻono ʻana, hāʻawi kēlā me kēia ʻōnaehana sensory i ka ʻike holoʻokoʻa e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke hoʻokele i ko lākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā me ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi. Loaʻa i ka noiʻi hou aʻe ma kēia wahi ka hiki ke hoʻokokoke mai iā mākou i kahi ʻike hohonu o ka hana o ka lolo a, malia paha, e wehe i ka puka i nā hopena hou i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi sensory a me nā neurological.
