ʻEpekema Kumu o ka Pāhawewe
He hanana kino ka radiation nalu e pili ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ikehu ma o kahi waena a i ʻole kahi hakahaka ma ke ʻano o nā nalu electromagnetic. He mea nui kēia manaʻo a pili pono i nā ʻano aʻo like ʻole e like me ke kino, ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka ʻenekinia. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i nā kumu o ka radiation nalu, kona mau ʻano, nā ʻano hana o kona hanana ʻana, a me kāna mau noi a me nā hopena i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.
Ka Wehewehena a me nā ʻAno o ka Hawewe Pāhawewe
ʻO ka radiation nalu ka ikehu i hoʻopuka ʻia a hoʻoili ʻia paha ma ke ʻano o nā nalu, ma o kahi mea a i ʻole kahi vacuum. ʻO nā nalu electromagnetic, kahi laʻana o ka radiation nalu, e komo pū ana me nā ʻano like ʻole, me nā kukuna gamma, nā kukuna X, ke kukui ultraviolet (UV), ke kukui ʻike ʻia, ke kukui infrared, nā microwaves, a me nā nalu lekiō. He ʻokoʻa ka nalu o kēlā me kēia ʻano nalu a me ka ikehu like ʻole.
Nā Nalu Uila
ʻO nā nalu electromagnetic he mau nalu i haku ʻia me nā kahua uila a me nā kahua magnetic sinusoidally oscillating e pālahalaha ana ma ka lewa. ʻAʻole pono kēia mau nalu i kahi medium no ka pālahalaha ʻana; ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hele ma waena o kahi vacuum. Loaʻa i nā nalu electromagnetic ka wikiwiki mau i loko o kahi vacuum, ʻo ia hoʻi he 299.792.458 mika i kekona (ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama).
ʻIkepili Uila Malemake
ʻO ke ʻano electromagnetic ka laulā holoʻokoʻa o nā nalu electromagnetic āpau. Aia ia i loko o:
1. Nā Nalu Lekiō: Loaʻa iā lākou ka nalu lōʻihi loa a hoʻohana ʻia i nā kamaʻilio lekiō a me ke kīwī.
2. Nā hawewe microwave: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka radar, nā kamaʻilio kelepona paʻalima, a me nā umu microwave.
3. Nā kukuna infrared: ʻIke ʻia he wela, hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea ʻike infrared a me nā mana mamao.
4. Mālamalama ʻIke ʻia: ʻO ka laulā o ke ʻano o ka spectrum e ʻike ʻia e ka maka kanaka.
5. Nā kukuna Ultraviolet: Hiki ke hana i kekahi mau hopena kemika, he mea nui i ke kaʻina hana photolithography a hoʻohana ʻia i nā kukui UV.
6. Nā kukuna X: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ke kiʻi ʻana i ke kino o loko.
7. Nā Kukui Gamma: Loaʻa ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe loa, hoʻohana ʻia i ka radiation therapy a me ka sterilization lapaʻau.
Nā Kumu a me nā ʻAno Hana o ka Radiation
Hiki i nā kumu o ka pāhawewe ke kūlohelohe a me ke hana. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka pāhawewe kūlohelohe mai ka lā a me nā mea hōkū ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lā, ma ke ʻano he kumu mua, hoʻopuka i nā ʻano pāhawewe like ʻole, e like me ka ultraviolet, ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia, a me nā kukuna infrared.
ʻAno Hana Kumu
Hiki ke hana ʻia ka radiation electromagnetic ma o nā kaʻina hana aʻe:
1. Hoʻokuʻu Wela: Hoʻopuka nā mea i ka radiation ma muli o ko lākou mahana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ʻo ka pōkole o ka nalu o ka radiation i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Laʻana: Radiation o ka lā.
2. Nā Hoʻololi Uila: Ke neʻe nā electrons i loko o nā ʻātoma a i ʻole nā molekala ma waena o nā pae ikehu, omo lākou a hoʻopuka paha i nā photons i ke kaʻina hana. Laʻana: Nā kukui Neon.
3. Kukui ʻana o Synchrotron: ʻO nā ʻāpana i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e like me nā electrons i hoʻolalelale ʻia i loko o kahi kahua magnetic e hoʻopuka i ka kukuna electromagnetic. Laʻana: Kukui ʻana mai nā hōkū neutron.
4. Nā Holoʻokoʻa Quantum: Ma ka pae subatomic, ʻo nā loli o ka ikehu ma ke kahua ke kumu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka radiation. Laʻana: Cosmic microwave background.
Nā Hoʻohana o ka Nalu i ke Ola o kēlā me kēia Lā
He nui nā noi o ka radiation nalu electromagnetic i ka ʻenehana, ke olakino a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe:
1. Kamaʻilio: Hoʻohana ʻia ka lekiō a me nā microwave i nā ʻano kamaʻilio uea ʻole āpau. Hele nā ale electromagnetic ma ka lewa e lawe i nā hōʻailona kīwī, lekiō, a me ke kelepona paʻalima.
2. Lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia nā kukuna X a me nā kukuna gamma i nā ʻano hana kiʻi lapaʻau e like me nā kukuna X a me nā scan CT, a me ka radiation therapy e pepehi i nā hunaola kanesa.
3. ʻOihana: Hoʻohana ʻia ka infrared no ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation UV i ka sterilization o nā huahana lapaʻau a me ka wai.
4. Ikehu: Hoʻohana ʻia ka pāhawewe lā i nā panela lā e hoʻololi i ka lā i uila.
Ka hopena o ka radiation nalu
ʻOiai kona mau pono he nui, hiki i nā nalu radiation ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka radiation ultraviolet hiki ke hōʻino i ka ʻili a me ka maʻi ʻili. Pēlā nō, hiki i ka radiation ionizing (e like me nā kukuna X a me nā kukuna gamma) ke hōʻino i nā ʻiʻo olaola a me ka DNA, e lilo ai i mea nui e kāohi i ka hoʻopili ʻana ma o nā ʻano hana pale kūpono.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻepekema kumu o ka radiation electromagnetic ke kī i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i kēia ikehu a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i kona mau pilikia pili. ʻAʻole wale ka radiation electromagnetic he hanana kūlohelohe hoihoi akā he mea hana waiwai nui hoʻi i ka ʻenehana hou. Me ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana radiation electromagnetic e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ke ola kanaka me ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ke olakino a me ke kaiapuni.
Pono ka ʻike o ka radiation nalu i ke komo ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole, me nā ʻano ʻepekema, ʻenehana, a me ka palekana. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kēia ʻike e hiki ai ke holomua hou aʻe i ke kamaʻilio ʻana.
