He laʻana o ka nīnau no kahi telescope hōkū (binoculars)

9 mau laʻana o nā nīnau no ke Teleskopo Astronomika

1. He telescope ʻelua aniani ʻōpuʻuʻO ka lens convex i mamao aku mai ka maka o ka mea nānā ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka lens objective a ʻo ka lens convex i kokoke aku i ka maka o ka mea nānā ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka lens eyepiece. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens objective he 400 cm a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece he 20 cm. Inā maʻamau ka maka o ka mea nānā a he liʻiliʻi ka noho ʻana, e hoʻoholo:
a) ka hoʻonui piha ʻana o ke kelepona ʻike maka (M),
b) ka mamao ma waena o ke aniani pahuhopu a me ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ke aniani pahuhopu (s)_ob'),
c) ka mamao ma waena o ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka lens objective a me ka lens eyepiece (s)_ok)
d) ka mamao ma waena o nā aniani convex ʻelua
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens objective (f_ob) = 400 kenimika
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece (f_ok) = 20 kenimika
Hoʻokipa iki ka maka i hiki ai ke kiʻi maoli i hana ʻia e ka lens objective e kū pololei ana ma ke kiko waena ʻelua o ka lens objective a me ke kiko waena mua o ka lens eyepiece.
Pane:
a) Ka hoʻonui piha ʻana o ke kelepona ʻike maka (M)
ʻO ke ʻano hana no ka hoʻonui ʻana i kahi telescope i ka wā e noho pono ai ka maka:
M = f_ob /f_ok
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke telescope penei:
M = 400 kenimika / 20 kenimika = 20 mau manawa
He kiʻi virtual a hoʻohuli ʻia ke kiʻi hope loa. E hoʻohālikelike me ka wehewehe ʻana ma ke kumuhana mea hana ʻike maka telescope.

b) Ka mamao o ke kiʻi mai ke aniani pahuhopu (s)_ob')
Inā hoʻokipa ka maka o ka mea nānā ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, a laila ʻo ka mamao o ke kiʻi mai ka lens objective (s)_ob') = ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani pahuhopu (f_ob) = 400 kenimika = 4 mika.
E hoʻohālikelike me ka wehewehe ʻana ma ke kumuhana ka haʻilula mea hana optical telescope.

c) Ka mamao o ka "mea" mai ka aniani maka (s)_ok)
Inā hoʻokipa iki ka maka, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka lens objective a me ka lens eyepiece (s)_ok) = ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece (f_ok) = 20 kenimika = 0,2 mika.

d) Ka mamao ma waena o nā aniani convex ʻelua
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā aniani convex ʻelua = ka lōʻihi o ke kelepona nānā (l) = ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani pahuhopu (f)_ob) + ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece (f_ok) = 400 kenimika + 20 kenimika = 420 kenimika.

2. Hoʻohana kekahi kanaka me nā maka maʻamau i kahi telescope e nānā i kahi mea. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o ka lens objective a me ka lens eyepiece he 20 cm. ʻO ka hoʻonui piha ʻana o ka telescope ke noho ka maka ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he 40 mau manawa. E helu i ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece (f)._ok) a me ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens objective (f_ob)
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
Ka lōʻihi o ke kelepona ʻike maka (l) = 20 kenimika
Ka hoʻonui piha ʻana o ke kelepona ʻike maka (M) = 40 manawa
Pane:
Inā hoʻokipa ka maka ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece (f_ok) + ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens objective (f_ob) = ka lōʻihi o ke kelepona ʻike (l)
f_ok +f_ob = l
f_ob = l – f_ok
f_ob = 20 – f_ok —–> Hoʻohālikelike 1

ʻO ke ʻano hoʻonui holoʻokoʻa no kahi telescope (M):
M = f_ob /f_ok
f_ob = M f_ok
f_ob = 40 f_ok —–> Hoʻohālikelike 2

Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka maka aniani:
E pani iā ​​f_ob ma ka hoohalike 1 me f_ob ma ka hoʻohālikelike 2:
f_ob = 20 – f_ok
40 f_ok = 20 – f_ok
40 f_ok +f_ok = 20
41 f_ok = 20
f_ok = 20 kenimika / 41
f_ok = 0,5 knm
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka maka aniani he 0,5 kenimika.

Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens objective:
f_ob = 20 – f_ok
f_ob = 20 - 0,5
f_ob = 19,5 knm

3. E nānā i ke kiʻi!
ʻO ke kiʻi ma luna nei, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kelepona kilo hōkū no ka maka ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokipa ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi…

A. 14,5 mau manawa
B. 12,5 mau manawa
C. 11,5 mau manawa
D. 10,5 mau manawa
E. 9,5 mau manawa

Pahana

Ke nānā pololei ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe, ʻike ʻia nā mea mamao he liʻiliʻi loa. No ka ʻike maopopo ʻana i nā mea mamao, hoʻohana ʻia nā binoculars a i ʻole nā ​​telescopes. ʻO ka hana o nā binoculars, ʻo ia ke hoʻonui i nā mea mamao i hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe.

Berdasarkan gambar di atas, alat optik teropong tersusun dari dua aniani ʻōpuʻu Alia aniani hoʻohuihuiʻO nā binoculars i loaʻa i ʻelua mau aniani e hui pū ana telescope hōkū a i ʻole telescopeʻO ka lens e kokoke ana i ka mea ua kapa ʻia ʻo aniani hoʻohālikelike a ʻo ka lens e kokoke ana i ka maka ua kapa ʻia ʻo aniani makaHana ka lens objective e hana aka maoli kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ke kiʻi maoli ma ke ʻano he mea e ka lens eyepiece. A laila hoʻonui ka lens eyepiece i ke kiʻi. ʻO ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka lens eyepiece he virtual, inverted, a hoʻonui ʻia.  

Inā ua emi loa ka noho ʻana o ka maka a i ʻole ua hoʻomaha ka maka, aia ke kiʻi o ka mea i hana ʻia e ka lens eyepiece ma kahi mamao palena ʻole. Hana ʻia kēia inā aia ke kiʻi maoli i hana ʻia e ka lens objective a ʻike ʻia he mea e ka lens eyepiece ma ke kiko kikowaena o ka lens objective a me ke kiko kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma luna. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke telescope = ka lōʻihi kikowaena o ka lens objective (f_ob) + ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece (f_ok).
Ua ʻike ʻia :
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens objective (f_ob) = 100 kenimika
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece (f_ok) = 8 kenimika
Ua nīnau ʻia Hoʻonui binocular no ka maka ʻaʻohe wahi kūpono (kahi kūpono liʻiliʻi loa)
Pane :
Ka hoʻonui piha ʻana o ke kelepona ʻike maka:
M = -f_ob /f_ok
M = -100 kenimika / 8 kenimika
M = -12,5 manawa
ʻO ka hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kiʻi hope a i ʻole ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka aniani o ka maka maka.
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.

4. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke ala o ke kukuna mālamalama i ka wā e hele ana ma o ka ʻōnaehana optical o ke kelepona ʻike maka ma ke kiʻi.
Ma muli o ke kiʻi ma luna, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kiʻi no ka maka me ka ʻole o ka noho ʻana he…

A. 60 mau manawa
B. 50 mau manawa
C. 45 mau manawa
D. 40 mau manawa
E. 30 mau manawa

Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens objective (f_ob) = 200 kenimika
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece (f_ok) = 5 kenimika
Ua nīnau ʻia : Hoʻonui hope loa i ke kiʻi no ka maka ʻaʻole kūpono
Pane :
Ka hoʻonui piha ʻana o ke kelepona ʻike maka:
M = -f_ob /f_ok
M = -200 kenimika / 5 kenimika
M = -40 manawa
ʻO ka hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kiʻi.
ʻO D ka pane pololei.

5. E nānā i ke kiʻi o ke ala o ka mālamalama ma o ke kelepona ʻike maka ma lalo nei!
Inā ʻo ka mamao ma waena o ka lens objective a me ka lens eyepiece (d) he 11 manawa o ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece, a laila ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i hana ʻia e ka telescope no ka maka me ka ʻole o ka noho ʻana he...
A. 10 mau manawa
B. 16 mau manawa
C. 21 mau manawa
D. 30 mau manawa
E. 50 mau manawa
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Ka mamao ma waena o ke aniani pahuhopu a me ke aniani maka = ka lōʻihi o ke kelepona = 11 f_ok
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece (f_ok) = f_ok
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens objective (f_ob) = ka lōʻihi o ke kelepona nānā - ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens maka maka = 11 f_ok - f_ok = 10 f_ok  
Ua nīnau ʻia Hoʻonui ʻana i nā maka ʻelua
Pane :
M = -f_ob /f_ok
M = -10 f_ok /f_ok
M = -10 manawa
ʻO ka hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kiʻi.
ʻO A ka pane pololei.

9. E nānā i ke kiʻi!

ʻO ke kiʻi ma luna nei, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kelepona kilo hōkū no ka maka ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokipa ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi…

A. 14,5 mau manawa

B. 12,5 mau manawa

C. 11,5 mau manawa

D. 10,5 mau manawa

E. 9,5 mau manawa

Pahana

Ke nānā pololei ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe, ʻike ʻia nā mea mamao he liʻiliʻi loa. No ka ʻike maopopo ʻana i nā mea mamao, hoʻohana ʻia nā binoculars a i ʻole nā ​​telescopes. ʻO ka hana o nā binoculars, ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kiʻi o nā mea mamao i hiki ke ʻike maopopo ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe.

Ma muli o ke kiʻi ma luna, ua hana ʻia nā binoculars me ʻelua mau aniani convex , i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he mau aniani converging . ʻO nā binoculars i hana ʻia me ʻelua mau aniani converging he mau binoculars astronomical a i ʻole nā ​​binoculars hōkū . ʻO ka lens e kokoke ana i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka lens objective a ʻo ka lens e kokoke ana i ka maka i kapa ʻia ʻo ka lens ocular . Hana ka lens objective e hana i kahi kiʻi maoli kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ke kiʻi maoli ma ke ʻano he mea e ka lens ocular. A laila hoʻonui ka lens ocular i ke kiʻi. ʻO ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka lens ocular he virtual, inverted, a hoʻonui ʻia.

Inā ua emi loa ka noho ʻana o ka maka a i ʻole ua hoʻomaha ka maka, a laila aia ke kiʻi o ka mea i hana ʻia e ka lens eyepiece ma kahi mamao palena ʻole. Hana ʻia kēia inā ʻo ke kiʻi maoli i hana ʻia e ka lens objective a i manaʻo ʻia he mea e ka lens eyepiece, aia ma ke kiko kikowaena o ka lens objective a me ke kiko kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma luna. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke telescope = ka lōʻihi kikowaena o ka lens objective (f _ob ) + ka lōʻihi kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece (f _ok ).

Ua ʻike ʻia :

Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani pahuhopu (f _ob ) = 100 kenimika

Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani maka (f _ok ) = 8 kenimika

Nīnau : Hoʻonui ʻia o nā binoculars no nā maka ʻaʻole kūpono (kahi kūpono liʻiliʻi loa)

Pane :

Ka hoʻonui piha ʻana o ke kelepona ʻike maka:

M = -f _ob / f _ʻae

M = -100 kenimika / 8 kenimika

M = -12,5 manawa

ʻO ka hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kiʻi hope a i ʻole ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka aniani o ka maka maka.

ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.

7. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke ala o ke kukuna mālamalama i ka wā e hele ana ma ka ʻōnaehana optical o kahi telescope ma ke kiʻi.

Ma muli o ke kiʻi ma luna, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kiʻi no ka maka me ka ʻole o ka noho ʻana he…

A. 60 mau manawa

B. 50 mau manawa

C. 45 mau manawa

D. 40 mau manawa

E. 30 mau manawa

Pahana

Ua ʻike ʻia :

Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani pahuhopu (f _ob ) = 200 kenimika

Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani maka (f _ok ) = 5 kenimika

Nīnau : Hoʻonui ʻia ke kiʻi hope loa no ka maka ʻaʻole kūpono

Pane :

Ka hoʻonui piha ʻana o ke kelepona ʻike maka:

M = -f _ob / f _ʻae

M = -200 kenimika / 5 kenimika

M = -40 manawa

ʻO ka hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kiʻi.

ʻO D ka pane pololei.

8. E hoʻolohe i ke kiʻi o ke ala o ka mālamalama ma o ke kelepona ʻike maka ma lalo nei!

Inā ʻo ka mamao ma waena o ka lens objective a me ka lens eyepiece (d) he 11 manawa o ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece, a laila ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i hana ʻia e ka telescope no ka maka me ka ʻole o ka noho ʻana he...

A. 10 mau manawa

B. 16 mau manawa

C. 21 mau manawa

D. 30 mau manawa

E. 50 mau manawa

Pahana

Ua ʻike ʻia :

Ka mamao ma waena o ke aniani pahuhopu a me ke aniani maka = ka lōʻihi o ke kelepona = 11 f _ok

Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka aniani maka (f _ok ) = f _ok

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani pahuhopu (f _ob ) = ka lōʻihi o ke kelepona nānā - ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani maka maka = 11 f _ok - f _ok = 10 f _ok

Nīnau ʻia : Ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kelepona ʻike maka

Pane :

M = -f _ob / f _ʻae

M = -10 f _ʻae / f _ʻae

M = -10 manawa

ʻO ka hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kiʻi.

ʻO A ka pane pololei.

9. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke ala o ke kukuna mālamalama i ka wā e hele ana ma o ka ʻōnaehana optical o kahi telescope astronomical ma ke kiʻi.

Hōʻike kēia kiʻi i kēlā….

Pahana

Ua ʻike ʻia:

Ka mamao ma waena o ke aniani pahuhopu a me ka maka maka (l) = 126 kenimika

Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani maka (f _ok ) = 6 kenimika

Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani pahuhopu (f _ob ) = 120 kenimika

Nīnau ʻia: Hoʻonui piha ʻia o ke kiʻi

Pane:

ʻO ke kiʻi hope loa e pili ana i ke kiʻi ma luna, he mamao loa ia. Inā he mamao loa ke kiʻi hope loa, a laila ua kokoke ka maka i ka hoʻomaha iki ʻana (ua hoʻomaha ka maka.

ʻO ke ʻano hana no ka hoʻonui huina kihi i ka wā e noho ai ka maka ma ka liʻiliʻi loa:

M = m _ob M _ʻae

Wehewehe: M = ka hoʻonui huina kihi, m _ob = ka hoʻonui linear e ka lens objective, M _ok = ka hoʻonui angular e ka lens eyepiece.

Ua mamao loa ke mea mai ke aniani pahuhopu a ua liʻiliʻi loa ka hoʻonui linear a ua hoʻowahāwahā ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻonui angular wale nō e ka eyepiece i hoʻohana ʻia i ka helu ʻana. ʻO ke ʻano hana no ka hoʻonui angular e ka aniani eyepiece penei:

ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.

Puna nīnau:

Nā Nīnau Hoʻokolohua Lahui no ke Kino no ke Kula Kiʻekiʻe/Kula Kiʻekiʻe ʻOihana