12 mau laʻana o nā nīnau mīkini maʻalahi
1. E nānā i ke kiʻi o ka pulley paʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao! No ka hāpai ʻana, pono ka ikaika F.
nui e like me…
A. 50 N
B. 100 N
C. 200 N
D. 1000 N
Pahana
Kaumaha o ka ukana = 100 Newtons. No ka hāpai ʻana i ka ukana, pono ka ikaika liʻiliʻi he 100 Newtons.
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.
2. E nānā i ke kiʻi!
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi mechanical o ka lever…
H. 1
B. 1,5
C. 2,5
D. 10
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
Kaumaha (w) = 75 Newtons
Ikaika (F) = 7,5 Newtons
Lima Mana (LK) = 50 kenimika
Lima Ukana (LB) = 5 kenimika
Nīnau ʻia: Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini (KM)
Pane:
ʻO ke ʻano hana no ka pono mechanical o kahi lever:
KM = w / F a i ʻole KM = LK/LB
ʻIke: KM = pono mechanical, w = kaumaha ukana, F = ikaika, LK = lima mana, LB = lima ukana.
Ua helu ʻia ka pōmaikaʻi mechanical o ka lever me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano ma luna:
KM = w/F = 75 Newtons / 7,5 Newtons = 10 a i ʻole
KM = LK/LB = 50 kenimika /5 kenimika = 10
ʻO D ka pane pololei.
3. E nānā i ke kiʻi lever ma lalo nei!
ʻO ka ikaika e hāpai ai i ka pōhaku he…
A. 2.250 Newtons
B. 1.500 Newton
C. 750 Newton
D. 500 Newton
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
Kaumaha ukana (w) = 1500 Newton
ʻO ka lima ukana (Lb) = 0,5 mika
Lima mana (Lk) = 1,5 mika
Nīnau ʻia: Ikaika (F)
Pane:
ʻO ke ʻano hana no ka pono mechanical o kahi lever:
Km = w / F a i ʻole Km = Lk/Lb
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ke ʻano hana:
Km = ka pono mechanical, w = ke kaumaha o ka ukana, F = ka ikaika, Lk = ka lima mana, Lb = ka lima ukana.
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini:
Km = Lk/Lb = 1,5/0,5 = 3
Kaila nui:
Km = w / F
F = w / Km
F = 1500 Newtons / 3
F = 500 Newton
ʻO D ka pane pololei.
4. E nānā i ke kiʻi!
ʻO nā mīkini maʻalahi ʻehā ma luna, ʻo ka mea e hoʻohana ana i ke kumumanaʻo o kahi mokulele inclined ʻo ia...
A. 1 a me 2
B. 1 a me 3
C. 2 a me 3
D. 3 a me 4
Pahana
He mīkini maʻalahi kahi mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia e maʻalahi ai ka hana a ke kanaka. No ka laʻana, inā pilikia ʻoe i ka hāpai ʻana i kahi mea i kahi kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi mokulele hilig. ʻO ka paʻi ʻana i kahi mea ma ka mokulele hilig e pono ai ka ikaika liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hāpai pololei ʻana. I kēia hihia, neʻe ka mea ʻoiai e noho paʻa ana ka mokulele hilig.
ʻO ke kahua i hoʻohuli ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma luna mokulele hilig ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea mālie. Aia nā mokulele inclined he mau mīkini maʻalahi e hiki ke neʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi nā wili (1) a me nā wedges. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā wedges he koʻi (2), nā pahi a me nā chisels. I kēia hihia, ua mālie ka mea ʻoiai e neʻe ana ka mokulele inclined.
ʻO A ka pane pololei.
5. ʻO ka mīkini maʻalahi ma lalo nei e hoʻohana ana i ke kumumanaʻo o ka lever ʻo ia...
Pahana
ʻO kekahi ʻano mīkini maʻalahi he lever. He mea hana ka lever e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika, kahi i ʻoi aku ka ikaika i hana ʻia ma mua o ka ikaika i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. ʻEkolu ʻano lever, ʻo ia hoʻi nā lever papa mua, nā lever papa ʻelua a me nā lever papa ʻekolu. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lever papa mua, ʻo ia ka fulcrum ma waena o ka ikaika a me ka ukana, no ka laʻana ʻokiʻoki a me nā pliers. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lever papa ʻelua, ʻo ia ka ukana ma waena o ka fulcrum a me ka ikaika, no ka laʻana he mea huki kui a me kahi stapler. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lever papa ʻekolu, ʻo ia ka ikaika ma waena o ka ukana a me ka fulcrum, no ka laʻana he palaki.
ʻO ke Kiʻi B kahi laʻana o kahi lever papa ʻelua, kahi e kau ai ke kaumaha ma waena o ke fulcrum (ka huila) a me ka mana (ka ikaika hāpai a me ka ikaika paʻi kanaka).
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.
6. ʻO ke kumu hana o ka mīkini maʻalahi ma lalo nei he like ia me ka mīkini maʻalahi ma luna, ʻo ia hoʻi...
Pahana
ʻO ka mīkini maʻalahi ma ke kiʻi ma luna he lever. He mea hoʻonui ikaika ka lever, kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka ikaika hopena ma mua o ka ikaika i hoʻopili ʻia. ʻEkolu ʻano o nā lever: nā lever papa mua, nā lever papa ʻelua, a me nā lever papa ʻekolu.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka lepa papa mua, ʻo ia ka wahi fulcrum ma waena o ka ikaika a me ke kaumaha, no ka laʻana nā lepa, nā ʻokiʻoki a me nā pliers.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka lever papa ʻelua, ʻo ia ka ukana ma waena o ke fulcrum a me ka ikaika, no ka laʻana he mea huki kui a me kahi stapler.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka lever papa ʻekolu, ʻo ia ka ikaika ma waena o ka ukana a me ke fulcrum, no ka laʻana he palaki.
ʻO ke kiʻi ma ka nīnau ma luna he lever a he mīkini maʻalahi e hana ana ma ke kumu hoʻokahi me ka lever he ʻokiʻoki.
ʻO C ka pane pololei.
7. E nānā i ka pāʻani seesaw e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei!
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke keiki A ma mua o ke keiki B. I mea e kaulike ai ka seesaw, ʻo ke kūlana kūpono...
A. Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke kikowaena T i ke kiko P
B. Neʻe ke keiki B i ke kiko R
C. Neʻe ke keiki A i ke kiko P
D. Neʻe ke keiki B i ke kiko Q
Pahana
ʻO ka seesaw kahi laʻana o kahi mīkini lever maʻalahi. ʻO ke ʻano hana no kona pono mechanical penei:
KM = w lb = F lk
ʻIkepili:
KM = ka pono mechanical,
w = ukana
lb = lima ukana = ka mamao ma waena o ka ukana a me ke kikowaena. ʻO ke kikowaena ma ke kiʻi ʻo T
F = mana
lk = lima mana = ka mamao ma waena o ka mana a me ke kikowaena. ʻO ke kikowaena ma ke kiʻi ʻo T
Ma muli o ke ʻano hana ma luna, i like ai ka huahana o ka ukana (w) a me ka lima ukana (lb) me ka huahana o ka ikaika (F) a me ka lima ikaika (lk), a laila inā nui ka ukana a liʻiliʻi ka ikaika, pono e liʻiliʻi ka lima ukana (lb) a pono e nui ka lima ikaika (lk).
E nānā i ke kiʻi ma luna. Inā he ukana nui aʻe ʻo A a he ikaika liʻiliʻi ʻo B a laila hana ke kaulike ke liʻiliʻi ka lima ukana a nui ka lima ikaika.
Liʻiliʻi ka lima ukana ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o ke keiki A i P.
ʻO C ka pane pololei.
8.
E nānā i ke kiʻi ma lalo!
No nā mokulele ʻehā ma luna, ua hōʻike ʻia ka mea me ka pono mechanical like ma ka helu kiʻi….
A. (1) a me (2)
B. (1) a me (3)
C. (2) a me (4)
D. (3) a me (4)
Pahana
He mīkini maʻalahi ka mokulele hilig. He mau mea hana nā mīkini maʻalahi e kōkua i nā kānaka e hana i nā hana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mokulele hilig e maʻalahi ai i nā kānaka ke hāpai i nā mea i kahi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi mechanical o kahi mokulele hilig ka lakio o ka lōʻihi o ka mokulele hilig i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mokulele hilig.
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o kahi mokulele hilig 1 = 5 kenimika / 2 kenimika = 2,5
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o kahi mokulele hilig 2 = 3 kenimika / 2 kenimika = 1,5
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o kahi mokulele hilig 3 = 3 kenimika / 1 kenimika = 3
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o kahi mokulele hilig 4 = 12 kenimika / 4 kenimika = 3
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pono mechanical like e nā kiʻi (3) a me (4).
ʻO D ka pane pololei.
9.
Loaʻa i kekahi mau mokulele hilig ka nui e like me ke kiʻi.
ʻO ka mea nona ka pono mechanical like, ʻo ia ka mokulele inclined….
A. (1) a me (2)
B. (1) a me (3)
C. (2) a me (4)
D. (3) a me (4)
Pahana
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o ka mokulele hilig 1 = 3,2 m / 80 kenimika = 320 kenimika / 80 kenimika = 4
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o ka mokulele hilig 2 = 3,6 m / 90 kenimika = 360 kenimika / 90 kenimika = 4
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o ka mokulele hilig 3 = 3 m / 120 kenimika = 300 kenimika / 120 kenimika = 2,5
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o ka mokulele hilig 4 = 4 m / 125 kenimika = 400 kenimika / 125 kenimika = 3,2
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pono mechanical like e nā kiʻi (1) a me (2).
ʻO A ka pane pololei.
10.
E nānā i ke kiʻi ma lalo nei o kahi mokulele hilig!
ʻO ka mokulele hilig i loaʻa ka pono mechanical like ʻo ia….
A. (1) a me (2)
B. (1) a me (3)
C. (2) a me (3)
D. (3) a me (4)
Pahana
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o ka mokulele hilig 1 = 3 m / 1,2 m = 2,5
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o ka mokulele hilig 2 = 5 m / 2 m = 2,5
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o ka mokulele hilig 3 = 4 m / 1,5 m = 2,6
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini o ka mokulele hilig 4 = 3,6 m / 1,2 m = 3
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pono mechanical like e nā kiʻi (1) a me (2).
ʻO A ka pane pololei.
11. Nā mīkini maʻalahi
E nānā i ke kiʻi o ka lever ma lalo nei.
Ka mamao AB = BC = CD = DE, ʻo ka nui o ka ikaika e pono e hoʻopili ʻia i ke kiko E i kaulike ai ka lever…
A. 300 N
B. 450 N
C. 750 N
D. 900 N
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
AB = BC = CD = DE = l
Lima ukana (Lb) = l
Lima mana (Lk) = 3l
Kaumaha ukana (w) = 900 Newton
Nīnau ʻia: Ikaika (F)
Pane:
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini:
Km = Lk/Lb = 3l/l = 3
Kaila nui:
Km = w / F
F = w / Km
F = 900 Newtons / 3
F = 300 Newton
ʻO A ka pane pololei.
12. E nānā i ke kiʻi o ka lever ma lalo!
A laila hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke kaumaha he 10 kenimika kokoke i ke kikowaena. No ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike o ka lever, pono ka ikaika...
A. me 54 N
B. hoʻemi ʻia he 64 N
C. me 75 N
D. hoʻemi ʻia 96 N
Pahana
E helu i ka lima mana (Lk)
Ua ʻike ʻia:
ʻO ka lima ukana (Lb) = 25 kenimika
Kaumaha ukana (w) = 480 Newton
Ikaika (F) = 160 N
Nīnau ʻia: Lima mana (Lk)
Pane:
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini (Km):
Km = w / F = 480 Newtons / 160 N = 3
Lima mana (Lk):
Km = Lk/Lb
3 = Lk/25 kenimika
Lk = (3)(25 kenimika)
Lk = 75 kenimika
E helu i ka nui o ka ikaika (F)
Ua ʻike ʻia:
Lima ukana (Lb) = 25 kenimika – 10 kenimika = 15 kenimika
Kaumaha ukana (w) = 480 Newton
Lima mana (Lk) = 75 kenimika
Nīnau ʻia: Ikaika (F)
Pane:
Ka pōmaikaʻi mīkini (Km):
Km = Lk/Lb
Km = 75 kenimika / 15 kenimika
Km = 5
Ka nui o ka ikaika (F):
Km = w / F
F = w / Km
F = 480 Newtons / 5
F = 96 Newton
I mea e kaulike ai ka lever, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ikaika e 64 Newtons (160 N - 96 N).
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.
Puna nīnau:
Nā Nīnau Hoʻokolohua ʻEpekema Lahui no ke Kula Kiʻekiʻe Haʻahaʻa/Kula Kiʻekiʻe ʻIslama
