11 Nā laʻana o nā nīnau e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke kānāwai mua o ka thermodynamics i nā kaʻina hana thermodynamic like ʻole (isobaric, isothermal, isochoric)
1. Hōʻike ka pakuhi ma lalo nei i ke kaʻina hana thermodynamic i ʻike ʻia e ke kinoea. ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia e ke kinoea ma ke kaʻina hana ABCD…
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Kaomi 1 (P1) = 2 x 105 Pa
Kaomi 2 (P2) = 4 x 105 Pa
Buke 1 (V1) = 1 mika3
Buke 2 (V2) = 3 mika3
Ua nīnau ʻia ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia e ke kinoea ma ke kaʻina hana pōʻaiapuni ABCD
Pane :
ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia e ke kinoea = ka ʻāpana o ka huinahā ABCD.
W = (P2 - P1)(V2 - V1)
W = (4 x 105 - 2 x 105)(3 – 1)
W = (2 x 105)(2)
W = 4 x 105 Joule
ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia e ke kinoea ma ke kaʻina hana pōʻaiapuni ABCD he 4 x 105 ʻO Joule.
2. ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia e ke kinoea ma ke kaʻina hana pōʻaiapuni ABC…
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Kaomi 1 (P1) = 3 x 105 Pa
Kaomi 2 (P2) = 6 x 105 Pa
Buke 1 (V1) = 20 kenimika3 = 20x10-6 m3
Buke 2 (V2) = 60 kenimika3 = 60x10-6 m3
Ua nīnau ʻia Hana i hana ʻia e ke kinoea ma ke kaʻina hana pōʻaiapuni ABC
Pane :
ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia e ke kinoea = ka ʻāpana o ka huinakolu ABCD.
W = ½ (P2 - P1)(V2 - V1)
W = ½ (6 x 105 - 3 x 105)(60 x 10-6 - 20 x 10-6)
W = ½ (3 x 105)(40 x 10-6)
W = ½ (120 x 10-1 ʻO Joule)
W = ½ (12 Joules)
W = 6 Joule
ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia e ke kinoea ma ke kaʻina hana pōʻaiapuni ABC he 6 Joules.
3. He kiʻikuhi o ke kaomi (P) e kūʻē i ka nui (V) o ke kinoea i loko o kahi hakahaka pani. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka kiʻikuhi e hōʻike ana i ke kinoea e hana ana i ka hana ma ke kaiapuni ʻo ia…
Pahana
He mau kaʻina hana isobaric ke kaʻina hana AB a me ke kaʻina hana DC. He mau kaʻina hana isochoric ke kaʻina hana AD a me ke kaʻina hana BC.
Hana ke kinoea ma ke kinoea inā hoʻonui ke kinoea i mea e piʻi ai ka nui o ka hakahaka i noho ʻia e ke kinoea (kaʻina hana DC). Hana ke kinoea ma ke kinoea inā ʻuʻuku ke kinoea i mea e emi ai ka nui o ka hakahaka i noho ʻia e ke kinoea (kaʻina hana BC).
4. Hana nā kinoea kūpono a pau i kahi kaʻina hana isochoric no laila...
A. like ka wikiwiki o nā molekala a pau
B. ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka awelika o nā molekala
C. paʻa mau ke kaomi kinoea
D. e hana ka kinoea i ka hana
ʻAʻohe ikehu kūloko o E.
Pahana
Isochoric = ka nui mau.
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.
5. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi nui o ke kinoea kūpono ma o kahi kaʻina hana thermodynamic mai ka mokuʻāina 1 a i ka mokuʻāina 2 e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pakuhi PV ma lalo nei. ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia e ke kinoea…
A. -180 J
B. -90 J
C. -30 J
D. 30 J
E. 90 J
Pahana
1 lita = 0,001 m3
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Kaomi 1 (P 1 ) = 10 kPa = 10.000 Pa = 10.000 N/m 2
Kaomi 2 (P 2 ) = 20 kPa = 20.000 Pa = 20.000 N/m 2
Ka nui 1 (V 1 ) = 4 lita = 4 (0,001 m 3 ) = 0,004 m 3
Ka nui 2 (V 2 ) = 10 lita = 10 (0,001 m 3 ) = 0,010 m 3
Makemake ʻia : Hana (W) i hana ʻia e ke kinoea
Pane:
W = P (V 2 – V 1 ) + 1/2 (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = 10.000 ( 0,010-0,004) + 1/2 (20.000-10.000)(0,010-0,004)
W = 10.000 (0,006) + 1/2 (10.000)(0,006)
W = 10 (6) + 1/2 (10)(6)
W = 60 + 1/2 (60)
W = 60 + 30
W = 90 Joule
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo E.
6. E nānā i ke kiʻikuhi PV ma ka ʻaoʻao!
ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia ma ke kaʻina hana thermodynamic i hoʻokahi pōʻaiapuni he…
A. 100 kJ
B. 200 kJ
C. 300 kJ
D. 400 kJ
E. 600 kJ
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Kaomi 1 (P 1 ) = 1 x 10 5 Pa = 1 x 10 5 N/m 2
Kaomi 2 (P 2 ) = 3 x 10 5 Pa = 3 x 10 5 N/m 2
Ka nui 1 (V 1 ) = 2 m 3
Ka nui 2 (V 2 ) = 4 m 3
Nīnau ʻia : Hana (W) i hana ʻia.
Pane :
ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia = ka ʻāpana o ka quadrilateral abcd.
W = (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = (3 x 10 5 – 1 x 10 5 )(4 – 2)
W = (2 x 10 5 )(2)
W = 4 x 10 5 Joule
W = 400.000 Joule
W = 400 kilo Joule
ʻO D ka pane pololei.
7. Ke hana nei kahi kinoea kūpono i kahi kaʻina hana e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻikuhi PV ma ka ʻākau. ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia ma kēia kaʻina hana…
A. 35 J
B. 24 J
C. 15 J
D. 12 J
E. 6 J
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Kaomi 1 (P 1 ) = 1 N/m 2
Kaomi 2 (P 2 ) = 7 N/m 2
Ka nui 1 (V 1 ) = 1 m 3
Ka nui 2 (V 2 ) = 5 m 3
Nīnau ʻia: Hana (W) i hana ʻia.
Pane:
Hana i hana ʻia = ka nui o ka huinakolu ABC.
W = ½ (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )
W = ½ ( 7-1 )( 5-1 )
W = ½ ( 6 )( 4 )
W = ½ (24)
W = 12 Joule
ʻO D ka pane pololei.
8. Aia he 0,02 mol o ke kinoea monatomic ma 350 K i loko o kahi pahu pani. Ehia ka wela e pono ai e hoʻonui i ka mahana o ke kinoea i 400 K? ʻO ke kūpaʻa kinoea honua, R = 8,31 J mol-1 K-1.
A. 10 Joule
B. 12,5 Joule
C. 14 Joule
D. 15,5 Joule
E. 17 Joule
Kūkākūkā:
Ua ʻike ʻia :
n = 0,02 mol
T1 = 350 K
T2 = 400 K
R = 8,31 J/mol K
Ua nīnau ʻia :
Wela (Q) ?
Pane :
I loko o ke kaʻina hana isochoric (ka nui mau), Q = delta U
Wehewehe: Q = wela, delta U = loli o ka ikehu kūloko, U = ikehu kūloko
9. ʻElua mole o ke kinoea monatomic ma ka mahana o 20 oC a me ke kaomi 2 × 105 Ke hana nei ʻo Pa i kahi kaʻina hana isochoric a hiki i ka lilo ʻana o ke kaomi i 4 × 105 Pa. Inā ʻo ke kūpaʻa kinoea honua = 8,31 J/mol K, a laila ʻo ka loli o ka ikehu kūloko o ke kinoea…
A. 7304 J
B. 6200 J
C. 2291 J
D. 2128 J
E. 1208 J
Kūkākūkā:
Ua ʻike ʻia :
n = 2 mol
T1 = 20 + 273 = 293 K
P1 = 2x105 Pa
P2 = 4x105 Pa
R = 8,31 J/mol K
Ua nīnau ʻia :
Ka loli ʻana o ka ikehu kūloko (delta U)?
Pane :
ʻāpana U = 3/2 nR(T2-T1)
Helu T2 e hoʻohana mua i ke ʻano kānāwai o Gay-Lussac (ka leo mau)
10. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka pakuhi kaomi (P) - ka nui (V) e hōʻike ana i ke kinoea e loaʻa ana ka hana waho ʻo ia ...
A. AB
B. CD
C. BC
D. DA
E. AC
Pahana :
Inā hana ʻia ka hana ma ke kinoea, piʻi aʻe kona nui. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā hana ʻia ka hana ma ke kinoea mai kahi kumu waho, emi iho kona nui. ʻO ke kaʻina hana i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pakuhi ma luna e hōʻike ana i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ke kinoea, ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana CD.
No laila, ʻo ka pane pololei ʻo B.
11. Hōʻike nā kiʻi ma lalo nei i ka pilina ma waena o ke kaomi (P) a me ka nui (V) o ke kinoea e hana ʻia ana i kahi kaʻina hana.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana e hoʻopuka ai i ka hoʻoikaika nui loa e hōʻike ʻia ma ka helu kiʻi …
A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)
Pahana :
ʻO ka hana i hana ʻia = ka ʻāpana. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻāpana, ʻo ka nui o ka hana i hana ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana nui loa ma ka pakuhi 3.
ʻO C ka pane pololei.
