Nā nīnau hoʻohālike a me ke kūkākūkā ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral
He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral (PNS) o ka ʻōnaehana nerve, e hoʻopili ana i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena i ke koena o ko mākou kino. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka PNS ʻaʻole wale no nā haumāna lapaʻau a me ka biology, akā no kekahi poʻe makemake e hoʻomaopopo pehea e hana ai ke kino kanaka. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i kekahi mau pilikia hoʻohālike a me kā lākou kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka PNS.
Hoʻolauna i ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral he mau olonā nerve e pālahalaha ana mai ka lolo a me ke kaula spinal, a me nā ganglia i loaʻa ma waho o ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena. Ua māhele ʻia ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral i ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: ka ʻōnaehana nerve somatic a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve autonomic. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana nerve somatic ke kuleana no ka neʻe manawaleʻa a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻike sensory, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻōnaehana nerve autonomic ka mea e hoʻomalu i nā hana kino aunoa, e like me ka helu o ka puʻuwai a me ka ʻai ʻana.
Laʻana Nīnau 1: Nā Aʻalolo Sensory a me Motor
Nīnau: E wehewehe i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā neurons sensory a me nā neurons motor i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral.
Kūkākūkā:
He ʻokoʻa nā kuleana o nā neuron sensory a me nā neuron motor i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral. ʻO nā neurons sensory ke kuleana no ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻike mai nā mea loaʻa sensory (e like me ka ʻili, nā maka, a me nā pepeiao) i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena. Kōkua kēia kaʻina hana i ko mākou kino e pane i nā stimuli o waho, e like me ka pā a me ke kani.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hoʻouna nā neurons motor i nā hōʻailona mai ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena i nā mea hoʻokō e like me nā ʻiʻo a me nā glands. Hiki i kēia hana ke pane i nā stimuli, e like me ka neʻe ʻana o ka lima i ka wā e hoʻopā ai i kahi mea wela.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā mea ʻelua ke kuhikuhi o ka lawe ʻana o ka ʻike: hele nā neurons sensory i ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena ʻoiai hele nā neurons motor mai ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.
Laʻana Nīnau 2: ʻŌnaehana Nīnau Kūʻokoʻa
Nīnau: E inoa i nā ʻāpana nui ʻelua o ka ʻōnaehana nerve autonomic a wehewehe i kā lākou hana.
Kūkākūkā:
Ua māhele ʻia ka ʻōnaehana nerve autonomic i ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: ka ʻōnaehana nerve sympathetic a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve parasympathetic.
1. ʻŌnaehana Aʻalolo Aloha: Hoʻomākaukau kēia ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana aʻalolo i ke kino no nā pilikia a i ʻole nā kūlana kaumaha, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ka pane "hakakā a lele paha". Hoʻonui ka hana aloha i ka helu o ka puʻuwai, hoʻonui i nā haumāna, a kāohi i ka ʻai ʻana e kālele i ka ikehu i ka hana ʻana me ka pilikia.
2. ʻŌnaehana Nervous Parasympathetic: I ke ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo kēia ʻāpana ke kuleana no ka "hoʻomaha a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana," kahi e hoʻihoʻi ai i ke kino i kahi kūlana mālie ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka hoʻoweliweli. Hoʻolohi ka hana parasympathetic i ka helu o ka puʻuwai, hoʻopaʻa i nā puʻupuʻu, a hoʻonui i ka hana hoʻoheheʻe.
Hana kū'ē kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua e mālama i ke kaulike i loko o ke kino.
Laʻana Nīnau 3: Reflex
Nīnau: He aha ke ʻano o ka reflex arc, a hāʻawi i kahi laʻana.
Kūkākūkā:
He ala neural ka reflex arc e kaohi ana i ka pane reflex. Pili pinepine kēia kaʻina hana i nā ala neuronal wikiwiki loa a ʻaʻole pono ke komo ʻana mai ka lolo waena, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki ke hana koke ʻia ka reflex.
ʻO ka laʻana kaulana loa o kahi reflex arc ʻo ia ka patellar (kuli) reflex. Ke kīkē ʻia ke aʻalolo ma lalo o ke kuli, hoʻouna ʻia nā hōʻailona sensory i ke kaula spinal, e hoʻoulu ana i nā neurons motor e hoʻoulu ai i nā ʻiʻo ʻūhā e ʻuʻuku, a ma ka hopena e hāpai ai i ka wāwae.
Laʻana Nīnau 4: Nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral
Nīnau: E wehewehe i hoʻokahi maʻi olakino e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral.
Kūkākūkā:
ʻO kekahi laʻana o kahi maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral ʻo ia ka neuropathy peripheral. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia kūlana e ka hōʻino ʻana i nā olonā nerve peripheral, hiki ke hana ʻia e nā kumu like ʻole, me ka maʻi diabetes, ka maʻi, a me ka trauma kino.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka neuropathy peripheral e komo pū me ke kani ʻana, ka mae ʻana, ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo, a me ka ʻeha ma nā lima a me nā wāwae. Aia ka ʻike a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kumu kumu a pili paha i ka hoʻokele ʻeha, ka hoʻōla kino, a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā kūlana kumu e like me ka maʻi diabetes.
Laʻana Nīnau 5: Nā Neurotransmitters
Nīnau: He aha ke kuleana o nā neurotransmitters i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral, a hāʻawi i hoʻokahi laʻana o kahi neurotransmitter?
Kūkākūkā:
ʻO nā neurotransmitters he mau molekala kemika e hiki ai ke hoʻoili synaptic mai kekahi neuron i kekahi a i ʻole i nā cell effector ʻē aʻe. I loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā neurotransmitters i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma waena o nā hopena nerve a me nā ʻiʻo i manaʻo ʻia.
ʻO kahi laʻana o kahi neurotransmitter i komo i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral ʻo acetylcholine. I loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve somatic, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka acetylcholine mai nā neurons motor i loko o nā ʻiʻo iwi, e hana ana i ka ʻūlū ʻana o nā ʻiʻo. I loko o ka ʻōnaehana nerve parasympathetic, hoʻolohi ka acetylcholine i ka helu o ka puʻuwai a hoʻonui i ka hana ʻai.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral, me kāna mau hana a me nā ʻāpana, he mea nui ia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o ko mākou kino a me ka launa pū ʻana me kona kaiapuni. ʻO nā pilikia hoʻohālike a me nā kūkākūkā a mākou i uhi ai e hāʻawi i kahi ʻike kumu o ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana nerve peripheral, mai ke kuleana o nā neurons a me nā neurotransmitters a hiki i nā maʻi e hiki ke hoʻopilikia iā ia. ʻAʻole wale kēia ʻike he mea nui no ka poʻe e alualu ana i nā ʻoihana lapaʻau akā he mea pono nō hoʻi no nā mea āpau i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā pane a ke kino i nā ʻano stimuli like ʻole.
