Laʻana o ka Nīnau Kūkākūkā: Nā ʻĀpana Koko i ka Lawe ʻana i nā Mea
Pengantar
He wai koʻikoʻi ke koko i loko o ke kino e hoʻokani ana i kekahi mau kuleana koʻikoʻi, me ka lawe ʻana i nā mea pono e like me ka oxygen, nā meaʻai, nā hormones, a me nā huahana ʻōpala metabolic. No ka hoʻomaopopo hou aku i kēia, e wehewehe mākou i nā ʻāpana o ke koko e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea, a laila e hōʻike i kekahi mau pilikia hoʻohālike a me kā lākou mau kūkākūkā e pili ana i kēia kumuhana.
Nā ʻĀpana Nui o ke Koko
Aia ke koko i kekahi mau ʻāpana nui: nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo, nā platelets, a me ka plasma. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana kahi hana kikoʻī i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kahe koko.
1. Nā Kelepona Koko ʻUlaʻula (Erythrocytes)
ʻO nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ka ʻāpana nui loa o ke koko, kuleana no ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen mai nā māmā a puni ke kino a hoʻihoʻi i ke kalapona ʻokikene i nā māmā no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia hana e ka hemoglobin, kahi protein waiwai i ka hao i loko o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka oxygen.
2. Nā Kelepona Koko Keʻokeʻo (Leukocytes)
He kuleana ko nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale kino, e pale ana i ke kino mai ka maʻi a me nā maʻi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole pili pono i ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen a i ʻole nā meaʻai, he mea nui nā leukocytes no ka mālama ʻana i nā hana kino olakino holoʻokoʻa.
3. Nā Platelets
He mau ʻāpana cell nā platelets e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻopaʻa koko. Ke hōʻino ʻia kahi kīʻaha koko, hōʻuluʻulu nā platelets ma ia wahi a kōkua i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka clot e pale aku i ka nalowale hou ʻana o ke koko.
4. Plasma koko
He wai melemele keʻokeʻo ka plasma e hana ana ma kahi o 55% o ka nui o ke koko holoʻokoʻa. Hana ka plasma ma ke ʻano he wahi lawe no nā hunaola koko, nā meaʻai, nā hormones, nā protein, nā huahana ʻōpala, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā protein e like me ka albumin, fibrinogen, a me ka globulin i nā hana physiological o ke kino.
Hana Hoʻoili Koko
He nui nā hana koʻikoʻi o ke koko ma ke ʻano he mea lawe i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, e like me:
– Ka Lawe ʻana o ka Oxygen a me ke Kalapona Dioxide: Ma o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, lawe ke koko i ka oxygen mai nā māmā a i nā ʻiʻo o ke kino a lawe i ke kalapona dioxide mai nā ʻiʻo a i nā māmā.
– Ka Hoʻolaha ʻana o nā Meaʻai a me nā Hormones: ʻO nā meaʻai i loaʻa mai ka ʻai ʻana a me nā hormones i hana ʻia e nā kelepa endocrine e lawe ʻia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino.
– Ka Hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka Mahana o ke Kino a me ke Kaulike pH: Kōkua ke koko i ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana o ke kino paʻa a hana ma ke ʻano he mea pale e mālama ai i ka pH koko.
Nā Nīnau Laʻana a me ke Kūkākūkā
I mea e hoʻomālamalama hou aku ai i ko kākou ʻike i ka hana a ke koko i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea, e nānā kākou i nā nīnau hoʻohālike aʻe:
Nīnau 1:
_E wehewehe i ke kuleana o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen a pehea e kākoʻo ai ke ʻano o kēia mau hunaola i kā lākou hana._
Kūkākūkā:
He ʻano biconcave ko nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou ʻili a me ka pono o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kinoea. Loaʻa i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ka hemoglobin, kahi protein hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hou me ka oxygen. I loko o nā māmā, komo ka oxygen i ke kahe koko a hoʻopaʻa i ka hemoglobin e hana i ka oxyhemoglobin. I ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i nā ʻiʻo o ke kino, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka oxygen mai ka hemoglobin a hoʻohana ʻia e nā cell no ka hana ikehu. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, kākoʻo ke ʻano a me ka haku mele kemika o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula a me ka hemoglobin i kā lākou hana nui o ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen.
Nīnau 2:
_Pehea e kōkua ai ka plasma koko i ka lawe ʻana o nā mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia i ke koko?_
Kūkākūkā:
Hoʻoili ka plasma koko i nā mea e like me nā huahana ʻōpala metabolic, nā meaʻai, a me nā hormones me ke kōkua o nā protein plasma e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa a hoʻoheheʻe paha i kēia mau mea i hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO Albumin, no ka laʻana, hoʻoponopono i ke kaomi oncotic koko a kōkua i ka lawe ʻana o nā hormones, nā waikawa momona manuahi, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO Globulins, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he kuleana ko lākou i ka lawe ʻana o nā lipids a me nā huaora. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻae ka plasma i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia i ka wai maʻemaʻe.
Nīnau 3:
_No ke aha he mea nui nā platelets ʻoiai ʻaʻohe o lākou kuleana pololei i ka lawe ʻana i nā kinoea a i ʻole nā meaʻai?_
Kūkākūkā:
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā platelets i ka hemostasis, a i ʻole ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko. Ke hōʻino ʻia kahi kīʻaha koko, hōʻiliʻili koke nā platelets ma kahi o ka ʻeha a hoʻomaka i kahi pane ʻana o ke koko, e hana ana i kahi plug manawa pōkole i kapa ʻia he platelet clot. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i pili pono i ka lawe ʻana, mālama kēia hana i ka pono o nā kīʻaha koko, e hōʻoia ana i ka holo pono ʻana o ke koko a me ka pale ʻana i ka nalowale ʻana o nā mea koko koʻikoʻi.
Nīnau 4:
_He aha ka hana a nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo a pehea e pili ai i ka lawe ʻana o nā mea i loko o ke koko?_
Kūkākūkā:
He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo o ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino, e ʻike ana a luku ana i nā pathogens a i ʻole nā mea ʻino ʻē. ʻOiai ʻo kā lākou hana nui ka pale ʻana ma mua o ka lawe ʻana, hiki i nā hunaola koko ke hōʻailona i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke kahe koko i kahi o ka maʻi a i ʻole ka ʻeha, e hoʻonui ana i ka lako o ka oxygen, nā meaʻai, a me nā mea pono ʻē aʻe e wikiwiki ai ke kaʻina hana ho'ōla.
Pani
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻāpana koko a me kā lākou mau hana he kahua koʻikoʻi ia i ka biology a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo, nā platelets, a me ka plasma e pāʻani i nā kuleana hoʻohui i ka mālama ʻana i ka hana holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi loa a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hana kino maikaʻi loa. Ma o nā nīnau ma luna, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o kēia mau ʻāpana a pehea e hilinaʻi ai ko mākou kino i ke koko no ke ola a me ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā. Kōkua pū kēia ʻike iā mākou e mahalo a mālama i ke olakino o kā mākou ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa.
