Nā nīnau hoʻohālike e kūkākūkā ana i ka nucleus cell
ʻO ka nucleus cell kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā cell eukaryotic, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he kikowaena hoʻomalu no ka hana cellular. Aia i loko nā mea genetic o ke cell, ma ke ʻano o ka DNA, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o nā chromosomes. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana a me ke ʻano o ka nucleus cell no ke aʻo ʻana i ka biology cellular a me ka genetics. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i kekahi mau pilikia hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka nucleus cell, me nā wehewehe.
Hoʻolauna i ka Nucleus Cell
Ma mua o ko mākou luʻu ʻana i nā nīnau hoʻohālike, e nānā pōkole kākou i ka nucleus cell. Ua hoʻopuni ʻia ka nucleus e kahi membrane nucleus, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā ia mai ka cytoplasm. Aia kēia membrane i ʻelua papa o ka lipid bilayer a loaʻa iā ia nā pores nucleus e ʻae ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea ma waena o ka nucleus a me ka cytoplasm. ʻO kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka nucleus ʻo ia ka nucleolus, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā ribosomes.
ʻO nā hana nui o ka nucleus cell e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike genetic, ka hana hou ʻana o ka DNA, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka RNA. Hoʻoponopono pū ka nucleus i ke kaʻapuni cell a he kuleana koʻikoʻi kāna i ka mahele ʻana o ke cell.
Laʻana Nīnau 1
Nīnau: E wehewehe i ke kuleana o ka membrane nuklea i ka hana o ka nucleus cell.
Kūkākūkā:
ʻO ka membrane nuklea, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka envelope nuklea, aia i ʻelua papa o ka membrane bilayer lipid e hoʻokaʻawale ana i nā mea o loko o ka nuklea (nucleoplasm) mai ka cytoplasm. Hana ka membrane nuklea ma ke ʻano he pale koho e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea ma waena o ka nucleus a me ka cytoplasm, e like me RNA, nā protein, a me nā nucleotides.
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā pores nukelea i loko o kēia membrane i ka lawe ʻana i nā molekala. No ka laʻana, pono nā molekala RNA i hana ʻia i loko o ka nucleus e puka i loko o ka cytoplasm e unuhi ʻia i loko o nā protein. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pono e lawe ʻia mai nā protein e pono ai no ka hana nukelea, e like me ka enzyme DNA polymerase, i loko o ka nucleus. No laila, mālama ka membrane nukelea i ke kaiapuni kūloko o ka nucleus a hōʻoia i ka kamaʻilio i kāohi ʻia ma waena o ka nucleus a me ka cytoplasm.
Laʻana Nīnau 2
Nīnau: He aha ke ʻano o ka nucleolus a he aha kāna mau hana?
Kūkākūkā:
ʻO ka nucleolus kahi ʻano i loaʻa i loko o ka nucleus cell i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia e kahi membrane a ʻike ʻia he ʻeleʻele ma lalo o kahi microscope. ʻO ia ke kikowaena o ka hana ʻana o ka ribosome, kahi organelle i komo i ka synthesis protein.
ʻO ka hana nui o ka nucleolus ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka ribosomal RNA (rRNA), a laila hui pū ʻia me nā protein rRNA e hana i nā subunits ribosomal. A laila lawe ʻia kēia mau subunits i ka cytoplasm, kahi e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ai lākou i loko o nā ribosomes hana.
Ma waho aʻe o kāna kuleana i ka hana ʻana o ka ribosome, pili pū ka nucleolus i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaʻina hana o ke kelepona, ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pane koʻikoʻi, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka DNA. No laila, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka nucleolus i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino a me ka hana o ke kelepona.
Laʻana Nīnau 3
Nīnau: Pehea e pili ai ka chromatin i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā genes i loko o ka nucleus cell?
Kūkākūkā:
He hui pū ʻia ka Chromatin o ka DNA a me nā protein histone i loaʻa i loko o ka nucleus cell. I loko o ka nucleus o nā cell eukaryotic, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka DNA i loko o nā kaulahao lōʻihi akā ma ke ʻano he ʻano paʻa a hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo chromatin. ʻElua ʻano nui o ka chromatin: euchromatin a me heterochromatin.
He ʻano hāmama a hana nui ʻo Euchromatin, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā genes i loko o ka euchromatin no ka hoʻololi ʻana i loko o RNA a laila unuhi ʻia i loko o ka protein. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, he ʻano paʻa loa ka heterochromatin a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana maʻamau.
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke ʻano o ka chromatin i ka kaohi ʻana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā gene. Hiki i nā ʻano hana e like me ka methylation DNA a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka histone ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka chromatin a no laila e hoʻohuli i ka hiki ʻana o nā gene i nā mea hoʻololi. ʻAe kēia i nā cell e hoʻoponopono pololei i nā gene e like me kā lākou mau pono hana.
Laʻana Nīnau 4
Nīnau: He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ana i ka nucleus o ke kelepona i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana o ka mahele ʻana o ke kelepona, ʻoiai hoʻi i ka mitosis?
Kūkākūkā:
I ka wā o ka mahele ʻana o ke kelepona, ʻoiai ka mitosis, loaʻa i ka nucleus kelepona kekahi mau loli i kauoha ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia kaʻina hana i kekahi mau pae:
1. Prophase: Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Chromatin i loko o nā chromosome i ʻike ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope māmā. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia chromosome ʻelua mau chromatids kaikuahine i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka centromere. Hoʻomaka ka nucleolus e hana a hoʻomaka ka membrane nuklea e haki.
2. Prometaphase: Ua aneane haki loa ka membrane nuklea, e ʻae ana i ka spindle microtubule e hoʻopili i nā kinetochores i loaʻa ma nā centromeres o kēlā me kēia chromosome.
3. Metaphase: Kū pololei nā chromosome ma ka equator o ke kelepona, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka metaphase plate. Hōʻoia kēia e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kelepona kaikamahine kahi kope like o ka mea genetic.
4. Anaphase: Hoʻokaʻawale nā chromatids kaikuahine i nā pou ʻē aʻe o ke kelepona, i hoʻokele ʻia e ka pōkole o nā microtubules.
5. Telophase: Aia kēlā me kēia seti chromatids i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ke kelepona a wehe hou i loko o chromatin. Hoʻomaka kahi membrane nuklea e hana a puni kēlā me kēia seti chromatin, e hana ana i ʻelua mau nuclei kaikamahine.
6. Cytokinesis: Pili kēia kaʻina hana i ka māhele ʻana o ka cytoplasm, e hopena ana i ʻelua mau cell kaikamahine kaʻawale me kēlā me kēia me ko lākou nucleus ponoʻī.
I ka wā o ka mitosis, he mea nui ka haki ʻana a me ke kūkulu hou ʻana o ka membrane nuklea no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale like ʻana o nā mea genetic i nā cell kaikamahine.
Ka hopena
He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo piha ʻana i ke ʻano a me ka hana o ka nucleus cell, me nā kaʻina hana e pili ana me ia, i loko o ke olaola cellular a me ka molekala. Ma o nā pilikia a me nā kūkākūkā ma luna, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike pehea e hana ai ka nucleus cell ma ke ʻano he kikowaena kaohi, e mālama ana i nā mea genetic a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana cellular. ʻAʻole wale kēia ʻike e kōkua i ke aʻo ʻana i nā kumu o ke olaola cell akā he hopena ākea hoʻi no ka noiʻi lapaʻau, me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano hana o nā maʻi genetic a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau gene.
