Nā nīnau hoʻohālike a me ke kūkākūkā ʻana o ka pilina ma waena o nā iwi
I loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, he mau ʻano koʻikoʻi nā iwi e hāʻawi i ke ʻano, kākoʻo, a pale i nā ʻōpū o loko, a kōkua i ka neʻe ʻana ma ke ʻano he mau wahi hoʻopili ʻiʻo. Mālama pū nā iwi i nā minelala a hana i nā hunaola koko. ʻO ka articulation kahi e hui ai ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā iwi. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i kekahi mau laʻana o nā articulation iwi me ka kikoʻī.
Hoʻolauna i ka pilina ma waena o nā iwi
ʻEkolu ʻano nui o nā hono ma waena o nā iwi: nā hono fibrous, nā hono cartilaginous, a me nā hono synovial. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano hono kona mau ʻano ponoʻī e ʻae ai i nā kekelē like ʻole o ka neʻe ʻana. ʻO nā hono fibrous, e like me nā sutures i loko o ke poʻo, he kakaikahi a ʻaʻohe neʻe ʻana. ʻO nā hono cartilaginous, e like me nā mea ma ka iwi kuamoʻo, e ʻae i ka neʻe liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā hono synovial. ʻO nā hono synovial, e like me nā mea ma ke kuli a me ka poʻohiwi, e ʻae i ka laulā nui o ka neʻe ʻana.
Laʻana Nīnau 1: Ke ʻIke ʻana i nā ʻAno Hui
_Nīnau:_ ʻO wai ka hui o nā iwi e hana i nā hono synovial?
A. Iwi poʻo
B. Iwi kuamoʻo
C. Kuʻekuʻe wāwae
D. Nā iwi ʻaoʻao
_Kūkākūkā:_
ʻO nā hono synovial ke ʻano hono e neʻe manuahi loa i loko o ke kino a loaʻa ma nā wēlau o nā iwi lōʻihi. Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau hono e kahi lua hono i piha i ka wai synovial a ua lako me nā ligaments e hoʻopaʻa i ka neʻe ʻana.
– A. Iwi poʻo: Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā iwi o ke poʻo e nā hono fibrous. No ka mea, ʻo kā lākou hana ke pale i ka lolo, he liʻiliʻi ka neʻe ʻana ma ʻaneʻi.
– B. Iwi kuamoʻo: Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka iwi kuamoʻo e nā hono cartilaginous ma waena o kēlā me kēia vertebra, e hāʻawi ana i kekahi neʻe ʻana, akā ʻaʻole like me nā hono synovial.
– C. Kuʻekuʻe wāwae: Pololei. ʻO ke kuʻekuʻe wāwae kahi laʻana o kahi hui synovial e ʻae ai i ka neʻe manuahi e like me ke kulou ʻana a me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana.
– D. Iwi ʻaoʻao: Hoʻopili ʻia nā iwi ʻaoʻao i ka sternum ma o nā hono cartilaginous e ʻae ai i ka neʻe liʻiliʻi i ka wā e hanu ana.
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo C. Kuʻekuʻe wāwae.
Laʻana Nīnau 2: Hana o ka Wai Synovial
_Nīnau:_ He aha ka hana nui o ka wai synovial i loko o nā hono synovial?
A. Kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi
B. E hōʻemi i ka hakakā ma waena o nā iwi
C. Hoʻopuka i nā hunaola koko
D. Ka mālama ʻana i ka kalipuna
_Kūkākūkā:_
He wai hoʻoluʻu kūlohelohe ka wai synovial e hoʻopiha ana i nā lua o nā hono synovial. ʻO kāna mau hana nui:
– A. Kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi: Wahaheʻe. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi e nā epiphyses a me nā hormones, ʻaʻole e ka wai synovial.
– B. Hoʻēmi i ka paio ma waena o nā iwi: ʻAe. Hana ka wai synovial ma ke ʻano he lubricant e hōʻemi ana i ka paio ma waena o nā wēlau o nā iwi e hui pū ana, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka neʻe mālie a ʻeha ʻole.
– C. Ka hana ʻana i nā hunaola koko: Wahaheʻe. Hana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana ma ka iwi ʻaʻole ma nā hono.
– D. Ka mālama ʻana i ka calcium: Kūpono ʻole. Hana ka iwi holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he mālama calcium, akā ʻaʻole pili pono ka wai synovial i ka mālama ʻana i ka calcium.
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B. E hōʻemi i ka hakakā ma waena o nā iwi.
Laʻana Nīnau 3: Ke ʻIke ʻana i ke ʻAno o ka Iwi a me kāna Hana
_Nīnau:_ ʻO wai o kēia mau ʻōlelo i pololei loa e pili ana i nā disc intervertebral?
A. Aia i loko o nā iwi paʻakikī a paʻakikī
B. Loaʻa ka hana nui o ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū
C. Hāʻawi i ka uluna a ʻae i ka neʻe ʻana o ka iwi kuamoʻo.
D. Hana ma ke ʻano he kikowaena no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula
_Kūkākūkā:_
He mau ʻano koʻikoʻi nā diski intervertebral ma waena o nā iwi kuamoʻo o ka iwi kuamoʻo. Hana lākou ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopau haʻalulu a ʻae i ka neʻe maʻalahi i loko o ka iwi kuamoʻo.
– A. Hana ʻia me ka iwi paʻakikī a paʻakikī: Wahaheʻe. ʻAʻole iwi paʻakikī ka diski, akā, hana ʻia me kahi nucleus pulposus palupalu a me kahi annulus fibrosus paʻakikī ma waho.
– B. Loaʻa ka hana nui o ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū: ʻAʻole pololei. ʻO ka hana nui o nā diski ma ka iwi kuamoʻo, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo no nā ʻōpū.
– C. E hāʻawi i ka uluna a ʻae i ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka iwi kuamoʻo: Pololei. Hoʻemi nā diski i ke kaomi ma waena o nā iwi a ʻae i ka maʻalahi o ka neʻe ʻana.
– D. Hana ma ke ʻano he kikowaena no ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula: ʻAʻole pololei. Hana ʻia kēia hana e ka iwi iwi.
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo C. Hāʻawi i ka uluna a ʻae i ka neʻe ʻana o ka iwi kuamoʻo.
Laʻana Nīnau 4: Nā Hono Cartilaginous
_Nīnau:_ Aia nā hono cartilaginous ma nā wahi hea o ke kino kanaka?
A. Nā humuhumu cranial
B. Symphysis pubic
C. Hono poʻohiwi
D. Manamana lima
_Kūkākūkā:_
ʻIke ʻia nā hono cartilaginous e ke alo o nā iwi cartilaginous e hoʻohui ana. He neʻe iki ko lākou a kākoʻo i kekahi mau ʻano kino.
– A. ʻO ke kuʻi ʻana o ke poʻo: Wahaheʻe. He laʻana kēia o kahi hui fibrous, ʻaʻole he hui cartilaginous.
– B. Pubic symphysis: Pololei. ʻO ka pubic symphysis kahi laʻana o kahi hui cartilaginous i loaʻa ma waena o nā iwi pelvic. Hāʻawi ia i kahi neʻe ma waena o nā iwi pelvic.
– C. Hui poʻohiwi: Wahaheʻe. He hui synovial ka hui poʻohiwi e ʻae ai i kahi ākea o ka neʻe ʻana.
– D. Manamana lima: Hewa. Loaʻa i nā manamana lima nā hono synovial.
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B. Pubic symphysis.
Ka hopena
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā pilina ma waena o nā iwi a me nā ʻano o nā hono e hoʻopili ai iā lākou he mea nui ia no ke aʻo ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hana a ke kanaka. Ma mua o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī hou aku, ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kou ʻike kumu o ka hui ʻana o ka iwi e kōkua iā ʻoe e pane pololei i nā nīnau. Me ka manaʻolana, hāʻawi kēia kūkākūkā i ka ʻike a hoʻomaʻalahi i kou hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā iwi.
