Nā nīnau hoʻohālike no ke kūkākūkā ʻana no ka photosynthesis
He hana biochemical ka photosynthesis i hana ʻia e nā mea kanu, algae, a me kekahi mau bacteria e hoʻololi i ka ikehu lā i ikehu kemika ma ke ʻano o ka glucose. He mea nui kēia hana no ke ola ma ka Honua no ka mea e hana ana i ka oxygen a hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ke kaulahao meaʻai. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i kekahi mau pilikia hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka photosynthesis a me kā lākou wehewehe ʻana e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i kēia manaʻo.
Hoʻolauna i ka Photosynthesis
Ma mua o ko mākou luʻu ʻana i nā pilikia hoʻohālike, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā kumu o ka photosynthesis. Hana ʻia ka photosynthesis i loko o nā chloroplasts, nā organelles i loaʻa i loko o nā cell mea kanu. Pili ke kaʻina hana i ʻelua mau pae nui: nā hopena māmā a me ke kaʻina hana Calvin. Hana ʻia nā hopena māmā i loko o ka membrane thylakoid, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mālamalama e hoʻokaʻawale i nā molekala wai a hana i ka ATP a me NADPH. ʻO ke kaʻina hana Calvin, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hana ʻia i loko o ka chloroplast stroma, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka ATP a me NADPH e hoʻololi i ke kalapona dioxide i glucose.
Nā Nīnau Laʻana a me ke Kūkākūkā
Nīnau 1: Kaʻina Hoʻokaʻawale Wai
Nīnau:
He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka māhele ʻana i nā molekala wai i ka photosynthesis, a ma hea e hana ʻia ai kēia kaʻina hana?
Kūkākūkā:
ʻO ka māhele ʻana o ka wai, a i ʻole photolysis, ke kaʻina hana e wāwahi ʻia ai nā molekala wai i oxygen, protons, a me nā electrons. Hana ʻia kēia hopena ma nā thylakoids o nā chloroplasts i ka wā o nā hopena māmā. He mea koʻikoʻi ka photolysis no ka mea hoʻohana ʻia nā electrons i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke kaulahao lawe electron e hana i ka ATP a me NADPH, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka oxygen ma ke ʻano he huahana ʻaoʻao e pono ai no ke ola.
Nīnau 2: Nā Pigments Photosynthetic
Nīnau:
E wehewehe i ke kuleana o ka chlorophyll i ka photosynthesis a no ke aha e ʻōmaʻomaʻo ai nā mea kanu?
Kūkākūkā:
ʻO Chlorophyll ka pigment mua e kuleana no ka omo ʻana i ka mālamalama i ka wā o ka photosynthesis. ʻElua ʻano nui o ka chlorophyll: chlorophyll a a me chlorophyll b. Hoʻopili kēia mau pigment i ka mālamalama ʻulaʻula a me ka uliuli-violet akā hōʻike i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻōmaʻomaʻo ai nā mea kanu. He mea nui ka Chlorophyll no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu mālamalama i ikehu kemika ma ke ʻano o ATP a me NADPH ma o ke kaulahao lawe electron.
Nīnau 3: ʻO ke Kaʻapuni Calvin
Nīnau:
He aha ka huahana hope loa o ke kaʻina hana Calvin, a pehea e hana ʻia ai kēia molekala?
Kūkākūkā:
ʻO ka huahana hope loa o ke kaʻina hana Calvin he glucose, ʻoiai ʻo ka molekala koke i hana ʻia he glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ke kalapona ʻokikene e ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), i hoʻopili ʻia e ka enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). A laila hoʻohana ʻia ʻo G3P ma nā ala metabolic like ʻole e hana i ka glucose a me nā kalapona ʻē aʻe.
Nīnau 4: Nā Kumu Kaiapuni
Nīnau:
E inoa a wehewehe i ʻekolu mau kumu kaiapuni e hoʻohuli i ka wikiwiki o ka photosynthesis.
Kūkākūkā:
1. Ikaika o ke Kukui: Pono ka mālamalama i ka photosynthesis e hoʻokele i nā hopena kukui. Ma nā ikaika kukui haʻahaʻa, piʻi ka wikiwiki o ka photosynthesis me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika kukui. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa, pau ka piʻi ʻana o ka wikiwiki o ka photosynthesis me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika kukui ma muli o nā kumu palena ʻē aʻe.
2. Ka nui o ke kalapona dioxide: ʻO ke kalapona dioxide ka mea maka mua ma ke kaʻina hana Calvin. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka CO2 hiki ke hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ka photosynthesis a hiki i kahi kiko, ma hope o ia mea e lilo ai ka enzyme RuBisCO i mea palena.
3. Mahana: Hoʻopilikia ka mahana i ka hana enzyme, me nā mea e pili ana i ka photosynthesis. Hoʻonui pinepine ka wikiwiki o ka photosynthesis me ka mahana a hiki i kahi kiko kūpono; ma ʻō aku o kēia kiko, emi ka wikiwiki i ka wā e hoʻololi ai nā enzymes.
Nīnau 5: Hanu Kiʻi
Nīnau:
He aha ke ʻano o ka hanu ʻana o ka photosynthesis a pehea e pili ai kēia kaʻina hana i nā hopena o ka photosynthesis?
Kūkākūkā:
ʻO ka photorespiration ke kaʻina hana e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka oxygen e RuBisCO e hoʻopau i ka RuBP, e hana ana i ka phosphoglycolate, a laila hoʻololi ʻia i glycerate i loko o ke kaʻina hana photorespiratory. Hoʻemi kēia kaʻina hana i ka pono o ka photosynthesis ma o ka nalowale ʻana o ke kalapona a me ka ikehu i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka synthesis glucose. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka photorespiration ma lalo o nā kūlana mālamalama kiʻekiʻe a me nā haʻahaʻa CO2.
Pani
He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka photosynthesis no ka mea he mea nui kēia kaʻina hana i ke ola ma ka Honua. Ma ke kūkākūkā ʻana i nā pilikia like ʻole e pili ana i ka photosynthesis, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi ʻike hohonu o kāna mau ʻano hana a me nā mea e hoʻohuli ai iā ia. ʻAʻole wale kēia kaʻina hana he mea nui i ka biology mea kanu akā he kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi i nā ʻōnaehana ola honua a me ke kaʻapuni kalapona. Manaʻolana, e kōkua kēia mau pilikia iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ke kumumanaʻo o ka photosynthesis.
