Laʻana o nā nīnau kūkākūkā Phagocyte
ʻO nā phagocytes kahi ʻano o nā cell koko keʻokeʻo e pāʻani ana i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO kēia mau cell ke kuleana no ka luku ʻana i nā pathogens ʻino, e like me nā bacteria a me nā virus, ma o kahi kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo phagocytosis. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi hohonu mākou i ke kumumanaʻo o ka phagocytosis a hāʻawi i kekahi mau pilikia hoʻohālike e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo pehea e hana ai nā phagocytes.
Hoʻolauna i ka Phagocytosis
ʻO ka Phagocytosis ke kaʻina hana e hoʻopuni ai nā pūnaewele phagocytic a luku i nā microorganism a i ʻole nā mea ʻē. ʻO nā pūnaewele phagocytic i ʻike nui ʻia e komo pū me nā neutrophils a me nā macrophages. ʻO nā ʻano hana nui o ka phagocytosis ka ʻike ʻana i nā pathogen, ka nakinaki ʻana, ka internalization, a me ka luku hope ʻana ma o nā enzymes a i ʻole nā kemika i loaʻa i loko o nā lysosomes.
Aia kekahi mau pae koʻikoʻi o ka phagocytosis:
1. Ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana: Loaʻa i nā phagocytes nā mea loaʻa e hiki ke ʻike i nā pathogens ma o nā molekala kikoʻī ma luna o ka ʻili o ka pathogen. Ke hoʻopaʻa kahi pathogen i ka receptor, hoʻopuni ka phagocyte i ka pathogen.
2. Ka ʻai ʻana i nā pathogens: Ma hope o ka nakinaki ʻana, hana ka phagocyte i nā pseudopodia e hoʻopuni ana i ka pathogen a hana i kahi phagosome, kahi vesicle e hoʻopuni ana i ka pathogen.
3. Ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka phagolysosome: A laila hui pū ka phagosome me kahi lysosome e loaʻa ana nā enzyme degradative. Hoʻokumu kēia i kahi phagolysosome, kahi e luku ʻia ai ka pathogen.
4. Ka luku ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana: Hoʻopau nā enzymes Lysosomal i nā pathogens, a ua wāwahi ʻia a lawe ʻia nā molekala pono ʻole mai ke keena.
Ke Koʻikoʻi o nā Phagocytes i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā phagocytes i ka pale ʻana i ke kino mai ka maʻi. Me ka ʻole o ka hana phagocytic kūpono, e palupalu ko mākou kino i nā maʻi like ʻole. Loaʻa kekahi mau maʻi, e like me ka Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD), ke hana ʻole nā phagocytes i kā lākou mau hana pono.
Nā Nīnau Laʻana a me ke Kūkākūkā
Eia kekahi mau laʻana o nā nīnau e pili ana i ka phagocytosis me kā lākou mau kūkākūkā ʻana.
Nīnau 1: E wehewehe i ke kuleana o nā mea loaʻa ma ka ʻili o nā phagocytes i ke kaʻina hana o ka phagocytosis.
Kūkākūkā:
Hana nā mea loaʻa ma ka ʻili o nā phagocytes ma ke ʻano he mau wahi ʻike, e ʻae ana iā lākou e ʻike a hoʻopaʻa i nā pathogens kikoʻī. Aia nā ʻano mea loaʻa like ʻole, e like me nā mea loaʻa ʻike pattern (PRRs), e ʻike ana i nā ʻano molekala ma nā microbes. ʻO kekahi ʻano PRR ʻo Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nona ke kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻōnaehana pale kūlohelohe. Ke ʻike nā mea loaʻa i kahi pathogen, hoʻāla lākou i nā hōʻailona e hoʻoulu ai i ka phagocyte e hoʻomaka i ka phagocytosis, ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopuni ʻana i ka pathogen.
Nīnau 2: He aha ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā macrophages a me nā neutrophils i ke kaʻina hana o ka phagocytosis?
Kūkākūkā:
He mau phagocytes nā Macrophages a me nā neutrophils, akā he ʻokoʻa iki ko lākou mau kuleana a me nā ʻano. ʻO Neutrophils nā pūnaewele phagocytic mua e hōʻea i kahi o ka maʻi a loaʻa iā lākou nā hiki phagocytic ikaika akā pōkole. He pōkole ko lākou ola a make koke ma hope o ka phagocytosis. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā macrophages a he kuleana ko lākou i ka hana ʻana i nā antigens a me ka hōʻailona ʻana i ke alo o ka maʻi i nā pūnaewele pale ʻē aʻe. Hana pū nā Macrophages i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā pūnaewele kino i hōʻino ʻia a make paha a he kuleana ko lākou i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻiʻo.
Nīnau 3: Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano o ka phagocytosis i nā phagocytes i hoʻāla ʻia e ka maʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā phagocytes i hoʻāla ʻole ʻia?
Kūkākūkā:
ʻO nā phagocytes i hoʻāla ʻia e ka maʻi e loaʻa pinepine ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana phagocytic a me ka hiki ke hana i ka oxygen reactive a me nā ʻano nitrogen, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pepehi ʻana i nā pathogens. Ke hoʻāla ʻia nā phagocytes, pinepine ʻia e nā hōʻailona kemika i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka pane mumū, hōʻike lākou i nā mea loaʻa ʻike ʻano hou aʻe a hana maikaʻi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā maʻi. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau ʻano mai nā phagocytes i kahi kūlana i hoʻāla ʻole ʻia, hiki ke hana wale ma ka phagocytosis maʻamau me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka hana ʻana o nā molekala luku.
Nīnau 4: No ke aha he mea nui nā phagocytes i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka palekana adaptive?
Kūkākūkā:
ʻO nā phagocytes, ʻoiai nā macrophages a me nā cell dendritic, he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka antigen, kahi ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pale ʻana o ka adaptive. Ma hope o ka phagocytosis, ua luku ʻia nā pathogens a ua hana ʻia kā lākou mau ʻāpana i nā antigens, a laila hōʻike ʻia e nā molekala Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ma luna o ka ʻili phagocyte. Hiki i nā T-lymphocytes ke ʻike i kēia mau antigens, e hoʻoulu ai i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā cell T, a hoʻomaka i kahi pane pale kikoʻī e kūʻē i ka pathogen i nīnau ʻia. No laila, hoʻopili nā phagocytes i nā ʻōnaehana pale kūlohelohe a me nā adaptive.
Nīnau 5: E kūkākūkā i ke koʻikoʻi o nā phagosomes a me nā phagolysosomes i ka phagocytosis.
Kūkākūkā:
He mau ʻano koʻikoʻi nā phagosomes a me nā phagolysosomes i ke kaʻina hana o ka phagocytosis. ʻO nā phagosome he mau vesicles i hoʻokumu ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻopuni ʻana o kahi phagocyte i kahi pathogen. Hana nā phagosome e pale i ke kelepona mai ka hōʻino ʻia e ka pathogen. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o phagosome, hui pū kēia mau vesicles me nā lysosomes e loaʻa ana nā enzymes hydrolytic e hana i nā phagolysosomes. I loko o ka phagolysosome, ua hōʻike ʻia ka pathogen i kahi ʻano waikawa a me nā enzymes luku e wāwahi i nā ʻāpana o ka pathogen. ʻAʻole wale kēia kaʻina hana e pale i ke kelepona host mai ka hōʻino ʻana akā e hōʻoia pū hoʻi ua luku pono ʻia ka pathogen.
Ka hopena
He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā phagocytes o ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino, e pale ana iā mākou mai nā maʻi like ʻole. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana ʻana o nā phagocytes, hiki iā mākou ke mahalo i ka paʻakikī a me ka maikaʻi o ko mākou kino i ke kaua ʻana i nā hoʻoweliweli o waho. E kōkua kēia pilikia hoʻohālike iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo hou aku i ka phagocytosis a me kona koʻikoʻi i ka ʻōnaehana pale. Me kēia ʻike, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike pehea e mālama ai ke kino i ka homeostasis a hakakā i nā maʻi ma ke ʻano i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia a kikoʻī.
