He kumuhana koʻikoʻi ka uila paʻa i ka physics papa 12. Pili ia i nā hanana e pili ana i nā uku uila i ka wā hoʻomaha a i ʻole ka neʻe ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā manaʻo kumu, ke kānāwai o Coulomb, a me nā kahua uila he mea nui ia no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia like ʻole e pili ana i ka uila paʻa. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i kekahi mau laʻana o nā pilikia uila paʻa e ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua papa 12, me kā lākou mau hoʻonā.
Nā Manaʻo Kumu o ka Uila Paʻa
ʻO ka uila paʻa ka hopena o kahi kaulike ʻole o nā uku uila ma luna o ka ʻili o kahi mea. Hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia kēia uku mai kekahi mea i kekahi mea ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka friction, conduction, a me ka induction.
– Ke Kānāwai o Coulomb: Ke wehewehe nei kēia kānāwai i ka ikaika o ka huki a i ʻole ka hoʻokuke ʻana ma waena o ʻelua mau kiko uila. ʻO ke ʻano hana no ke kānāwai o Coulomb:
\[
F = k \frac{{|q_1 q_2|}}{{r^2}}
\]
Ma hea:
– ʻO \( F \) ka ikaika ma waena o nā uku (Newton).
– ʻO \( k \) ke kūpaʻa o Coulomb (\( 8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \)).
– ʻO \( q_1 \) a me \( q_2 \) nā nui o nā uku (Coulombs).
– ʻO \( r \) ka mamao ma waena o nā uku ʻelua (mika).
– Kahua Uila: ʻO ke kahua uila ka hakahaka a puni kahi uku uila kahi e hiki ai ke ʻike ʻia kahi ikaika uila e nā uku ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kahua uila \( E \) ma kahi mamao \( r \) mai kahi uku \( Q \) penei:
\[
E = k \frac{Q}{r^2}
\]
Nā Nīnau Laʻana a me ke Kūkākūkā
Laʻana Nīnau 1: Mana Coulomb
Nīnau:
Aia ʻelua mau uku uila o \( 2 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) a me \( -3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) ma kahi mamao o 0,1 mika. E helu i ka ikaika Coulomb ma waena o nā uku ʻelua.
Hoʻonā:
E hoʻohana i ke ʻano hana kānāwai o Coulomb:
\[
F = k \frac{{|q_1 q_2|}}{{r^2}}
\]
E pani i nā waiwai i ʻike ʻia:
\[
ʻO F = 8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \times \frac{{(2 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C})(3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C})}}{{(0,1 \, \text{m})^2}}
\]
\[
F = 8.99 \times 10^9 \times \frac{6 \times 10^{-12}}{0,01}
\]
\[
F = 8.99 \times 10^9 \times 6 \times 10^{-10}
\]
\[
F = 53,94 \times 10^{-1} \, \text{N}
\]
\[
F = 5,394 \, \text{N}
\]
No laila, ʻo ka ikaika Coulomb ma waena o nā uku ʻelua he 5,394 N.
Laʻana Nīnau 2: Kahua Uila ma o kahi Hoʻopiʻi Kiko
Nīnau:
E helu i ke kahua uila ma kahi mamao o 0,05 mika mai kahi hoʻouku o \( 4 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \).
Hoʻonā:
E hoʻohana i ke ʻano o ke kahua uila:
\[
E = k \frac{Q}{r^2}
\]
E pani i nā waiwai i ʻike ʻia:
\[
E = 8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \times \frac{4 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C}}{(0,05 \, \text{m})^2}
\]
\[
E = 8.99 \times 10^9 \times \frac{4 \times 10^{-6}}{0,0025}
\]
\[
E = 8.99 \times 10^9 \times 1,6 \times 10^{-3}
\]
\[
E = 14,384 \times 10^6 \, \text{N/C}
\]
\[
E = 1,4384 \times 10^7 \, \text{N/C}
\]
No laila, ʻo ke kahua uila ma kahi mamao o 0,05 mika mai ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana he \( 1,4384 \times 10^7 \, \text{N/C} \).
Laʻana Nīnau 3: Ka Mana Uila
Nīnau:
Ua kau ʻia kahi uku o \( 5 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) ma kekahi wahi. E helu i ka hiki ke uila ma kahi mamao o 0,2 mika mai ka uku.
Hoʻonā:
E hoʻohana i ke ʻano hana uila:
\[
V = k \frac{Q}{r}
\]
E pani i nā waiwai i ʻike ʻia:
\[
ʻO V = 8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \times \frac{5 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C}}{0,2 \, \text{m}}
\]
\[
V = 8.99 \times 10^9 \times 25 \times 10^{-6}
\]
\[
V = 224,75 \times 10^3 \, \text{V}
\]
\[
V = 2,2475 \times 10^5 \, \text{V}
\]
No laila, ʻo ka hiki ke uila ma kahi mamao o 0,2 mika mai ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana he \( 2,2475 \times 10^5 \, \text{V} \).
Laʻana Nīnau 4: Ikehu Hiki Uila
Nīnau:
ʻElua mau hoʻouka o \( 3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) a me \( -2 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) ma kahi mamao o 0,1 mika. E helu i ka ikehu hiki ke uila o ka ʻōnaehana.
Hoʻonā:
E hoʻohana i ke ʻano ikehu hiki ke uila:
\[
ʻU = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r}
\]
E pani i nā waiwai i ʻike ʻia:
\[
ʻO U = 8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \times \frac{(3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C})(-2 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C})}{0,1 \, \text{m}}
\]
\[
U = 8.99 \times 10^9 \times \frac{-6 \times 10^{-12}}{0,1}
\]
\[
U = -5,394 \times 10^{-1} \, \text{J}
\]
\[
U = -0,5394 \, \kikokikona{J}
\]
No laila, ʻo ka ikehu uila o ka ʻōnaehana he -0,5394 J.
Ka hopena
He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka uila static a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā manaʻo kumu e like me ke kānāwai o Coulomb, nā kahua uila, ka hiki ke uila, a me ka ikehu hiki ke uila i ka physics papa 12. Ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā pilikia hoʻohālike ma luna, manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa i nā haumāna kahi ʻike maikaʻi aʻe o kēia mau manaʻo a hiki ke hoʻopili iā lākou i nā kūlana like ʻole. Kōkua pū kēia mau pilikia i nā haumāna e hoʻomākaukau no nā hoʻokolohua paʻakikī a me nā pilikia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā ʻano pilikia uila static like ʻole e hoʻoikaika i kou ʻike manaʻo a hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu mau mākau hoʻoponopono pilikia physics. E hōʻoia mau e hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i nā kumu kumumanaʻo ma mua o ka hana ʻana i nā pilikia, no ka mea, ʻo ka ʻike paʻa e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka pololei.
