Laʻana o nā nīnau ikehu hiki ke uila

Laʻana o nā Nīnau Ikehu Hiki Uila

1. Hoʻolalelale ʻia kahi uila mai ka hoʻomaha ma o kahi ʻokoʻa hiki o 12 volts. He aha ka loli o ka ikehu hiki o ka uila?
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
Hoʻouka 1 uila (e) = -1,60 x 10^-19 ʻO Coulomb
ʻOkoʻa hiki ke uila = voltage uila (V) = 12 Volts
Ua nīnau ʻia: Ka loli ʻana o ka ikehu hiki i ka electron (ΔEP)
Pane:
ΔEP = q V = (-1,60 x 10^-19 C)(12 V) = -19,2 x 10^-19 Joule
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole ikehu hiki ke uila emi iho. Ke kokoke i ka papa i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, aia ka ikehu uila o ka electron ma kona kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana kokoke i ka papa i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia, aia ka ikehu uila o ka electron ma kona palena iki.

2. ʻElua mau papa like i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ke kahua uila ma waena o nā papa ʻelua he 500 Volts/mika. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā papa ʻelua he 2 kenimika. E hoʻoholo i ka loli o ka ikehu hiki o kahi proton ke neʻe ia mai ka papa i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ka maikaʻi ʻole i ka papa i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ka maikaʻi ʻole!
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
Kahua uila ma waena o nā papa ʻelua (E) = 500 Volts/mika
Ka mamao ma waena o nā papa ʻelua (s) = 2 kenimika = 0,02 mika
Ka uku proton = +1,60 x 10^-19 ʻO Coulomb
Ua nīnau ʻia: Ka loli ʻana o ka ikehu hiki ke uila (ΔEP)
Pane:

E helu mua i ka ʻokoʻa hiki a i ʻole uila uila :

V = E s
V = (500 Volts/mika)(0,02 mika)
V = 10 Volt

Nā loli i ka ikehu hiki ke uila:

ΔEP = q V
ΔEP = (1,60 x 10^-19 C)(10 V)
ΔEP = 16 x 10^-19 Joule
ΔEP = 1,6 x 10^-18 Joule

Ke kokoke i ka papa i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia, aia ka ikehu uila o ka proton i kona kiʻekiʻe loa. I ka hiki ʻana aku i kahi kokoke i ka papa i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, aia ka ikehu uila o ka proton i kona liʻiliʻi loa. No laila, i ka neʻe ʻana mai ka papa i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i ka papa i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia, emi iho ka ikehu uila o ka proton.

3. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻelua mau uku e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. ʻO ka uku ma A he +9 μC a ʻo ka uku ma B he -4 μC. ʻO ke kūpaʻa o Coulomb (k) = 9 x 10⁹ Nm²C^-2, 1 μC = 10^-6 C. Pehea ka nui o ka loli o ka ikehu uila o ka uku B inā neʻe ia i ka uku A?
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
Hoʻopiʻi A (q₁) = +9 μC = +9 x 10^-6 C
Hoʻopiʻi B (q₁) = -4 μC = -4 x 10^-6 C
ʻO ke kūpaʻa o Coulomb (k) = 9 x 10⁹ Nm²C^-2
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā uku A a me B (r) = 10 kenimika = 0,1 mika = 10^-1 mika
Ua nīnau ʻia: Ka loli ʻana o ka ikehu uila o ka uku B inā neʻe ia i ka uku A
Pane:

Neʻe ka ukana B i ka ukana A i emi ai kona ikehu hiki ke uila ma 2,4 Joules.
Ua like kēia me kahi mea nui e neʻe ana i lalo i ka honua i emi ai kona kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikehu hiki ke umekaumaha.

4. Ua kau ʻia kahi ʻāpana me ka uku o \( q = 5 \times 10^{-6} \) C i loko o kahi kahua uila me ka hiki o \( V = 300 \) V. He aha ka ikehu hiki uila o ka ʻāpana?

Kūkākūkā:
Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ikehu hiki ke uila e:
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ U = 5 \times 10^{-6} \times 300 \]
\[ U = 1.5 \times 10^{-3} \] J

5. Ua kau ʻia kahi uila i loko o kahi kahua uila me ka hiki o 500 V. He aha ka ikehu hiki uila o ka uila?

Kūkākūkā:
Ka uku uila \( q = -1.6 \times 10^{-19} \) C.
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ U = -1.6 \times 10^{-19} \times 500 \]
\[ U = -8 \times 10^{-17} \] J

6. Neʻe kahi proton mai kahi hiki o 100 V a i 200 V. He aha ka loli o kona ikehu hiki?

Kūkākūkā:
Ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka proton \( q = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \) C.
\[ \Delta U = q \times \Delta V \]
\[ \Delta U = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \times (200 – 100) \]
\[ \Delta U = 1.6 \times 10^{-17} \] J

7. ʻElua mau mea me nā uku \( q_1 = 2 \times 10^{-6} \) C a me \( q_2 = -3 \times 10^{-6} \) C ua kau ʻia i loko o kahi kahua uila me ka hiki o \( V = 400 \) V. He aha ka huina ikehu hiki o nā mea ʻelua?

Kūkākūkā:
\[ U_1 = q_1 \times V \]
\[ U_2 = q_2 \times V \]
\[ U_{huina} = U_1 + U_2 \]
\[ U_{total} = (2 \times 10^{-6} + (-3 \times 10^{-6})) \times 400 \]
\[ U_{total} = -4 \times 10^{-3} \] J

8. Aia kahi ion me ka uku \( q = 4e \) (kahi \( e \) ka uku mua) i loko o kahi kahua uila me ka hiki \( V = 250 \) V. He aha ka ikehu hiki uila o ka ion?

Kūkākūkā:
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ U = 4 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \times 250 \]
\[ U = 1.6 \times 10^{-16} \] J

9. Ua ʻike ʻia he ikehu hiki o kahi ʻāpana me ka uku o \( q = -7 \times 10^{-5} \) C he \( 2 \times 10^{-2} \) J. He aha ka hiki o ke kahua uila kahi i loaʻa ai ka ʻāpana?

Kūkākūkā:
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ V = \frac{U}{q} \]
\[ V = \frac{2 \times 10^{-2}}{-7 \times 10^{-5}} \]
\[ V = -285.71 \] V

10. ʻElua mau mea me nā uku uila \( q_1 = 5e \) a me \( q_2 = -2e \) aia i loko o kahi kahua uila me ka hiki ke \( V = 300 \) V. He aha ka ikehu hiki ke holoʻokoʻa o nā mea ʻelua?

Kūkākūkā:
\[ U_1 = q_1 \times V \]
\[ U_2 = q_2 \times V \]
\[ U_{huina} = U_1 + U_2 \]
\[ U_{total} = (5 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19} – 2 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}) \times 300 \]
\[ U_{total} = 1.44 \times 10^{-16} \] J

11. He ikehu hiki o kahi ion me kahi uku \( q = -3e \) he \( -9.6 \times 10^{-19} \) J. He aha ka hiki o ke kahua uila kahi i loaʻa ai ka ion?

Kūkākūkā:
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ V = \frac{U}{q} \]
\[ V = \frac{-9.6 \times 10^{-19}}{-3 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}} \]
\[ V = 200 \] V

12. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka ikehu hiki ke uila o kahi uku \( q \) i loko o kahi kahua uila me ka hiki \( V = 450 \) V ʻo \( 9 \times 10^{-18} \) J. He aha ka uku \( q \)?

Kūkākūkā:
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ q = \frac{U}{V} \]
\[ q = \frac{9 \times 10^{-18}}{450} \]
\[ q = 2 \times 10^{-20} \] C

13. Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi uku maikaʻi \( q = 1.5 \times 10^{-19} \) C mai kahi kiko me ka hiki \( V_1 = 100 \) V a i \( V_2 = 500 \) V. He aha ka loli o ka ikehu hiki?

Kūkākūkā:
\[ \Delta U = q \times \Delta V \]
\[ \Delta U = 1.5 \times 10^{-19} \times (500 – 100) \]
\[ \Delta U = 6 \times 10^{-17} \] J