Ke Kuleana o Biomedicine i ka Noiʻi ʻana i nā Maʻi Hoʻopili
Pendahuluan
ʻO nā maʻi lele kekahi o nā pilikia olakino nui loa i ka mōʻaukala kanaka. Ua hōʻike nā maʻi ahulau e like me ka Black Death, ka maʻi palū Sepania, a me ka mea hou loa, ʻo COVID-19, i ka maʻalahi o ka laha ʻana o nā maʻi lele a me ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā pohō nui i ke olakino lehulehu a me ka hoʻokele waiwai honua. I ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau pilikia, he mea koʻikoʻi ke kuleana o ka biomedicine i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā maʻi lele. ʻO Biomedicine kahi lālā o ka ʻepekema e hoʻohui i nā loina olaola a me nā loina lapaʻau e hoʻomaopopo, ʻike, a mālama i nā maʻi. I loko o ke ʻano o nā maʻi lele, hāʻawi ka biomedicine i nā ʻano ʻenehana a me nā ʻano ʻepekema e hiki ai ke pane maikaʻi a maikaʻi.
He Moʻolelo Pōkole o ka Noiʻi Biomedical
Ua holomua koke ka noiʻi biomedical mai ke kenekulia 19, me ka ʻike ʻana i nā microorganisms like ʻole e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi. ʻO Louis Pasteur lāua ʻo Robert Koch nā paionia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pathogens e like me ka bacteria a me nā virus. Ua hōʻike lākou ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi e nā pathogens kikoʻī, ʻaʻole na nā kumumanaʻo "ea ʻino" a i ʻole miasma i paʻa nui ʻia ma mua. Ua alakaʻi kēia mau ʻike i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana holomua no ke aʻo ʻana i nā microorganisms a pehea lākou e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi.
Nā ʻAno Hana Biomedical no ke Aʻo ʻana i nā Maʻi Pipili
1. Ka ʻIke ʻana i nā Maʻi ʻIno
ʻO kekahi o nā hana mua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā maʻi lele, ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana i nā pathogens e hoʻoulu ai iā lākou. Hoʻohana nā ʻano hana biomedical i nā ʻenehana e like me ka microscopy electron, ka moʻomeheu cell, a me nā ʻano hana molekala e like me PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) e ʻike i nā microorganism me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe. No ka laʻana, ma ka noiʻi COVID-19, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā ʻano hana PCR i ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi SARS-CoV-2.
2. Haʻawina Pathogenesis
Ke ʻike ʻia kahi pathogen, ʻo ka hana aʻe ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kona pathogenesis, a pehea paha e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi. Hoʻopuni kēia haʻawina i ke ʻano o ke komo ʻana o ka pathogen i ke kino, ka laha ʻana, a me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻiʻo. Hoʻohana ʻo Biomedicine i nā hiʻohiʻona holoholona a me nā moʻomeheu cell e aʻo i nā pilina ma waena o nā pathogens a me nā kikowaena. No ka laʻana, ua hōʻike nā haʻawina o ka HIV pehea e hoʻouka ai ka maʻi i nā cell T i loko o ka ʻōnaehana pale a hoʻoulu i ka AIDS.
3. Ka Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka Diagnostic
ʻO ka ʻike wikiwiki a pololei hoʻi ke kī i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi lele. Ua hoʻokumu nā ʻano hana biomedical i nā ʻano mea hana a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole, mai nā hoʻāʻo wikiwiki, e like me ka hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻana o ka antigen COVID-19, a hiki i nā ʻano hana paʻakikī e like me ka genomic sequencing. ʻAʻole wale ke kōkua o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻenehana ʻike i ka ʻike mua ʻana akā i ka nānā ʻana i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi.
4. Nā lāʻau pale a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau pale kekahi o nā hāʻawi nui loa o ka biomedicine i ke kaua ʻana i nā maʻi lele. Hana nā lāʻau pale ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike a hakakā i nā pathogens me ka ʻole o ke kumu o ka maʻi ponoʻī. Ua hiki i nā ʻenehana e like me ka recombinant DNA a me nā adjuvants hou ke hoʻomohala i nā lāʻau pale ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana. Ma waho aʻe o nā lāʻau pale, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka biomedicine i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā therapies, ʻo nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ka convalescent plasma therapy no COVID-19.
5. Nā Haʻawina Epidemiological a me ke Hoʻohālike ʻana
ʻAʻole wale ka Biomedicine e kālele ana ma ka pae molekala a i ʻole ke kelepona, akā ma ka pae heluna kanaka. Pili nā haʻawina epidemiology biomedical i ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻikepili e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano maʻi, nā kumu pilikia, a me ka pono o nā hana komo. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana hoʻohālike makemakika a me ka helu e wānana pehea e laha ai nā maʻi i loko o nā heluna kanaka a kōkua i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā hana pale.
Hihia Maoli: COVID-19
Ua hōʻike mai ka maʻi ahulau COVID-19 i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o nā ʻano biomedical like ʻole i ke kaua ʻana i nā maʻi lele. Eia kekahi mau laʻana paʻa o ke ʻano o ka hana a ka biomedicine i ka mālama ʻana i ka COVID-19:
1. ʻIke wikiwiki: ʻO nā ʻano hana PCR a me nā hoʻāʻo antigen wikiwiki e ʻae i ka ʻike wikiwiki ʻana o SARS-CoV-2, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka mea maʻi a me ka huli ʻana i nā pilina.
2. Ka Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka Lāʻau Pale: ʻO nā kahua e like me ka mRNA i hoʻohana ʻia i nā lāʻau pale Pfizer-BioNTech a me Moderna e hoʻokumu ʻia ana ma luna o nā makahiki o ka noiʻi biomedical. ʻAe kēia ʻenehana i nā lāʻau pale e hana ʻia i kahi manawa pōkole loa.
3. Lapaʻau: ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka remdesivir a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau plasma convalescent ka hopena o nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau wikiwiki akā koʻikoʻi i mālama ʻia e nā mea noiʻi biomedical ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
4. Ke Hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka Maʻi ahulau: Kōkua nā kumu hoʻohālike makemakika a me ka helu ʻana i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka laha ʻana o COVID-19, ka mea e hoʻohuli i nā kulekele olakino lehulehu e like me nā laka a me ka mamao kaiapili.
Nā Pilikia a me ka Wā E Hiki Mai Ana
ʻOiai ka holomua nui, ke kū nei ka noiʻi biomedical i nā maʻi lele i nā pilikia he nui. ʻO ke kū'ē ʻana i nā microbial, no ka laʻana, he hoʻoweliweli nui ia e pono ai nā ʻano hana hou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kulekele hoʻohana antibiotic. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o nā pathogens hou mai nā holoholona a i nā kānaka (zoonoses) e koi ana i ka hoʻoikaika nui ʻana i ka ʻike mua a me ka pale ʻana.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, manaʻo ʻia e ulu ka hana o ka biomedicine i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā maʻi lele me nā holomua ʻenehana e like me CRISPR no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka genome, ka ʻenehana AI no ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻikepili nui, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻano aʻo ʻepekema like ʻole. E pāʻani pū ka laulima ma waena o nā ʻāina a me nā ʻoihana i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia olakino honua e paʻakikī nei.
Ka hopena
Ua hāʻawi ʻo Biomedicine i kahi hāʻawi hiki ʻole ke hōʻole ʻia i ka holomua o ka noiʻi ʻana i nā maʻi lele. Mai ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā pathogen, a hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka diagnostic a me ka therapeutic, a hiki i nā haʻawina epidemiological, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu ma luna o nā loina ʻepekema paʻa a me ka ʻenehana e ulu mau nei. Ke kū nei i nā pilikia hou a me nā mea e kū mai ana, ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi biomedical i ka lawelawe ʻana ma ke ʻano he pale koʻikoʻi i ka pale ʻana i ke olakino kanaka mai ka hoʻoweliweli o nā maʻi lele. I loko o kahi au o ka globalization a me ka loli wikiwiki o ke aniau, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia kuleana a koi ʻia ke kākoʻo mai nā pae āpau o ke kaiāulu a me ke aupuni.
