# Pehea e hana ai ka MRI i nā diagnostics lapaʻau
Pendahuluan
ʻO ke Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) kekahi o nā ʻano hana kiʻi lapaʻau kipi loa a ʻaʻole invasive i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. Hoʻohana ka MRI i nā kahua magnetic a me nā nalu radiofrequency e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻiʻo o ke kino me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka radiation ionizing e like me nā CT scans a i ʻole X-ray. E wehewehe kēia ʻatikala pehea e hana ai ka MRI, nā loina kumu ma hope o ke ʻano hana, a me kāna hoʻohana ʻana i nā diagnostics lapaʻau.
Nā Kumumanaʻo Kumu o ka MRI
Hana ka MRI ma ke kumumanaʻo o ka resonance magnetic nuklea, kahi e pili ana i kahi kahua magnetic ikaika a me nā nalu radiofrequency. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kahua magnetic ikaika e kahi magnet superconducting i loko o ka mīkini MRI, hiki ke loaʻa ka ikaika mai 0,5 a 3 tesla a ʻoi aku paha. Hoʻopilikia kēia kahua magnetic i nā molekala o ke kino, ʻoiai nā protons i loko o nā ʻātoma hydrogen, ka ʻāpana nui o ka wai, ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻiʻo olaola.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, hoʻohuli wale kēia mau proton. Eia nō naʻe, ke kau ʻia ke kino i loko o kahi kahua magnetic ikaika, kūlike kēia mau proton me ke kahua magnetic. A laila hoʻouna ʻia nā nalu radiofrequency i loko o ke kino ma o kahi coil radio, e hoʻoulu ai i nā proton e kani, a haʻalulu paha. Ke pio nā nalu radio, hoʻokuʻu nā proton i ka ikehu i ko lākou hoʻi ʻana i ko lākou kūlana mua. A laila hopu ʻia kēia ikehu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka coil receiver i loko o ka mīkini MRI a hoʻololi ʻia i mau hōʻailona i hana ʻia e kahi kamepiula e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā ʻiʻo o ke kino.
Kaʻina Hana Kiʻi MRI
1. Hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka mea maʻi
Ke noi ʻia nei nā mea maʻi e wehe i nā mea hao a pau mai ko lākou kino, e like me nā mea hoʻonani, nā maka aniani, a me nā lole me nā pihi hao, no ka mea, hiki i ke kahua magnetic ikaika ke huki i nā mea hao. I kekahi mau hihia, hāʻawi ʻia nā mea maʻi i kahi mea hoʻohālikelike i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka gadolinium ma o ka inikini intravenous e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi.
2. Kūlana a me ke kau ʻana
Moe ka mea maʻi ma luna o kahi papa scan hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia a ua kau ʻia i loko o ka lua magnetic nui o ka mīkini MRI. He mea nui i ka mea maʻi ke noho mālie i ka wā o ke kiʻi ʻana e hōʻoia i ka maopopo o nā kiʻi.
3. Ka Hana ʻana o ka Mīkini MRI
Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana kiʻi ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi kahua magnetic ikaika a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā nalu lekiō i kahi o ke kino e nānā ʻia nei. Hiki i ke kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa ke hala ma waena o 15 mau minuke a ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi hola, ma muli o ka wahi e nānā ʻia nei a me ka paʻakikī o nā kiʻi e pono ai.
4. Ka Hana ʻana i nā Hōʻailona
A laila hana ʻia nā hōʻailona i loaʻa mai nā protons i loko o ke kino e kahi kamepiula e hana i nā kiʻi ʻokiʻoki a ʻekolu paha o ka ʻāpana kino e nānā ʻia ana. A laila kālailai nā radiologists i kēia mau kiʻi e ʻike i nā ʻano ʻē a i ʻole nā maʻi.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka MRI i nā Diagnostics Lapaʻau
He nui nā noi lapaʻau a ka MRI ma muli o kona hiki ke hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī loa a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi o nā ʻano ʻiʻo palupalu like ʻole. Eia kekahi mau kūlana olakino i ʻike pinepine ʻia a nānā ʻia paha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka MRI:
1. Nā maʻi Neurological
He mea hana koʻikoʻi ka MRI no ka ʻike ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā maʻi neurological like ʻole e like me nā puʻupuʻu lolo, ka sclerosis maha (MS), ka hahau ʻana, a me nā disc herniated. ʻO ka hiki o MRI ke hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī loa o ka lolo e lilo ia i mea pono loa i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻeha liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā loli i loko o ka mea keʻokeʻo a me ka mea hina o ka lolo.
2. Nā maʻi Orthopedic a me Musculoskeletal
He mea pono loa ka MRI i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻeha o ka iwi a me nā hono, e like me ka haehae ʻana o ke ligament a me ke tendon, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā kūlana e like me ka osteoarthritis a me ka rheumatoid arthritis. Hiki i nā kiʻi hopena ke hōʻike maopopo i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻiʻo paʻakikī, nā ʻiʻo palupalu, a me ke wai e hoʻopuni ana i ka wahi e nānā ʻia ana.
3. Kaʻina Hana Puʻuwai
Hoʻohana ʻia ka MRI Cardiac e loiloi i ke ʻano a me ka hana o ka puʻuwai a me nā kīʻaha koko nui. He mea pono loa ia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kūlana e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai hānau, cardiomyopathy, a me ka maʻi ʻaʻa coronary. Me ka MRI, hiki i nā kauka ke loiloi i ke ʻano o ka puʻuwai, ka nui o ke koko i hoʻopuehu ʻia, a me ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i loko o nā aʻa a me nā veins.
4. ʻOncology
Hoʻohana ʻia ka MRI e ʻike a hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻōpū ma nā wahi like ʻole o ke kino, me ka lolo, ka umauma, ka prostate, a me nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa gadolinium ke hoʻonui i ka ʻike ʻia o nā ʻōpū, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kahua a me ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa.
5. ʻŌpū a me Pelvis
Hoʻohana ʻia ka MRI ʻōpū e loiloi i nā ʻano kino like ʻole i loko o ka lua ʻōpū, e like me ke akepaʻa, nā puʻupaʻa, ka pancreas, a me nā ʻano hānau keiki. He mea pono loa ia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi e like me ka cirrhosis ate, nā puʻupaʻa puʻupaʻa, a me nā maʻi gynecological e like me ka endometriosis a me nā fibroids uterine.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Palena o ka MRI
1. Nā Pōmaikaʻi
– ʻAʻohe Radiation Ionizing a ʻAʻohe: ʻAʻole e like me nā X-ray a me nā CT scan, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻo MRI i ka radiation ionizing, e palekana ai no nā poʻe maʻi e pono ai nā hoʻokolokolo hou.
– Nā Kiʻi Kūlana Kiʻekiʻe: Hoʻopuka ʻo MRI i nā kiʻi me ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe loa a me ke ʻano ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi o nā ʻiʻo palupalu.
– Multiplanar Scanning: Hiki i ka MRI ke hana i nā kiʻi ma nā mokulele a i ʻole nā ʻāpana he nui, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻekolu-dimensional e pono loa i ka hoʻolālā ʻoki kino.
2. Nā Palena
– Kumukūʻai a me ka Manawa: ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o ka MRI a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā ʻano hana kiʻi nā ʻōkuʻi ʻē aʻe e like me nā kiʻi X-ray a me nā scan CT.
– ʻOluʻolu ʻole o ka mea maʻi: ʻO ke kaʻina hana lōʻihi a me ka walaʻau mai ka mīkini MRI hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole no kekahi mau mea maʻi, ʻoiai ka poʻe me ka claustrophobia.
– Nā Hōʻaiʻē Lapaʻau: ʻO nā maʻi me nā mea hoʻokomo metala, nā pacemaker, a i ʻole nā ʻāpana metala i loko o ke kino ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i ka MRI ma muli o nā pilikia e pili ana me nā kahua magnetic ikaika.
Ka hopena
Ua hoʻololi nui ʻo MRI i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi mea hana kūpono a palekana hoʻi no ke kiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano ʻiʻo kino like ʻole. Me kona hiki ke hana i nā kiʻi kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka radiation ionizing, ua lilo ʻo MRI i koho mua no nā maʻi lapaʻau he nui, mai ka neurology a me ka orthopedics a i ka cardiology a me ka oncology. ʻOiai he mau palena ko ke ʻano hana, ʻo kona mau pono e lilo ia i mea hana waiwai nui i nā maʻi lapaʻau hou. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana a MRI a me kāna mau noi e kōkua iā mākou e mahalo i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o kēia ʻenehana i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ola.
