Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ka Bacteria no ka ʻOihana
Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka ʻoihana hou me nā mīkini, nā ʻenehana holomua, a me nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi mea kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi a nānā pinepine ʻole ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻoihana like ʻole: bacteria. ʻO nā bacteria, nā microorganism i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe, ua hoʻokani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻoihana like ʻole. E ʻimi hohonu kēia ʻatikala i nā pono o ka bacteria i ka ʻoihana, me nā ʻāpana meaʻai a me ka mea inu, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka mahiʻai, a me ka biotechnology.
Nā Bacteria i ka ʻOihana Meaʻai a me ka Mea Inu
Hoʻomoʻa ʻana
ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻohana kaulana loa o ka bacteria i ka fermentation. ʻO ka fermentation ke kaʻina hana e hoʻololi ai nā microorganisms, e like me ka bacteria, i nā mea organik i nā ʻano maʻalahi. He ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi kēia i ka hana ʻana o nā huahana meaʻai a me nā mea inu like ʻole.
Yogurt a me Kefir
Hoʻohana ʻia nā bacteria waikawa lactic, e like me Lactobacillus bulgaricus lāua ʻo Streptococcus thermophilus, i ka hana ʻana i ka yogurt. Hoʻololi kēia mau bacteria i ka lactose i ka waikawa lactic, e hāʻawi ana i ka yogurt i kona ʻano a me ka ʻono. ʻO Kefir, kahi mea inu waiū fermented kaulana, hilinaʻi pū kekahi i ka hui ʻana o nā bacteria waikawa lactic a me ka hū no ka fermentation.
ʻO Sauerkraut a me Kimchi
Hoʻohana ʻia nā bacteria waikawa lactic, e like me Leuconostoc mesenteroides a me Lactobacillus plantarum, i ka hana ʻana i ka sauerkraut a me kimchi. ʻAʻole wale kēia kaʻina hana fermentation e hāʻawi i kahi ʻono kū hoʻokahi akā hoʻonui pū i ke ola papa a me ka waiwai meaʻai o kēia mau huahana.
Pia a me ka Waina
I loko o ka ʻoihana inu ʻona, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi nā bacteria lactic acid. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ke kaʻina hana fermentation malolactic, kahi e hoʻololi ai i ka waikawa malic ʻoi i loko o ka waikawa lactic palupalu. He mea nui kēia i ka hana waina ʻulaʻula e hoʻonui i ka ʻono a me ke ʻano.
Nā Bacteria i ka ʻOihana Lāʻau Lapaʻau
Hana ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic
ʻO nā bacteria kekahi kumu nui no ka hana ʻana i nā antibiotics, nā hui i hoʻohana ʻia e pepehi a kāohi paha i ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganisms e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi. ʻO Penicillin, ka antibiotic mua i ʻike ʻia, ua hana ʻia e ka fungus Penicillium, akā he nui nā antibiotics hou i loaʻa mai nā bacteria lepo, e like me Streptomyces. No ka laʻana, ʻo streptomycin, kahi antibiotic i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, ua loaʻa mai ka bacteria Streptomyces griseus.
Hana ʻana i ka huaora
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā bacteria i ka hana ʻana i nā huaora. ʻO ka laʻana koʻikoʻi loa, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana o ka huaora B12 e nā bacteria Propionibacterium a me Pseudomonas. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o ka huaora B12 ma o nā ʻano kemika a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni.
Hana ʻana o ka ʻenzyme
He mau mea hoʻouluulu biochemical koʻikoʻi nā enzymes i nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana like ʻole. Nui nā enzymes kalepa, e like me nā protease, amylases, a me nā lipases, i hana ʻia e nā bacteria. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau enzymes i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, mai ka hana ʻana i nā mea holoi a hiki i ka meaʻai a me nā mea inu.
Bacteria ma ka Mahiʻai
Hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka naikokene
Hiki i nā bacteria lepo, e like me Rhizobium, e noho pū ana me nā legumes, ke hoʻopaʻa i ka naikokene mai ka lewa a hoʻololi iā ia i ʻano e hiki ai i nā mea kanu ke hoʻohana. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ka momona o ka lepo a me ka mahiʻai organik.
Nā mea hoʻomake lāʻau olaola
Hoʻohana ʻia nā bacteria i ka hana ʻana o nā biopesticides e kāohi i nā mea ʻino mahiʻai. ʻO Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) kahi laʻana kaulana o kahi bacteria e hana ana i nā protein insecticidal, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā huahana pesticide organik like ʻole.
Hoʻōlaolaolaola
Ma ke ʻano mahiʻai, hoʻohana ka bioremediation i ka bacteria e wāwahi i nā mea haumia ʻino i ka lepo a me ka wai. Hoʻohana ʻia nā bacteria i hiki ke hoʻohaumia i nā pesticides a me nā herbicides e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lepo haumia, e hiki ai ke hoʻomau i ka mahiʻai.
Bacteria i ka ʻenehana Biotechnology
Hana ʻana i ka Biofuel
Hoʻohana ʻia nā bacteria i ka hana ʻana i nā biofuels e like me ka bioethanol a me ka biodiesel. Hoʻohana ʻia nā bacteria e like me Zymomonas mobilis i ka fermentation o nā kō i loko o ka ethanol. Loaʻa i kēia mau bacteria nā pono ma mua o ka hū ma muli o ko lākou hoʻomanawanui ethanol kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻololi kō ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Hana ʻana i ka Bioplastic
Hiki i nā bacteria e like me Ralstonia eutropha ke hana i nā bioplastics i kapa ʻia ʻo polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). He polymer biodegradable ka PHA hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he koho ʻē aʻe i nā plastics maʻamau i hana ʻia mai ka petroleum.
Hoʻōla Gene
I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia nā bacteria i ka lāʻau lapaʻau gene. Hoʻohana ʻia nā bacteria e like me Agrobacterium tumefaciens ma ke ʻano he mau kaʻa e hoʻokomo i nā genes i makemake ʻia i loko o nā mea kanu. Ua hiki i kēia ʻenehana ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻano mea kanu i ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi.
Ka hopena
ʻO nā bacteria, ʻoiai ua manaʻo pinepine ʻia he mea hoʻoweliweli ma muli o kekahi mau ʻano pathogenic, he waiwai nui maoli nō ia i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana like ʻole. Mai ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka meaʻai a hiki i ka hana ʻana i nā antibiotic, mai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka nitrogen a hiki i nā biopesticides, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā bacteria.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka holomua ʻana o ka biotechnology a me ka ʻenekinia genetic, e piʻi aʻe ana ke kuleana o ka bacteria i ka ʻoihana. ʻO nā ʻenehana e like me CRISPR-Cas9 e ʻae i nā kānaka ʻepekema e hoʻoponopono i nā genomes bacteria me ka pololei i ʻike ʻole ʻia. Wehe kēia i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻano bacteria hou me nā hiki i hoʻonui ʻia no nā noi ʻoihana.
I ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia o ka honua e like me ka loli o ke aniau a me ka palekana o ka meaʻai, hāʻawi nā ʻano hana e pili ana i ka bacteria i nā hopena hoʻomau a me nā mea hou. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻomau mākou i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka microbiology ʻoihana e hoʻohana i ka hiki piha o ka bacteria e kākoʻo i ka holomua ʻoihana a me ke olakino kanaka.
