Nā ʻoiaʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i ka Honua ʻo Jupiter
ʻO Iupita ka honua nui loa ma ka Pūnaehana Lā a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kupanaha loa i ka lewa pō. Me kona nui nui, ka lewa ʻino, a me nā mahina he nui e kaapuni ana iā ia, ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo Iupita ʻo ke "mōʻī o nā honua." Eia naʻe, ma hope o kona kaulana hanohano, aia iā Iupita nā ʻoiaʻiʻo hoihoi he nui e hoʻomau nei i nā ʻepekema e aʻo ana iā ia a hiki i kēia lā. Eia kekahi mau ʻoiaʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana iā Iupita e hoʻonui i kou kahaha i ke ao o ka lewa.
1. ʻO ka honua nui loa ma ka ʻōnaehana lā
ʻO ke anawaena o Iupita ma kahi o 139.820 kilomita, ʻoi aku ma mua o 11 mau manawa o ka Honua. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kēlā, hiki i kahi 1.300 mau hōkūhele e like me ka Honua ke kūpono i loko o ka nui o Iupita. He mea kupaianaha nō hoʻi kona nui: ma kahi o 318 mau manawa o ka Honua. Ma muli o kona umekaumaha nui, ua hoʻokani ʻo Iupita i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka Pūnaehana Lā ma luna o nā piliona makahiki.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻoiai he nui loa ʻo Iupita, ʻaʻole i lawa kona nui e lilo i hōkū. No ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā hopena fusion e like me ka Lā, pono ʻo Iupita i kahi nui ma kahi o 80 mau manawa o kona nui o kēia manawa. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, aia ʻo Iupita ma ka palena ma waena o kahi honua nui a me kahi "hōkū hāʻule" (ʻeleʻele dwarf), akā ua kūpono nō ia he honua.
2. He kinoea nui ʻo Iupita, akā he paʻa paha kona kikowaena.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Iupita he kanaka nui kinoea, i haku ʻia me ka hydrogen a me ka helium—ʻo nā mea ʻelua māmā loa a nui loa i ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Inā mākou e hoʻāʻo e "pae" ma luna o Iupita, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike i kahi ʻili paʻa e like me ka Honua. E lilo ana kona lewa i mea mānoanoa i ka wā e hohonu ai, a lilo i kai o ka hydrogen wai.
Eia nō naʻe, ke kānalua nei nā kānaka ʻepekema he ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ke kikowaena o Jupiter. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili mai ka misionari Juno a NASA he "fuzzy" paha ke kikowaena o Jupiter, a i ʻole i hui pū ʻia me nā papa e hoʻopuni ana, ʻaʻole i paʻa ma mua o nā kikowaena o nā hōkūhele pōhaku. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, he mea pohihihi nui ke ʻano o loko o Jupiter.
3. He pōkole loa nā lā ma luna o Iupita
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻoiaʻiʻo kūikawā o Iupita kona lā lōʻihi. Hoʻohuli wikiwiki ʻo Iupita ma kona axis: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lā ma Iupita ma kahi o 9 mau hola a me 56 mau minuke. ʻO kēia ka mea e lilo ai ia i ka honua e hoʻohuli wikiwiki loa ana ma ka Pūnaehana Lā.
ʻO ka wili wikiwiki ʻana ke kumu e ʻike ʻia ai ʻo Iupita he "puʻupuʻu" ma ka equator. Ma muli o ka ikaika centrifugal, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena o Iupita ma ka equator ma mua o ke anawaena mai ka pou a i ka pou. ʻAʻole poepoe pono ke ʻano, akā ua pālahalaha iki ʻia.
4. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka makahiki ma luna o Iupita ma mua o ka Honua
ʻOiai he pōkole kona mau lā, he lōʻihi loa ka makahiki ma luna o Iupita. He 11,86 mau makahiki o ka Honua ka lōʻihi o Iupita e hoʻopau ai i hoʻokahi kaʻapuni a puni ka Lā. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka mamao o ia mai ka Lā ma mua o ka Honua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lā e loaʻa ana iā Iupita.
Eia nō naʻe, hoʻopuka mau ʻo Iupita i ka nui o ka ikehu. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻopuka ia i ka wela ma mua o ka mea i loaʻa mai ka Lā. ʻO kēia no ka mea ke hoʻokuʻu nei ʻo Iupita i ke koena o ka wela o kona hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana mai nā lā mua o ka Pūnaehana Lā.
5. ʻUlaʻula Nui: he ʻino nui kaulana
Ua kaulana ʻo Iupita no kona Great Red Spot, kahi ʻino nui i ʻike ʻia no nā haneli mau makahiki. He vortex nui kēia ʻino—ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka Honua ke anawaena, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa e emi mālie ana.
Hiki i ka wikiwiki o ka makani i kēia ʻino ke hiki i nā haneli kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola. He mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau kona kala ʻulaʻula; pili paha ia i nā kemika paʻakikī o ka lewa e pane ana me ka mālamalama ultraviolet o ka Lā. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻoiai kona lōʻihi, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike maoli i ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomau ʻana o kēia ʻino.
6. He ʻōnaehana apo ko Iupita, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i like ka nani me ko Saturn.
Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui ʻo Saturn wale nō ka honua me nā apo. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mau apo ko Jupiter, akā ua lahilahi loa a palupalu hoʻi a paʻakikī ke ʻike. Hana ʻia nā apo me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka lepo paha i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā mahina liʻiliʻi o Jupiter e nā hopena meteor.
Aia ka ʻōnaehana apo o Jupiter i kekahi mau ʻāpana: hoʻokahi apo nui a me kekahi mau apo palupalu. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i ʻike nui ʻia e like me ko Saturn, ʻo kona ola ʻana e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole he mea laha ʻole nā apo o ka honua.
7. He ikaika loa ke kahua makeneka o Iupita
ʻO Iupita ka mea nona ke kahua makeneka ikaika loa o nā hōkūhele ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻōnaehana lā. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ikaika o ke kahua makeneka o Iupita ma mua o ko ka Honua. ʻO kona magnetosphere—ka ʻāpana o ka mana o ke kahua makeneka—he miliona kilomita ka lōʻihi.
Hoʻokumu kēia kahua makeneka ikaika i nā aurora kupaianaha ma nā pou o Jupiter, e like me nā aurora o ka Honua, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika. Hoʻoulu ʻia nā aurora o Jupiter ʻaʻole wale e ka makani lā akā e nā mea hoʻi mai kona mahina pele nui ʻo Io.
8. He nui nā satelite o Iupita, me ʻehā mau “mahina Galilaia.”
A hiki i kēia lā, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Jupiter he mau ʻumi mahina. ʻO nā mea kaulana loa ʻo ia nā mahina nui ʻehā i ʻike ʻia e Galileo Galilei i ka makahiki 1610: ʻo Io, Europa, Ganymede, a me Callisto. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mahina ʻehā ʻo Galilean Moons a he mau mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka noiʻi honua.
He ʻano kū hoʻokahi ko kēlā me kēia:
– ʻO Io ka mea hana nui loa i ka lua pele ma ka Pūnaehana Lā.
– Ua manaʻo ʻia he moana wai paʻakai ko Europa ma lalo o kona ʻili hau, e lilo ana ia i moho ikaika no kahi e kākoʻo ai i ke ola microbial.
ʻO Ganymede ka mahina nui loa o ka Solar System, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka honua ʻo Mercury.
– He ʻili lua ko Callisto, e hōʻike ana i kahi mōʻaukala lōʻihi o nā hopena.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o nā satelite o Jupiter e hoʻolilo ai i ka ʻōnaehana Jupiter e like me kahi "mini Solar System" i loko ona iho.
9. Hana ʻo Iupita ma ke ʻano he ʻano "mea pale" o ka Honua—akā, ʻaʻole i nā manawa a pau.
Ma muli o kona koʻikoʻi nui, ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ʻo Jupiter e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā hōkūhele o loko o ka ʻōnaehana lā, me ka Honua, mai nā hopena a nā comets a me nā asteroids. Hiki iā Jupiter ke "hopu" a hoʻololi paha i nā ala o nā mea liʻiliʻi i ʻole lākou e hele a pau i ka Honua.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole palekana mau kāna kuleana. I kekahi mau kūlana, hiki iā Jupiter ke hoʻopilikia i nā orbits o nā mea liʻiliʻi, e hoʻohuli ana i kekahi i ka ʻōnaehana solar o loko. No laila, hiki iā Jupiter ke lilo i mea pale a me ka mea hoʻopilikia i nā orbits, ma muli o ke kūlana.
10. Hōʻike ka misionari Juno i nā mea huna hou he nui
ʻO ka misionari Juno a NASA, ka mea i hoʻomaka e kaapuni ana iā Jupiter i ka makahiki 2016, ke hāʻawi nei i nā ʻike hou i ka honua. Ke palapala nei ʻo Juno i ka umekaumaha a me nā kahua magnetic o Jupiter me nā kikoʻī nui, e nānā ana i nā ʻino a me nā ʻano ao, a kōkua i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hohonu o kona lewa.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻino ma nā pou o Jupiter i nā ʻano kūikawā, e like me nā "polygons" vortex nui. Hōʻike kēia he ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka dinamika lewa o Jupiter ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ma mua.
Pani
ʻAʻole wale ʻo Iupita ka honua nui loa, akā ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea pohihihi a ikaika loa. Mai nā ʻino nui e mau ana no nā kenekulia, a i kahi kahua magnetic ikaika loa, a i nā mahina e hiki ke hoʻopuni i nā moana, ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Iupita i mea nui o ke aʻo ʻana no ka ʻepekema hou. ʻAʻole wale ke aʻo ʻana iā Iupita e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i kahi honua nui, akā e pili ana hoʻi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana pehea i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka Pūnaehana Lā a pehea paha i kū mai ai ke ola ma kahi ʻē.
Inā ʻoe e nānā i luna i ka lani pō a ʻike i kahi wahi ʻālohilohi ʻaʻole ia he hōkū, hiki iā Iupita ia—he pilikua kinoea nona ka moʻolelo lōʻihi o ka mōʻaukala a me nā mea kupanaha o ke ao holoʻokoʻa.
